scholarly journals Plasticizer Enhancement on the Miscibility and Thermomechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid-Chitin-Starch Composites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Surya ◽  
N. G. Olaiya ◽  
Samsul Rizal ◽  
Ikramullah Zein ◽  
N. A. Sri Aprilia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Glass Temperature ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

In previous research, a polylactic chitin starch composite was prepared without the use of a solvent to enhance the miscibility. In this study, a polylactic acid (PLA) chitin starch composite was produced with chloroform as a plasticizer in the ratio 1:10. The blending of chitin and starch with PLA ranges from 2% to 8%. Tensile strength, impact, thermogravimetry analysis-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA)-FTIR, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to test the thermomechanical properties. Also, the morphological properties, water absorption, and wear rate of the material was observed. The results showed that the tensile strength, yield strength, and impact strength were improved compared to the pure polylactic acid. Also, the elastic modulus of the samples increased, but were lower compared to that of the pure polylactic acid. The result of the fractured surface morphology showed good miscibility of the blending, which accounted for the good mechanical properties recorded in the study. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetric analysis DTA show a single degradation and peak respectively, which is also shown in the glass temperature measures from the DSC analysis. The water absorption test shows that the water absorption rate increases with starch content and the wear rate recorded sample A (92% P/8% C) as the highest. The high miscibility projected was achieved with no void, with the use of chloroform as a plasticizer.

scholarly journals Property Correlations of Polypropylene based Composites Filled with Mimusop elengi Seed Shell Powder

2021 ◽  
Vol 945 (1) ◽  
pp. 012064
Author(s):  
Tan Wuan Chien ◽  
Mathialagan Muniyadi ◽  
Yamuna Munusamy
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Shell Powder

Abstract The saturation point of Mimusop elengi seed shell powder (MESSP) and the effect of MESSP addition on the mechanical, thermal, water absorption and morphological properties of polypropylene (PP) composites were studied. Tensile fracture, physio-mechanical properties and thermal behavior of composites were characterized using tensile and impact testing, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron micrograph, and differential scanning calorimetry. Processability of composites were feasible up to 20 wt. % MESSP by which agglomeration of MESSP and poor dispersion of MESSP in PP was observed above 20 wt% MESSP loading. Increasing MESSP loading showed tremendous improvement in tensile modulus and impact strength, whereas tensile strength and elongation at break were reduced. Water absorption and thermal decomposition of composites remain comparable with addition of MESSP up to 20 wt. %. Reduction of tensile strength was attributed by weak adhesion between MESSP and PP. However, morphological analysis revealed the presence of physical interaction via PP chain interlocking on MESSP surface.

scholarly journals Combined Effects of Cellulose Nanofiber Nucleation and Maleated Polylactic Acid Compatibilization on the Crystallization Kinetic and Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid Nanocomposite

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3226
Author(s):  
Siti Shazra Shazleen ◽  
Lawrence Yee Foong Ng ◽  
Nor Azowa Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd Ali Hassan ◽  
Hidayah Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
Crystallization Kinetic ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Dsc Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics

This work investigated the combined effects of CNF nucleation (3 wt.%) and PLA-g-MA compatibilization at different loadings (1–4 wt.%) on the crystallization kinetics and mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA). A crystallization kinetics study was done through isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. It was shown that PLA-g-MA had some effect on nucleation as exhibited by the value of crystallization half time and crystallization rate of the PLA/PLA-g-MA, which were increased by 180% and 172%, respectively, as compared to neat PLA when isothermally melt crystallized at 100 °C. Nevertheless, the presence of PLA-g-MA in PLA/PLA-g-MA/CNF3 nanocomposites did not improve the crystallization rate compared to that of uncompatibilized PLA/CNF3. Tensile strength was reduced with the increased amount of PLA-g-MA. Contrarily, Young’s modulus values showed drastic increment compared to the neat PLA, showing that the addition of the PLA-g-MA contributed to the rigidity of the PLA nanocomposites. Overall, it can be concluded that PLA/CNF nanocomposite has good performance, whereby the addition of PLA-g-MA in PLA/CNF may not be necessary for improving both the crystallization kinetics and tensile strength. The addition of PLA-g-MA may be needed to produce rigid nanocomposites; nevertheless, in this case, the crystallization rate of the material needs to be compromised.

