scholarly journals The Effects of Combined Micron-Scale Surface and Different Nanoscale Features on Cell Response

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yi Kang ◽  
Xuelei Ren ◽  
Xin Yuan ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
Youneng Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Submicroscopic Structure ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Sand Particles ◽  
Nanoscale Features ◽  
Scale Surface

Sandblasting and acid-etching (SLA) and anodization are the two most commonly used methods for surface modification of biomedical titanium. However, there are unavoidable problems such as residual sand particles and lack of hydrophilicity on the surface of titanium sheets treated with SLA technology. In addition, titanium implants showed only the micro/submicroscopic structure. In order to avoid the residue of sand particles in the surface of titanium, the two surface treatments etching treatment (E) and etched-anodizing (EA) on titanium were used, and their surface topography, surface chemistry, and surface roughness were compared with those of the SLA control group. Their wettability and the biocompatibility were also compared and evaluated. The results show that both E and EA samples have the micro/nano hierarchical structure and better wettability compared with the SLA samples. Their performances, especially the E surfaces, were enhanced in terms of cell adhesion, spreading, proliferation, and differentiation abilities.

scholarly journals The role of autophagy in the process of osseointegration around titanium implants with micro-nano topography promoted by osteoimmunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Mengyang Jiang ◽  
Xiaojie Yin ◽  
Peng Yao ◽  
Huiqiang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immune Microenvironment ◽  
Promote Cell Proliferation ◽  
Osteogenic Markers ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractOsteoimmunity plays an important role in the process of implant osseointegration. Autophagy is a conservative metabolic pathway of eukaryotic cells, but whether the interaction between autophagy and osteoimmunity plays a key role in osseointegration remains unclear. In this study, we prepared smooth titanium disks and micro-nano topography titanium disks, to study the immune microenvironment of RAW264.7 cells, and prepared the conditioned medium to study the effect of immune microenvironment on the osteogenesis and autophagy of MC3T3-E1 cells. Autophagy inhibitor 3-MA was used to inhibit autophagy to observe the change of expression of osteogenic markers. The results showed that the micro-nano topography titanium disks could stimulate RAW264.7 cells to differentiate into M2 type, forming an anti-inflammatory immune microenvironment; compared with the control group, the anti-inflammatory immune microenvironment promoted the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts better. The anti-inflammatory immune environment activated the autophagy level of osteoblasts, while the expression of osteogenic markers was down-regulated after inhibition of autophagy. These results indicate that anti-inflammatory immune microenvironment can promote cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, autophagy plays an important role in this process. This study further explains the mechanism of implant osseointegration in osteoimmune microenvironment, and provides reference for improving implant osseointegration.

scholarly journals Surface Modification of Dental Implants - A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 1246-1250
Author(s):  
Shamaa Anjum ◽  
Arvina Rajasekar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Coating ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Osteoblast Activity

The use of dental implants for the replacement of missing teeth has increased in the last 30 years. The success rates for implant placement depend on a series of both biological and clinical steps which starts with primary stability that is being provided by the amount, quality and the distribution of bone within the proposed implant site. The most important factor in implant osseointegration is surface roughness, which shows increased osteoblast activity at 1 to 100 μm of the surface roughness when compared to a smooth surface. Rough surfaces have excellent osseointegration than smooth surfaces, but the results of research have been diverse, and it is evident that multiple treatments provide good results. The surfaces of a dental implant have been modified in several ways to improve its biocompatibility and speed up osseointegration. Literature says that any surface modification provides a good surface for osseointegration of the implant when the surface roughness is about 0.44 ~ 8.68 μm. It is also said that acid etching and coating are the most preferred methods for creating good roughness of the implant surface. From animal studies, it is known that implant surface modifications provided by biomolecular coating seemed to enhance the osseointegration by promoting peri-implant bone formation in the early stages of healing. It also seemed to improve histomorphometric analysis and biomechanical testing results. This article reviews the surface modifications of dental implants for the achievement of better success rates. Various methods are used to modify the topography or the chemistry of the implant surfaces which includes acid etching, anodic oxidation, blasting, treatment with fluoride, and calcium phosphate coating. These modifications provide a faster and a stronger osseointegration.1 Recently, hydrophilic properties added to the roughened surfaces or some osteogenic peptides coated on the surfaces shows higher biocompatibility and have induced faster osseointegration compared to the existing modified surfaces. With development in surface engineering techniques, new information on the properties, behaviour, and the reaction of various materials could be discovered which in turn allows the discovery of new materials, modification techniques and design of bio implants for the future. KEY WORDS Dental Implants, Surface Modifications, Biocompatibility, Surface Topography

scholarly journals Effect of hydrofluoric acid etching duration on the roughness and flexural strength of a lithium disilicate-based glass ceramic

