scholarly journals Acrylate/Nanofibrillated Cellulose Nanocomposites and Their Use for Paper Coating

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad L. Hassan ◽  
Shaimaa M. Fadel ◽  
Enas A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Moisture Sorption ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Paper Coating ◽  
Acrylate Polymer

Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) isolated from TEMPO-oxidized rice straw was used to improve thermal and tensile strength properties of acrylate polymer films. Acrylate/NFC mixture containing 15% NFC was used for paper coating, and properties of paper sheets including tensile strength, water absorption, and microscopic structure were investigated. The results showed that the presence of NFC in the acrylate matrix significantly improved tensile strength properties and thermomechanical properties of the acrylate polymer and caused moderate increase in its moisture sorption. The presence of NFC in acrylate emulsion caused significant increase in its viscosity. Paper sheets coated with different thin layers (from 0.2 to 6 microns) of acrylate/NFC showed improvement in tensile strength and decrease of water absorption.

scholarly journals Absorption and Strength Properties of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Mortar Composite

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Md. Safiuddin ◽  
George Abdel-Sayed ◽  
Nataliya Hearn
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Air Content ◽  
Entrapped Air ◽  
Short Carbon

This paper presents the water absorption and strength properties of short carbon fiber reinforced mortar (CFRM) composite. Four CFRM composites with 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% short pitch-based carbon fibers were produced in this study. Normal Portland cement mortar (NCPM) was also prepared for use as the control mortar. The freshly mixed mortar composites were tested for workability, wet density, and entrapped air content. In addition, the hardened mortar composites were examined for compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and water absorption at the ages of 7 and 28 days. The effects of different carbon fiber contents on the tested properties were observed. Test results showed that the incorporation of carbon fibers decreased the workability and wet density, but increased the entrapped air content in mortar composite. Most interestingly, the compressive strength of CFRM composite increased up to 3% carbon fiber content and then it declined significantly for 4% fiber content, depending on the workability and compaction of the mortar. In contrast, the splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of the CFRM composite increased for all fiber contents due to the greater cracking resistance and improved bond strength of the carbon fibers in the mortar. The presence of short pitch-based carbon fibers significantly strengthened the mortar by bridging the microcracks, resisting the propagation of these minute cracks, and impeding the growth of macrocracks. Furthermore, the water absorption of CFRM composite decreased up to 3% carbon fiber content and then it increased substantially for 4% fiber content, depending on the entrapped air content of the mortar. The overall test results suggest that the mortar with 3% carbon fibers is the optimum CFRM composite based on the tested properties.

scholarly journals DIMENSIONAL STABILITY AND TENSILE STRENGTH OF WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITE FORMED WITH HIGHER PLASTIC CONTENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-614
Author(s):  
K. J. Lawal ◽  
A. Oluyege ◽  
T. S. Bola ◽  
K. S. Aina ◽  
B. C. Falemara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Wood Particles ◽  
Mixing Proportion ◽  
Waste Particles

This study investigated the dimensional stability and strength properties of plastic bonded composites produced from wood waste particles and polyethylene using extruder. The composites were produced from wood species such as such as: Triplochiton scleroxylon, Terminalia superba and Gmelina arborea at a mixing proportion of 60:40 (plastic/wood) on a weight by weight basis. Evaluation of properties was carried out in accordance with the American Standard Testing Methods of 570 and 790 to determine the dimensional stability and strength properties of the composites. The results of findings revealed that water absorption and thickness swelling of the wood composites ranged from 10.08% to 15.36% and 4.33% to 5.58% respectively after 24hours and 48hours immersion in water. Tensile strength also ranged between 29.4MPa and 45.6MPa. Composite board made from T. superba wood particles had the lowest significant water absorption (10.08%), thickness swelling (4.33%) and highest significant tensile strength (45.6MPa) compared to composites produced from G. arborea and T. scleroxylon wood particles. It was observed that high density wood species exhibit lower water intake, lower thickness swelling and higher tensile strength, while the contrary is the case for lower density wood species. In conclusion, the three tree species used for the study could be recommended for the production of wood composite like particle board, fibre board, wood cement boards and others.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Effect of Using Activated Sludge Treated with Acetic Acid on Physical and Strength Properties of Recycled Pulp

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-307
Author(s):  
Naghmeh Amani ◽  
Ramin Vaysi ◽  
Abdollah Najafi ◽  
Seyed Eshagh Ebadi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Paper Pulp ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Burst Strength ◽  
Mechanical Tensile