scholarly journals PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATIONS OF LATEX/FILLER NANOCOMPOSITES

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-238
Author(s):  
Mohamad Firdaus Omar ◽  
NURIAH MOHAMAD ◽  
Fathilah Ali
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Silane Coupling Agents ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Latex Compounding

Latex compounding which incorporates various types of clays as filler to the rubber can significantly give reinforcement in the rubber matrix when rubber/clay nanocomposites are formed, but the filler agglomerates. Thus, study was conducted by using Kaolin clay as the filler in the rubber nanocomposites with silane coupling agent to functionalize the surface of the filler. This study was done in order to investigate the mechanical properties of various functionalized Kaolin in latex nanocomposites, to prepare various ratios of Kaolin to rubber, and to characterize mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of the Kaolin in latex nanocomposites. To achieve these, six types of silane coupling agents was used for Kaolin filler surface functionalization purpose during the filler’s incorporation in latex compounding. The optimized coupling agent, USi-7301 (?-chloropropyltrimetoxysilane) – with tensile strength value of 32.77 MPa, elongation at break value of 632.589 % and force at break value of 6.737 N – was used to further functionalize Kaolin filler in different ratios so as to achieve the optimum mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of the filler in the polymer matrix. Universal tensile machine was used to analyze the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites, while the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were used to observe the morphological and thermal properties of the nanocomposites, respectively. The results showed that reducing the Total Solids Content (TSC) of Kaolin filler to 26 % somehow showed the optimized properties of the nanocomposites, giving 34.00 MPa tensile strength, 576.494 % elongation at break and 6.564 N force at break. Rough surface morphology was observed under SEM suggesting the occurrence of phase separation between the hydrophilic filler and the hydrophobic rubber matrix. In the DSC plot, sample with USi-7301 and with functionalized Kaolin filler 26 % TSC showed glass transition temperature shifted to lower region compared to normal nitrile rubber. The reinforcement of nanocomposites formed will not only enhance the properties of the nanocomposites, but is also economically feasible thus brings advantages to the industry. ABSTRAK: Penyebatian lateks yang menggabungkan pelbagai jenis tanah liat sebagai pengisi dalam getah dapat memberi pengukuhan dalam matriks getah dengan ketara apabila nanokomposit getah / tanah liat terbentuk, tetapi pengisi mengagregat. Oleh itu, kajian dijalankan dengan menggunakan tanah liat Kaolin sebagai pengisi dalam nanokomposit getah dengan ejen gandingan silan untuk menambah-fungsi permukaan pengisi tersebut. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengenalpasti sifat mekanik pelbagai Kaolin (yang berfungsi) dalam nanokomposit lateks, untuk menyediakan pelbagai nisbah Kaolin terhadap getah, dan untuk mencirikan sifat mekanik, haba dan morfologi Kaolin dalam nanokomposit lateks. Untuk mencapainya, enam jenis ejen gandingan silan digunakan untuk tujuan menambah-fungsi permukaan pengisi Kaolin semasa penggabungan pengisi dalam penyebatian lateks. Ejen gandingan silan yang paling optimum, USi-7301 (?-silan kloropropiltrimetoksi) - dengan nilai kekuatan tegangan 32.77 MPa, nilai pemanjangan ketika pemutusan 632.589% dan kekuatan daya ketika pemutusan 6.737 N - digunakan dengan lebih lanjut untuk menambah-fungsi pengisi Kaolin dalam nisbah yang berbeza untuk lebih mencapai sifat mekanikal, haba dan morfologi optimum pengisi dalam matriks polimer lateks. Mesin tegangan universal digunakan untuk menganalisis sifat mekanik nanokomposit, sementara Mikroskopi Elektron Pengimbasan (SEM) dan Kalorimetri Pengimbasan Berbeza (DSC) digunakan untuk menganalisa sifat morfologi dan haba nanokomposit tersebut. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengurangan Jumlah Kandungan Pepejal (TSC) pengisi Kaolin kepada 26% menunjukkan sifat optimum nanokomposit, dengan kekuatan tegangan 34.00 MPa, pemanjangan ketika pemutusan sebanyak 576.494% dan daya ketika pemutusan sebanyak 6.564 N. Morfologi permukaan kasar diperhatikan di bawah SEM dan ia menunjukkan berlakunya pemisahan fasa antara pengisi hidrofilik dan matriks getah hidrofobik. Dalam plot DSC, sampel dengan USi-7301 dan dengan pengisi Kaolin yang difungsikan dengan 26% TSC menunjukkan suhu peralihan kaca beralih ke kawasan yang lebih rendah berbanding getah nitril biasa. Pengukuhan nanokomposit yang terbentuk bukan sahaja akan meningkatkan sifat nanokomposit, tetapi juga dapat dilaksanakan secara ekonomi sehingga memberi banyak kelebihan kepada industri.