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Villaça Zogheib ◽  
Alvaro Della Bona ◽  
Estevão Tomomitsu Kimpara ◽  
John F. Mccabe
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Lithium Disilicate ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Etching Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different acid etching times on the surface roughness and flexural strength of a lithium disilicate-based glass ceramic. Ceramic bar-shaped specimens (16 mm x 2 mm x 2 mm) were produced from ceramic blocks. All specimens were polished and sonically cleaned in distilled water. Specimens were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=15). Group A (control) no treatment. Groups B-E were etched with 4.9% hydrofluoric acid (HF) for 4 different etching periods: 20 s, 60 s, 90 s and 180 s, respectively. Etched surfaces were observed under scanning electron microscopy. Surface profilometry was used to examine the roughness of the etched ceramic surfaces, and the specimens were loaded to failure using a 3-point bending test to determine the flexural strength. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (?=0.05). All etching periods produced significantly rougher surfaces than the control group (p<0.05). Roughness values increased with the increase of the etching time. The mean flexural strength values were (MPa): A=417 ± 55; B=367 ± 68; C=363 ± 84; D=329 ± 70; and E=314 ± 62. HF etching significantly reduced the mean flexural strength as the etching time increased (p=0.003). In conclusion, the findings of this study showed that the increase of HF etching time affected the surface roughness and the flexural strength of a lithium disilicate-based glass ceramic, confirming the study hypothesis.

Evaluation of Surface Modification of PA 2200 Parts Made by Selective Laser Sintering Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 886-889
Author(s):  
Cristina Stefana Miron Borzan ◽  
Marioara Moldovan ◽  
Vlad Bocanet
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Cellular Adhesion ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Significant Difference

Cellular adhesion on surface structures from PA 2200 made through Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) process can be improved by modifying the parts surface. In this paper, different methods for surface modification are presented. The PA 2200 samples were immersed in six different solvents. SEM images and surface roughness tests were performed in order to evaluate the surface modification both for the control group and for the tested groups. The obtained results clearly show that there is a significant difference between the roughness of the control (untreated) surface and each of the treated surfaces. Modifying by immersion, of the PA 2200 structures produced by Selective Laser Sintering process, brings original approaches concerning the use of those procedures in the increase of the surfaces quality.

scholarly journals Bioactive Surface Modification of Hydroxyapatite

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiko Abe ◽  
Yohei Okazaki ◽  
Kyou Hiasa ◽  
Keisuke Yasuda ◽  
Keisuke Nogami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Etching Process ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Initial Adhesion ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Modified Surfaces ◽  
Phosphoric Acid Etching

The purpose of this study was to establish an acid-etching procedure for altering the Ca/P ratio of the nanostructured surface of hydroxyapatite (HAP) by using surface chemical and morphological analyses (XPS, XRD, SEM, surface roughness, and wettability) and to evaluate thein vitroresponse of osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1 cells) to the modified surfaces. This study utilized HAP and HAP treated with 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60% phosphoric acid solution for 10 minutes at 25°C, followed by rinsing 3 times with ultrapure water. The 30% phosphoric acid etching process that provided a Ca/P ratio of 1.50, without destruction of the grain boundary of HAP, was selected as a surface-modification procedure. Additionally, HAP treated by the 30% phosphoric acid etching process was stored under dry conditions at 25°C for 12 hours, and the Ca/P ratio approximated to 1.00 accidentally. The initial adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and relative mRNA level for ALP) of MC3T3-E1 cells on the modified surfaces were significantly promoted (P<0.05and 0.01). These findings show that the 30% phosphoric acid etching process for the nanostructured HAP surface can alter the Ca/P ratio effectively and may accelerate the initial adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells.

scholarly journals Chemical and Mechanical Roughening Treatments of a Supra-Nano Composite Resin Surface: SEM and Topographic Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4457
Author(s):  
Francesco Puleio ◽  
Giuseppina Rizzo ◽  
Fabiana Nicita ◽  
Fabrizio Lo Giudice ◽  
Cristina Tamà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nano Composite ◽  
Topographic Analysis ◽  
Diamond Bur ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mechanical Surface

