Head and Neck Response of an Active Human Body Model and Finite Element Anthropometric Test Device During a Linear Impactor Helmet Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Bruneau ◽  
Duane S. Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Neck Stiffness ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Primary Impact

Abstract It has been proposed that neck muscle activation may play a role in head response resulting from impacts in American Football. The importance of neck stiffness and active musculature in the standard linear impactor helmet test was assessed using a detailed head and neck finite element (FE) model from a current human body model (HBM) compared to a validated hybrid III head and neck FE model. The models were assessed for bare-head and helmeted impacts at three speeds (5.5, 7.4, and 9.3 m/s) and three impact orientations. The HBM head and neck was assessed without muscle activation and with a high level of muscle activation representing a braced condition. The HBM and hybrid III had an average cross-correlation rating of 0.89 for acceleration in the primary impact direction, indicating excellent correspondence regardless of muscle activation. Differences were identified in the axial head acceleration, attributed to axial neck stiffness (correlation rating of 0.45), but these differences did not have a large effect on the overall head response using existing head response metrics (head injury criteria, brain injury criteria, and head impact power). Although responses that develop over longer durations following the impact differed slightly, such as the moment at the base of the neck, this occurred later in time, and therefore, did not considerably affect the short-term head kinematics in the primary impact direction. Though muscle activation did not play a strong role in the head response for the test configurations considered, muscle activation may play a role in longer duration events.

scholarly journals Head and Neck Response of a Finite Element Anthropomorphic Test Device and Human Body Model During a Simulated Rotary-Wing Aircraft Impact

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. White ◽  
Kerry A. Danelson ◽  
F. Scott Gayzik ◽  
Joel D. Stitzel
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Rotary Wing

A finite element (FE) simulation environment has been developed to investigate aviator head and neck response during a simulated rotary-wing aircraft impact using both an FE anthropomorphic test device (ATD) and an FE human body model. The head and neck response of the ATD simulation was successfully validated against an experimental sled test. The majority of the head and neck transducer time histories received a CORrelation and Analysis (CORA) rating of 0.7 or higher, indicating good overall correlation. The human body model simulation produced a more biofidelic head and neck response than the ATD experimental test and simulation, including change in neck curvature. While only the upper and lower neck loading can be measured in the ATD, the shear force, axial force, and bending moment were reported for each level of the cervical spine in the human body model using a novel technique involving cross sections. This loading distribution provides further insight into the biomechanical response of the neck during a rotary-wing aircraft impact.

Finite Element Modeling and Simulation of Inflatable Tubular Structure Airbag

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek A. Omar ◽  
Wolfgang Rehm ◽  
Nabih E. Bedewi ◽  
Ali Al-Fraiji
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Tubular Structure ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Head Injury Criteria ◽  
Impact Simulations

Abstract The Inflatable Tubular Structure (ITS) airbag is a potentially life-saving device that has been implemented recently in some luxury passenger vehicles. When deployed, the ITS-airbag provides primarily protection of the front seat occupant’s head and face against upper side-interior car components. In the current research, a nonlinear Finite Element (FE) model for ITS-airbag system was proposed, developed, and tested in a side impact using dummy-head and neck FE model. The modeling technique of the unique behavior of the outer layer of the ITS-airbag is explained in details. Modeling such a complicated behavior of the ITS (axial shrinkage and radial expansion) was successfully performed by using a combination of diagonal truss elements combined with an isotropic fabric material. Nonlinear FE side-impact simulations for a Hybrid-III dummy-head and neck model impacting a vehicle’s side glassing, roof-rail, and B-pillar using the ITS airbag system were conducted using the explicit FE code LS-DYNA. The developed ITS model has reduced the Head Injury Criteria (HIC) and the peak-acceleration of the dummy-head significantly. The results indicated the ability of the developed finite element model to represent the real ITS airbag system and therefore provide a reliable nonlinear FE simulation results that could be used to test, improve, and validate the implementation of the ITS airbag systems in more vehicles.

Improving Hybrid III Injury Assessment in Steering Wheel Rim to Chest Impacts Using Responses from Finite Element Hybrid III and Human Body Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Holmqvist ◽  
Johan Davidsson ◽  
Manuel Mendoza-Vazquez ◽  
Peter Rundberget ◽  
Mats Y. Svensson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Wheel Rim ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Injury Assessment

Multidirection Validation of a Finite Element 50th Percentile Male Hybrid III Anthropomorphic Test Device for Spaceflight Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek A. Jones ◽  
James P. Gaewsky ◽  
Mona Saffarzadeh ◽  
Jacob B. Putnam ◽  
Ashley A. Weaver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Fe Modeling ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Male Hybrid

The use of anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) for calculating injury risk of occupants in spaceflight scenarios is crucial for ensuring the safety of crewmembers. Finite element (FE) modeling of ATDs reduces cost and time in the design process. The objective of this study was to validate a Hybrid III ATD FE model using a multidirection test matrix for future spaceflight configurations. Twenty-five Hybrid III physical tests were simulated using a 50th percentile male Hybrid III FE model. The sled acceleration pulses were approximately half-sine shaped, and can be described as a combination of peak acceleration and time to reach peak (rise time). The range of peak accelerations was 10–20 G, and the rise times were 30–110 ms. Test directions were frontal (−GX), rear (GX), vertical (GZ), and lateral (GY). Simulation responses were compared to physical tests using the correlation and analysis (CORA) method. Correlations were very good to excellent and the order of best average response by direction was −GX (0.916±0.054), GZ (0.841±0.117), GX (0.792±0.145), and finally GY (0.775±0.078). Qualitative and quantitative results demonstrated the model replicated the physical ATD well and can be used for future spaceflight configuration modeling and simulation.