This study aimed to scrutinize chemical treatment of Mazandaran Wood and Paper mill activated sludge with 3 % acetic acid for the manufacture of environmentally eco-friendly bio composite. In this study, the paper pulp required was obtained from the waste newsprint paper. The activated sludge was treated in a beaker for 3 min in 3 % acetic acid and then in a water bath at 75 and 100 °C for 45 and 90 min. After that, the treated activated sludge was mixed and refi ned with waste newsprint paper pulp at ratios of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 %. The test specimens were prepared according to TAPPI standard and the physical properties (water absorption and porosity) and mechanical (tensile strength, tear strength, ring crush test, burst strength and folding strength) were measured. The results showed that the activated sludge treatment caused the increase in tear strength, ring crush test, burst strength and porosity as well as the decrease in water absorption, tensile strength and folding strength. FT-IR spectrum of the treated samples showed that the treatment with acetic acid strengthened and activated the functional groups on the surface of activated sludge fi bers. The activated sludge added at a level of 5 % at 100 °C for 90 min as well as at a level of 20 % at 75 °C for 45 min was more suitable than other treatments.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Concrete with Recycled Aggregates for Suitability in Concrete Structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5010
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Denisiewicz ◽  
Małgorzata Śliwa ◽  
Krzysztof Kula ◽  
Tomasz Socha
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Recycled Aggregates ◽  
Total Shrinkage ◽  
Structural Applications

This paper presents the experimental tests of concrete made on the recycled aggregates basis. Tests were carried out to determine the concrete suitability for construction purposes. The physical and strength properties were determined for three types of recycling aggregates. The aggregates were obtained from sanitary ceramics ‘SC’ (washbasins and toilet bowls), building ceramics ‘BC’ (solid bricks), and concrete rubble ‘CR’. The results obtained in tests of compressive strength, bending tensile strength, water absorption, total shrinkage, watertightness, and frost resistance of concrete made of SC and CR aggregates gave grounds for stating its suitability for structural purposes. Concrete based on the BC aggregates is not recommended for structural applications.

scholarly journals Experimental Characterization of Bacterial Concrete Against Mechanical and Durability Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6703-6707
Author(s):  
A. S. Buller ◽  
A .M. Buller ◽  
T. Ali ◽  
Z. A. Tunio ◽  
S. Shabbir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Durability Performance

This study experimentally investigates the mechanical and durability performance of bacteria concrete in terms of density, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and water absorption capacity. The concrete specimens were produced with a ratio of 1:2:4, w/c ratio of 0.45, and having a bacteria dosage level ranging from 1 to 6% by weight of water. To investigate the usefulness of the bacteria dosage level, cubic and cylindrical specimens were cast and tested after 28 days of water curing in a Universal Testing Machine with a constant loading rate. The density of each specimen was also recorded soon after casting and after the curing period ended. Moreover, the water absorption test was similarly conducted on cube specimens at various time intervals to record the penetration depth. The test results of normal concrete (without bacteria) were compared with the ones of the specimens containing bacteria. The optimum level of bacteria was found to be 3.5%, which showed the highest values in terms of compressive strength, split tensile strength, and density. Bacteria tend to generate more crystalline materials inside the concrete mass due to reactions with the surrounding moisture which produces a compact surface, thus strength properties were improved and water penetration was blocked which suggests better durability of the concrete.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal Degradation of Biobased Poly(butylene succinate)/Nanofibrillated Cellulose Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Olesja Starkova ◽  
Oskars Platnieks ◽  
Alisa Sabalina ◽  
Sergejs Gaidukovs
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Hydrothermal Degradation ◽  
Cellulose Composites ◽  
Natural Fillers

Biobased polymers and composites have gained increased global attention due to their abundance, renewability, and biodegradability. Natural fillers such as cellulose-based fillers improve the mechanical properties of biopolymers, extending their application range, while maintaining the eco-friendly characteristics of the materials. Mowing towards engineering applications, requirements imposed on materials’ durability with regard to their environmental impact and high performance is necessary. Variations of ambient humidity and temperature could essentially reduce the service lifetime of biobased polymer composites. This study is focused on the hydrothermal degradation of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) filled with nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) by up to 50 wt.% aimed at identifying the most efficient PBS/NFC composition, while maintaining a reasonable balance between the reinforcement effect and accelerated degradation that is inherent for most natural fillers. Water absorption and its effect on the structure, thermal, mechanical, and thermomechanical properties were studied. High reinforcement and adhesion efficiency is obtained for PBS/NFC composites and their properties are reasonably retained after hydrothermal ageing. Their water absorption capacity and diffusivity increased significantly with the NFC content in PBS. The degradation of the mechanical properties occurs to a greater extent with an increased NFC content in the polymer matrix. PBS, filled with 20 wt.% of NFC, is identified as the most efficient composition, for which the negative environmental degradation effects are counterbalanced by the positive reinforcement effect.