scholarly journals Properties of Polylactic Acid Reinforced by Hydroxyapatite Modified Nanocellulose

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianxiao Lu ◽  
Chuanyue Sun ◽  
Kexin Yang ◽  
Kaili Wang ◽  
Yingyi Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Composite Film ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most promising bio-based materials, but its inherent hydrophobicity limits its application. Although nanocellulose (NCC) is a desirable reinforcement for PLA, the poor interface compatibility between the two has been a challenge. In this work, hydroxyapatite (HAP) modified NCC was prepared, and the obtained NCC/HAP reinforcement was used to prepare PLA/NCC-HAP composites. Different ratios of NCC to HAP were studied to explore their effects on the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of the composites. When the ratio of NCC to HAP was 30/70, the tensile strength and tensile modulus of the composite film reached 45.6 MPa and 2.34 GPa, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicate that thermal stability of the composites was significantly improved compared with pure PLA, reaching 346.6 °C. The above revelations show that NCC/HAP significantly improved the interface compatibility with PLA matrix.

Preparation and Properties of Composite Films from Poly(Butylene Succinate), Poly(Butylene Adipate-co-Terephthalate) and Zeolite

2019 ◽  
Vol 798 ◽  
pp. 285-290
Author(s):  
Nattakarn Hongsriphan ◽  
Nitinon Viratchaiboot ◽  
Prechapol Indrasook ◽  
Sahapat Hanbuakaeo
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Zeolite Content ◽  
Lower Elongation ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity

Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) was blended with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) in weight ratios of 80/20 and 70/30 wt%. Zeolite4A and zeolite13X of 1, 2, and 3 wt% were added which polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used to improve compatibility. The blends and composites were compounded and extruded into thin films. Mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties were studied. Water absorption was also investigated. The results showed that adding PEG enhanced elongation at break of the PBS70/PBAT30 film due to plasticizing effect. Better miscibility between PBS and PBAT was observed after adding PEG. Nevertheless, zeolite particles reduced elongation at break of composite films. The composite films with zeolite13X had higher tensile strength but lower elongation at break than those with zeolite4A. The degree of crystallinity increased significantly in the PBS70/PBAT30 film. The 24-hour water absorption of the blends was higher than that of neat PBS film and was higher with respect to zeolite content.

Effects of different starch types on the physico-mechanical and morphological properties of low density polyethylene composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 793-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Dalour Hossen Beg ◽  
Shaharuddin Bin Kormin ◽  
Mohd Bijarimi ◽  
Haydar U. Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Sago Starch