Background: Repairing a restoration is a more advantageous and less invasive alternative to its total makeover. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of chemical and mechanical surface treatments aimed at increasing the roughness of a supra-nano composite resin. Methods: 27 cylindrical blocks of microhybrid composite were made. The samples were randomly divided into nine groups (n = 3). The samples’ surface was treated differently per each group: acid etching (35% H3PO4, 30 s and 60 s), diamond bur milling, sandblasting and the combination of mechanical treatment and acid etching. The samples’ surface was observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a confocal microscope for observational study, and surface roughness (Ra) was recorded for quantitative analysis. Results: The images of the samples sandblasted with Al2O3 showed the greatest irregularity and the highest number of microcavities. The surfaces roughened by diamond bur showed evident parallel streaks and sporadic superficial microcavities. No significant roughness differences were recorded between other groups. The difference in roughness between the control group, diamond bur milled group and sandblasted group was statistically significant. (p < 0.01). Comparison between the diamond bur milled group and the sandblasted group was also significant (p < 0.01). Conclusion: According to our results, sandblasting is the best treatment to increase the surface roughness of a supra-nano composite.

scholarly journals A Newly Created Meso-, Micro-, and Nano-Scale Rough Titanium Surface Promotes Bone-Implant Integration

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakazu Hasegawa ◽  
Juri Saruta ◽  
Makoto Hirota ◽  
Takashi Taniyama ◽  
Yoshihiko Sugita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Nano Scale ◽  
Meso Scale

Titanium implants are the standard therapeutic option when restoring missing teeth and reconstructing fractured and/or diseased bone. However, in the 30 years since the advent of micro-rough surfaces, titanium’s ability to integrate with bone has not improved significantly. We developed a method to create a unique titanium surface with distinct roughness features at meso-, micro-, and nano-scales. We sought to determine the biological ability of the surface and optimize it for better osseointegration. Commercially pure titanium was acid-etched with sulfuric acid at different temperatures (120, 130, 140, and 150 °C). Although only the typical micro-scale compartmental structure was formed during acid-etching at 120 and 130 °C, meso-scale spikes (20–50 μm wide) and nano-scale polymorphic structures as well as micro-scale compartmental structures formed exclusively at 140 and 150 °C. The average surface roughness (Ra) of the three-scale rough surface was 6–12 times greater than that with micro-roughness only, and did not compromise the initial attachment and spreading of osteoblasts despite its considerably increased surface roughness. The new surface promoted osteoblast differentiation and in vivo osseointegration significantly; regression analysis between osteoconductivity and surface variables revealed these effects were highly correlated with the size and density of meso-scale spikes. The overall strength of osseointegration was the greatest when the acid-etching was performed at 140 °C. Thus, we demonstrated that our meso-, micro-, and nano-scale rough titanium surface generates substantially increased osteoconductive and osseointegrative ability over the well-established micro-rough titanium surface. This novel surface is expected to be utilized in dental and various types of orthopedic surgical implants, as well as titanium-based bone engineering scaffolds.

scholarly journals Multi-Scale Surface Treatments of Titanium Implants for Rapid Osseointegration: A Review

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingge Wang ◽  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Shifeng Liu ◽  
Shokouh Attarilar ◽  
Robin Lok-Wang Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Texturing ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Laser Surface Texturing ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Modern Biotechnology ◽  
Scale Surface

The propose of this review was to summarize the advances in multi-scale surface technology of titanium implants to accelerate the osseointegration process. The several multi-scaled methods used for improving wettability, roughness, and bioactivity of implant surfaces are reviewed. In addition, macro-scale methods (e.g., 3D printing (3DP) and laser surface texturing (LST)), micro-scale (e.g., grit-blasting, acid-etching, and Sand-blasted, Large-grit, and Acid-etching (SLA)) and nano-scale methods (e.g., plasma-spraying and anodization) are also discussed, and these surfaces are known to have favorable properties in clinical applications. Functionalized coatings with organic and non-organic loadings suggest good prospects for the future of modern biotechnology. Nevertheless, because of high cost and low clinical validation, these partial coatings have not been commercially available so far. A large number of in vitro and in vivo investigations are necessary in order to obtain in-depth exploration about the efficiency of functional implant surfaces. The prospective titanium implants should possess the optimum chemistry, bionic characteristics, and standardized modern topographies to achieve rapid osseointegration.

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