scholarly journals Plasticizer Enhancement on the Miscibility and Thermomechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid-Chitin-Starch Composites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Surya ◽  
N. G. Olaiya ◽  
Samsul Rizal ◽  
Ikramullah Zein ◽  
N. A. Sri Aprilia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Glass Temperature ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

In previous research, a polylactic chitin starch composite was prepared without the use of a solvent to enhance the miscibility. In this study, a polylactic acid (PLA) chitin starch composite was produced with chloroform as a plasticizer in the ratio 1:10. The blending of chitin and starch with PLA ranges from 2% to 8%. Tensile strength, impact, thermogravimetry analysis-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA)-FTIR, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to test the thermomechanical properties. Also, the morphological properties, water absorption, and wear rate of the material was observed. The results showed that the tensile strength, yield strength, and impact strength were improved compared to the pure polylactic acid. Also, the elastic modulus of the samples increased, but were lower compared to that of the pure polylactic acid. The result of the fractured surface morphology showed good miscibility of the blending, which accounted for the good mechanical properties recorded in the study. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetric analysis DTA show a single degradation and peak respectively, which is also shown in the glass temperature measures from the DSC analysis. The water absorption test shows that the water absorption rate increases with starch content and the wear rate recorded sample A (92% P/8% C) as the highest. The high miscibility projected was achieved with no void, with the use of chloroform as a plasticizer.

scholarly journals Dimensional stability and tensile strength of biopolymer composite reinforced with hardwood fiber at varying proportions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
TOMIYOSI BOLA ◽  
AMOS OLUYEGE ◽  
KEHINDE AINA
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Absorption Thickness

Abstract. Bola TS, Oluyege AO, Aina KS. 2020. Dimensional stability and tensile strength of biopolymer composite reinforced with hardwood fiber at varying proportions. Asian J For 4: 1-5. This study was designed to produce bio-composites made from three different wood species and at three different mixing ratio of plastic to wood on weight to weight basis. The main variables employed in this study are wood species of Triplochiton scleroxylon, Terminalia superba and Gmelina arborea; at plastic: wood of 40:60, 50:50, and 60:40 respectively. The composite samples were made through compounding and extrusion process. The properties evaluated were carried out in accordance with the American Standard Testing Methods of 570 and 790 to determine the dimensional stability and strength properties of the composites. The values obtained for the wood species range from 0.59 g/cm3 to 0.72 g/cm3, 0.59 % to 0.71 %, 0.63% to 0.7 %and 1.84 MPa to 2.07 MPa for density, water absorption, thickness swelling, and tensile strength respectively. Meanwhile, the values obtained from the mixing ratio range from 0.54 g/cm3 to 0.79 g/cm3, 0.53% to 0.79%, 0.42% to 1.00%, and 1.58 MPa to 2.37 MPa for density, water absorption, thickness swelling, and tensile strength respectively. It was observed that mixing ratio and wood species used in this study influenced the dimensional stability and strength properties of the WPCs. This study revealed that as the wood-flour content increased to plastic, the dimensional properties, and tensile strength values increases.

Increased dryness after pressing and wet web strength by utilizing foam application technology

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARITA KINNUNEN-RAUDASKOSKI ◽  
KRISTIAN SALMINEN ◽  
JANI LEHMONEN ◽  
TUOMO HJELT
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Cellulose Microfibrils ◽  
Application Technology ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Wet Pressing ◽  
Web Strength

Production cost savings by lowering basis weight has been a trend in papermaking. The strategy has been to decrease the amount of softwood kraft pulp and increase use of fillers and recycled fibers. These changes have a tendency to lower strength properties of both the wet and dry web. To compensate for the strength loss in the paper, a greater quantity of strength additives is often required, either dosed at the wet end or applied to the wet web by spray. In this pilot-scale study, it was shown how strength additives can be effectively applied with foam-based application technology. The technology can simultaneously increase dryness after wet pressing and enhance dry and wet web strength properties. Foam application of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), guar gum, starch, and cellulose microfibrils (CMF) increased web dryness after wet pressing up to 5.2%-units compared to the reference sample. The enhanced dewatering with starch, guar gum, and CMF was detected with a bulk increase. Additionally, a significant increase in z-directional tensile strength of dry web and and in-plane tensile strength properties of wet web was obtained. Based on the results, foam application technology can be a very useful technology for several applications in the paper industry.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document