Abstract The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of different thermoplastic starches and starch contents on the physico-mechanical and morphological properties of new polymeric-based composites from low density polyethylene (LDPE) and thermoplastic starches. Different compositions of thermoplastic starches (5–40 wt%) and LDPE were melt blended by extrusion and injection molding. The resultant materials were characterized with respect to the following parameters, i.e., melt flow index (MFI), mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, stiffness and impact strength) and water absorption. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also used in this study for evaluating blend miscibility. MFI values of all blends decreased as the starch content increased, while the sago starch formulation showed a higher MFI value than others. The incorporation of fillers into LDPE matrix resulted in an increased in tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus and slightly decreased tensile strength and impact strength. However, sago starch filled composites exhibited better mechanical properties as compared to other starches. The SEM results revealed that the miscibility of such blends is dependent on the type of starch used. The water absorption increased with immersion time and the thermoplastic sago starch samples showed the lowest percentage of water absorption compared with other thermoplastic starches.

scholarly journals Acrylate/Nanofibrillated Cellulose Nanocomposites and Their Use for Paper Coating

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad L. Hassan ◽  
Shaimaa M. Fadel ◽  
Enas A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Moisture Sorption ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Paper Coating ◽  
Acrylate Polymer

Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) isolated from TEMPO-oxidized rice straw was used to improve thermal and tensile strength properties of acrylate polymer films. Acrylate/NFC mixture containing 15% NFC was used for paper coating, and properties of paper sheets including tensile strength, water absorption, and microscopic structure were investigated. The results showed that the presence of NFC in the acrylate matrix significantly improved tensile strength properties and thermomechanical properties of the acrylate polymer and caused moderate increase in its moisture sorption. The presence of NFC in acrylate emulsion caused significant increase in its viscosity. Paper sheets coated with different thin layers (from 0.2 to 6 microns) of acrylate/NFC showed improvement in tensile strength and decrease of water absorption.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CHITIN SOURCE AND CONTENT ON PROPERTIES OF CHITIN NANOWHISKERS FILLED POLYLACTIC ACID COMPOSITES

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syazeven Effatin Azma Mohd Asri ◽  
Zainoha Zakaria ◽  
Azman Hassan ◽  
Mohamad Haafiz Mohamad Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Chitin Nanowhiskers ◽  
Prawn Waste

This study investigates the use of chitin nanowhiskers (CHW) from different chitin sources to develop CHW reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) nanocomposite. Chitin sources used in this study were commercial chitin (CC), fermented chitin (FC) and treated fermented chitin (TFC) whereby FC and TFC were obtained from fermentation of prawn waste. The chitin was then undergoes acid hydrolysis to produce commercial chitin nanowhiskers (CCHW), fermented chitin nanowhiskers (FCHW) and treated fermented chitin nanowhiskers (TFCHW). PLA was chosen due to several advantages such as biodegradability, good mechanical strength and in line with global pressure to improve environmental pollution aspects. Tensile strength for PLA/FCHW, PLA/TFCHW and PLA/CCHW increased with increasing filler content until it reached optimum value at 1 phr, 2 phr and 3 phr, respectively. Young’s modulus for the nanocomposites increased with increasing filler content but elongation at break decreased significantly with increasing filler content for all types of nanocomposites. TGA results indicated that PLA/CHW nanocomposites displayed better thermal stability as compared to pure PLA. The biodegradability and water absorption of nanocomposites increased with increasing filler content.The overall results confirm that PLA nanocomposites from FC are not inferior than PLA nanocomposites from CC and therefore has similar potential to be used in packaging applications. ABSTRAK: Kajian ini menyelidik penggunaan nanowisker kitin (CHW) dari sumber kitin yang berbeza untuk membangunkan komposit poli(asid laktik) (PLA) bertetulang CHW. Sumber-sumber kitin yang digunakan dalam kajian ini terdiri daripada kitin komersial (CC), kitin ditapai (FC) dan kitin ditapai yang dirawat (TFC) di mana FC dan TFC diperoleh daripada penapaian sisa udang. Kitin kemudiannya menjalani proses hidrolisis asid untuk menghasilkan nanowisker kitin komersial (CCHW), nanowisker kitin ditapai (FCHW) dan nanowisker kitin ditapai yang dirawat (TFCHW). PLA dipilih kerana kelebihannya misalnya kebolehan pereputan-bio, kekuatan mekanikal yang baik dan sesuai dengan tekanan global untuk memperbaiki aspek pencemaran alam sekitar. Kekuatanreganganuntuk PLA/FCHW, PLA/TFCHW dan PLA/CCHW meningkat dengan peningkatan kandungan pengisi sehingga mencapai nilai optimum masing-masing pada 1 phr, 2 phr dan 3 phr. Modulus Young bagi komposit nano meningkat dengan peningkatan kandungan pengisi tetapi ciri pemanjangan takat putus menurun dengan ketara dengan peningkatan kandungan pengisi bagi semua jenis komposit nano. Keputusan TGA menunjukkan bahawa komposit nano PLA/CHW memaparkan kestabilan terma yang lebih baik berbanding dengan PLA tulen. Kadar pereputan-bio dan penyerapan air komposit nano meningkat dengan peningkatan kandungan pengisi. Hasil keseluruhan mengesahkan bahawa komposit nano PLA daripada FC tidak lebih rendah daripada komposit nano PLA dari CC dan berpotensi serupa untuk digunakan dalam aplikasi pembungkusan.