The Effect of Vehicles Steering Tilt Angle Impact Human Thorax

2013 ◽  
Vol 397-400 ◽  
pp. 585-588
Author(s):  
Zhi Hua Cai ◽  
Feng Chong Lan ◽  
Ji Qing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Contact Force ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Frontal Impacts ◽  
Wheel Rim ◽  
Human Thorax

Thorax injuries are common in vehicular accidents, second only to head injuries. Unbelted drivers of vehicles are more likely to suffer thorax injuries from steering wheel contact in frontal impacts. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects the steering wheel tilt angle (0, 20, 40, and 60) impact to the thorax of human body model with respect to thorax deflection and steering wheel rim contact interaction. To understanding of the human thorax sensitivity to steering wheel tilt angle on the force and deflection response using finite element simulations. It was found that the thorax response is sensitive to changes in steering wheel tilt angle. The contact force, Sternal displacement were the key parameters to be observed and compared. The results show that the contact force increased when the steering wheel tilt angle was bigger, the response was quicker. Low steering wheel tilt resulted in greater deformation. The greater the contact force, the deformation of the sternum but reduced when thorax impact the steering wheel, According to ECE R12 steering wheel regulation ,use force regulations to assessment the injury of the thorax is not accurate enough when human thorax impact the steering wheel.

THE INFLUENCE OF BRAIN TISSUE MATERIAL PARAMETERS ON THE RESPONSE OF DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS BASED ON FINITE ELEMENT MODEL

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (08) ◽  
pp. 1940058
Author(s):  
BIN YANG ◽  
HAO SUN ◽  
AIYUAN WANG ◽  
QUN WANG
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Initial Parameter ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Nasal Cartilage ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
Tissue Material

Aiming at the uncertainty of material parameters of human brain tissue, the influence of tissue material performance sensitivity on frequency and mode shape under free vibration is studied. In this paper, the 50th percentile finite element (FE) model of human head and neck with detailed anatomical characteristics has been chosen as the research object, the parameters of skull, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain tissue materials with high sensitivity are analyzed by orthogonal test design and variance analysis. The results show that the natural frequencies of Group 7, Group 8 and Group 9 are all around 230[Formula: see text]Hz, which are basically consistent with the initial parameter of 229.18[Formula: see text]Hz, and the intracranial displacements of the three groups are also concentrated on the lateral nasal cartilage. The main reason is that the Young’s modulus of the skull used in three groups of experiments is 9780[Formula: see text]Mpa, which is close to the initial parameter of 8000[Formula: see text]Mpa. It indicates that the material parameter of the skull has the greatest influence on the dynamic characteristics of human head and neck, followed by the CSF and brain tissue. This study provides an effective method for vehicle safety and head and neck injury protection, and supplies a reference for FE analysis of head collision damage.

Head injury metric response in finite element ATDs and a human body model in multidirectional loading regimes

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (sup2) ◽  
pp. S96-S102
Author(s):  
Derek A. Jones ◽  
James P. Gaewsky ◽  
Jeffrey T. Somers ◽  
F. Scott Gayzik ◽  
Ashley A. Weaver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Multidirectional Loading

DEVELOPMENT AND BIOFIDELITY EVALUATION OF AN OCCUPANT BIOMECHANICAL MODEL OF A CHINESE 50TH PERCENTILE MALE FOR SIDE IMPACT

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (07) ◽  
pp. 1740039 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHENGWEI MA ◽  
LELE JING ◽  
FENGCHONG LAN ◽  
JINLUN WANG ◽  
JIQING CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Lateral Impact ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Body Model

Finite element modeling has played a significant role in the study of human body biomechanical responses and injury mechanisms during vehicle impacts. However, there are very few reports on similar studies conducted in China for the Chinese population. In this study, a high-precision human body finite element model of the Chinese 50th percentile male was developed. The anatomical structures and mechanical characteristics of real human body were replicated as precise as possible. In order to analyze the model’s biofidelity in side-impact injury prediction, a global technical standard, ISO/TR 9790, was used that specifically assesses the lateral impact biofidelity of anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) and computational models. A series of model simulations, focusing on different body parts, were carried out against the tests outlined in ISO/TR 9790. Then, the biofidelity ratings of the full human body model and different body parts were evaluated using the ISO/TR 9790 rating method. In a 0–10 rating scale, the resulting rating for the full human body model developed is 8.57, which means a good biofidelity. As to different body parts, the biofidelity ratings of the head and shoulder are excellent, while those of the neck, thorax, abdomen and pelvis are good. The resulting ratings indicate that the human body model developed in this study is capable of investigating the side-impact responses of and injuries to occupants’ different body parts. In addition, the rating of the model was compared with those of the other human body finite element models and several side-impact dummy models. This allows us to assess the robustness of our model and to identify necessary improvements.

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