scholarly journals A Newly Created Meso-, Micro-, and Nano-Scale Rough Titanium Surface Promotes Bone-Implant Integration

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakazu Hasegawa ◽  
Juri Saruta ◽  
Makoto Hirota ◽  
Takashi Taniyama ◽  
Yoshihiko Sugita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Nano Scale ◽  
Meso Scale

Titanium implants are the standard therapeutic option when restoring missing teeth and reconstructing fractured and/or diseased bone. However, in the 30 years since the advent of micro-rough surfaces, titanium’s ability to integrate with bone has not improved significantly. We developed a method to create a unique titanium surface with distinct roughness features at meso-, micro-, and nano-scales. We sought to determine the biological ability of the surface and optimize it for better osseointegration. Commercially pure titanium was acid-etched with sulfuric acid at different temperatures (120, 130, 140, and 150 °C). Although only the typical micro-scale compartmental structure was formed during acid-etching at 120 and 130 °C, meso-scale spikes (20–50 μm wide) and nano-scale polymorphic structures as well as micro-scale compartmental structures formed exclusively at 140 and 150 °C. The average surface roughness (Ra) of the three-scale rough surface was 6–12 times greater than that with micro-roughness only, and did not compromise the initial attachment and spreading of osteoblasts despite its considerably increased surface roughness. The new surface promoted osteoblast differentiation and in vivo osseointegration significantly; regression analysis between osteoconductivity and surface variables revealed these effects were highly correlated with the size and density of meso-scale spikes. The overall strength of osseointegration was the greatest when the acid-etching was performed at 140 °C. Thus, we demonstrated that our meso-, micro-, and nano-scale rough titanium surface generates substantially increased osteoconductive and osseointegrative ability over the well-established micro-rough titanium surface. This novel surface is expected to be utilized in dental and various types of orthopedic surgical implants, as well as titanium-based bone engineering scaffolds.

scholarly journals Reality of Dental Implant Surface Modification: A Short Literature Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
In-Sung Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Modified Surfaces

Screw-shaped endosseous implants that have a turned surface of commercially pure titanium have a disadvantage of requiring a long time for osseointegration while those implants have shown long-term clinical success in single and multiple restorations. Titanium implant surfaces have been modified in various ways to improve biocompatibility and accelerate osseointegration, which results in a shorter edentulous period for a patient. This article reviewed some important modified titanium surfaces, exploring the in vitro, in vivo and clinical results that numerous comparison studies reported. Several methods are widely used to modify the topography or chemistry of titanium surface, including blasting, acid etching, anodic oxidation, fluoride treatment, and calcium phosphate coating. Such modified surfaces demonstrate faster and stronger osseointegration than the turned commercially pure titanium surface. However, there have been many studies finding no significant differences in in vivo bone responses among the modified surfaces. Considering those in vivo results, physical properties like roughening by sandblasting and acid etching may be major contributors to favorable bone response in biological environments over chemical properties obtained from various modifications including fluoride treatment and calcium phosphate application. Recently, hydrophilic properties added to the roughened surfaces or some osteogenic peptides coated on the surfaces have shown higher biocompatibility and have induced faster osseointegration, compared to the existing modified surfaces. However, the long-term clinical studies about those innovative surfaces are still lacking.

The Influence of Laser Irradiation Parameters on Tribological Behaviour of Commercially Pure Titanium for Dental Prostheses

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karibeeran Shanmuga Sundaram ◽  
Gurusami Kiliyappan ◽  
Senthil Kumaran Selvadurai
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Laser Shock ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Dental Prostheses ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Cp Ti