Tensile and Morphological Properties of Hybrid Montmorillonite/Microcrystalline Cellulose Filled Polylactic Acid Composites: Effect of Filler Ratio

2015 ◽  
Vol 1125 ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Arjmandi ◽  
Azman Hassan ◽  
M.K. Mohamad Haafiz ◽  
Zainoha Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Percent Elongation ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Optimum Formulation

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of partial replacement of montmorillonite (MMT) with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) on the tensile and morphology properties of polylactic acid (PLA) composites. PLA composites reinforced with hybrid MMT/MCC were prepared by solution casting. Based on our previous study, tensile strength exhibited that the optimum MMT content in the PLA/MMT is 5 phr. Therefore, partial replacement of MMT with MCC was performed at 5 phr of filler content in order to produce PLA/MMT/MCC hybrid composites. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed some polar interaction between fillers and PLA matrix. Young’s modulus of the PLA/MMT/MCC hybrid composites increased gradually with increasing MCC filler in the hybrid composites and was higher than PLA/MMT nanocomposites. However, the highest tensile strength of hybrid composites was obtained at 4 phr MMT and 1 phr of MCC filler (~26 MPa), which was lower than optimum formulation of PLA/MMT nanocomposites. Interestingly, the percent elongation at break of the hybrid composites were higher than that of PLA/MMT nanocomposites; increased significantly from ~10 to ~58 %. Field emission scanning electron microscopy indicated the aggregation of MCC and the presence of some cracks in the PLA hybrid composites, resulted in decrease of the tensile strength.

Processing Technology and Characteristic Evaluation of Absorbent Cotton

2013 ◽  
Vol 365-366 ◽  
pp. 1177-1180
Author(s):  
Jia Horng Lin ◽  
Zong Han Wu ◽  
Chao Tsang Lu ◽  
Ting Ting Li ◽  
Ching Wen Lou
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Nonwoven Fabric ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Absorbent Cotton ◽  
Tearing Strength ◽  
Optimal Blending

Hemostasis is the critical steps for trauma and emergency. When injured person is under circumstance of hemorrhage, the important step is immediate hemostasis because mild hemorrhage makes patient feeling pain and dizziness while abundant hemorrhage would lead to coma, shock even death. Therefore, hemostasis becomes an important rescue issue to bleeding patient. This study uses Polylactic acid (PLA) and Polyacrylate (HPA) to prepare PLA/HPA nonwoven fabric with different weight ratios of 100/0,95/5,90/10, 85/15, 80/20 wt%/wt%, following with discussions of tensile strength, tearing strength, softness, air permeability, water vapor transmittance, water absorption, water retention. The results show that, 80 wt%/20 wt% of PLA fiber and HPA fiber was the optimal blending ratio, and its water absorption, water retention and softness were respectively improved by 323 %, 245 % and 22.3 % by contrast with 100 wt%/0 wt% of PLA and HPA; but its tensile strength was decreased by 63 % even that still reaches the strength of absorbent cotton.

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