Laser shock peening (LSP) is one of the innovative technique that produces a compressive residual stress on the surface of metallic materials, thereby significantly increasing its fatigue life in applications where failure is caused by surface-initiated cracks. The specimens were treated with laser shock waves with different processing parameters, and characterization studies were made on treated specimens. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of Nd:YAG laser on commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) used in prosthetic dental restorations. The treatment influenced change in microstructure, micro hardness, surface roughness, and wear resistance characteristics. Though CP-Ti is considered as an excellent material for dental applications due to its outstanding biocompatibility, it is not suitable when high mastication forces are applied. In the present study, pulsed Nd:YAG laser surface treatment technique was adopted to improve the wear resistance of CP-Ti. The wear test pin specimens of CP-Ti were investment cast with centrifugal titanium casting machine. The wear properties of specimens were evaluated after LSP on a “pin-on-disc” wear testing tribometer, as per ASTM G99-05 standards. The results of the wear experiment showed that the treated laser surface has higher wear resistance, micro hardness, and surface roughness compared to as-cast samples. The improvement of wear resistance may be attributed due to grain refinement imparted by LSP processes. The microstructure, wear surfaces, wear debris, and morphology of the specimen were analyzed by using optical electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The data were compared using ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests. The characteristic change resulted in increase in wear resistance and decrease in wear rate. Hence, it is evident that the more reliable and removable partial denture metal frameworks for dental prostheses may find its applications.

scholarly journals Anatase Forming Treatment without Surface Morphological Alteration of Dental Implant

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5280
Author(s):  
Saturnino Marco Lupi ◽  
Benedetta Albini ◽  
Arianna Rodriguez y Baena ◽  
Giulia Lanfrè ◽  
Pietro Galinetto
Keyword(s):  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Morphological Alteration ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Tio2 Layer ◽  
Amorphous Form ◽  
Commercially Pure

The osseointegration of titanium implants is allowed by the TiO2 layer that covers the implants. Titania can exist in amorphous form or in three different crystalline conformations: anatase, rutile and brookite. Few studies have characterized TiO2 covering the surface of dental implants from the crystalline point of view. The aim of the present study was to characterize the evolution of the TiO2 layer following different surface treatments from a crystallographic point of view. Commercially pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V implants subjected to different surface treatments were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy to evaluate the crystalline conformation of titania. The surface treatments evaluated were: machining, sandblasting, sandblasting and etching and sandblasting, etching and anodization. The anodizing treatment evaluated in this study allowed to obtain anatase on commercially pure titanium implants without altering the morphological characteristics of the surface.

Surface characterization of nanostructured commercially pure titanium modified by sandblasting and acid-etching for implant applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Reshadi ◽  
S Khorasani ◽  
G Faraji
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Ultrafine Grain ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Mg63 Cells ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Cp Ti

This study investigated the surface characteristics of ultrafine-grain commercially pure titanium (UFG CP-Ti) substrates produced by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), compared with those of coarse-grain commercially pure titanium (CG CP-Ti) and Ti–6Al–4V (Ti-64) substrates. All Ti surfaces were sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA-treated) to produce micro-rough surfaces. Tensile and microhardness tests were carried out to measure the mechanical properties of fabricated samples. Then the surface characteristics of samples including contact angle measurements, surface morphology and in vitro cell response were evaluated after polishing, sandblasting and acid etching procedures. The results showed that after applying four passes of ECAP, the average grain size of microstructure decreased from 25 µm to 170 nm, while the ultimate tensile strength increased from 545 ± 24 MPa to 971 ± 38 MPa. Investigation of surface morphologies carried out by scanning electron microscopy indicated that ECAP-processed substrate exhibits nano-topography compared with CG CP-Ti and Ti-64 substrates after applying SLA process. In addition, the contact angle of SLA-treated CG CP-Ti and UFG CP-Ti substrates decreased from 68.3° to 9.5° and 51.9° to 7.4°, respectively, indicating a significant improvement of surface wettability. The morphologies of MG63 cells cultured on the developed surfaces proved the potential superior osteoblast cell compatibility of the micro-roughened surface made of UFG CP-Ti substrates over CG CP-Ti and Ti-64 substrates.

scholarly journals Characterization of Nano-Scale Hydroxyapatite Coating Synthesized from Eggshells Through Hydrothermal Reaction on Commercially Pure Titanium

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsing-Ning Yu ◽  
Hsueh-Chuan Hsu ◽  
Shih-Ching Wu ◽  
Cheng-Wei Hsu ◽  
Shih-Kuang Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Uncoated Sample ◽  
Ha Coating ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Carbonate Substitution ◽  
Living Bone

Commercially pure titanium (c.p. Ti) is often used in biomedical implants, but its surface cannot usually combine with the living bone. A coating of hydroxyapatite (HA) on the surface of titanium implants provides excellent mechanical properties and has good biological activity and biocompatibility. For optimal osteocompatibility, the structure, size, and composition of HA crystals should be closer to those of biological apatite. Our results show that the surface of c.p. Ti was entirely covered by rod-like HA nanoparticles after alkali treatment and subsequent hydrothermal treatment at 150 °C for 48 h. Nano-sized apatite aggregates began to nucleate on HA-coated c.p. Ti surfaces after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 6 h, while no obvious precipitation was found on the uncoated sample. Higher apatite-forming ability (bioactivity) could be acquired by the samples after HA coating. The HA coating featured bone-like nanostructure, high crystallinity, and carbonate substitution. It can be expected that HA coatings synthesized from eggshells on c.p. Ti through a hydrothermal reaction could be used in dental implant applications in the future.

Relative Effect of Sand Blasting and Acid Etching on the Surface Roughness of Pure Titanium and Titanium Alloy for Dental Implants

2014 ◽  
Vol 1043 ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
Yashkta Shivalingam Nadar ◽  
Muralithran Govindan Kutty ◽  
Abdul Razak Abdul Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Sand Blasting ◽  
Relative Contribution

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of sandblasting and acid etching on the surface roughness and morphology of pure titanium and titanium alloy to compare their relative contribution. Both of these samples were first sandblasted and then acid etched using HCL and H2SO4for different duration and temperature. The results of this study indicated that the roughness value for pure titanium increased after acid etching while the opposite occurred for the titanium alloy. It is suggested that the decrease is due to significant over etching of the protective titanium oxide layer on the alloy.

scholarly journals Effect of fluoride sodium mouthwash solutions on cpTI: evaluation of physicochemical properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Bighetti Toniollo ◽  
Rodrigo Galo ◽  
Ana Paula Macedo ◽  
Renata Cristina Silveira Rodrigues ◽  
Ricardo Faria Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anodic Polarization ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Corrosion Data

The effects of fluoride, which is present in different oral hygiene products, deserve more investigation because little is known about their impact on the surface of titanium, which is largely used in Implantology. This study evaluated the surface of commercially pure titanium (cpTi) after exposure to different concentrations of sodium fluoride (NaF). The hypothesis tested in this study was that different concentrations of NaF applied at different time intervals can affect the titanium surface in different ways. The treatments resulted in the following groups: GA (control): immersion in distilled water; GB: immersion in 0.05% NaF for 3 min daily; GC: immersion in 0.2% NaF for 3 min daily; GD: immersion in 0.05% NaF for 3 min every 2 weeks; and GE: immersion in 0.2% NaF for 3 min every 2 weeks. The experiment lasted 60 days. Roughness was measured initially and every 15 days subsequently up to 60 days. After 60 days, corrosion analysis and anodic polarization were done. The samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The roughness data were analyzed by ANOVA and there was no significant difference among groups and among time intervals. The corrosion data (i corr) were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test, and significant differences were found between GA and GC, GB and GC, GC and GD, GC and GE. SEM micrographs showed that the titanium surface exposed to NaF presented corrosion that varied with the different concentrations. This study suggests that the use of 0.05% NaF solution on cpTi is safe, whereas the 0.2% NaF solution should be carefully evaluated with regard to its daily use.

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