scholarly journals Validating Analytical Protocols to Determine Selected Pesticides and PCBs Using Routine Samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Pindado Jiménez ◽  
Susana García Alonso ◽  
Rosa María Pérez Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Water Sample ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Water Matrix ◽  
Constant Bias ◽  
Combined Uncertainty ◽  
Sediment Matrix ◽  
Analytical Protocols

This study aims at providing recommendations concerning the validation of analytical protocols by using routine samples. It is intended to provide a case-study on how to validate the analytical methods in different environmental matrices. In order to analyze the selected compounds (pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls) in two different environmental matrices, the current work has performed and validated two analytical procedures by GC-MS. A description is given of the validation of the two protocols by the analysis of more than 30 samples of water and sediments collected along nine months. The present work also scopes the uncertainty associated with both analytical protocols. In detail, uncertainty of water sample was performed through a conventional approach. However, for the sediments matrices, the estimation of proportional/constant bias is also included due to its inhomogeneity. Results for the sediment matrix are reliable, showing a range 25–35% of analytical variability associated with intermediate conditions. The analytical methodology for the water matrix determines the selected compounds with acceptable recoveries and the combined uncertainty ranges between 20 and 30%. Analyzing routine samples is rarely applied to assess trueness of novel analytical methods and up to now this methodology was not focused on organochlorine compounds in environmental matrices.

The Impact of Liquidity on Islamic Banks Profit:  A Study on A Sample of Saudi Islamic Banks for the period 2013-2018: أثر السيولة في ربحية المصارف الإسلامية: دراسة عينة من المصارف الإسلامية السعودية للفترة الزمنية 2013-2018م

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifa Saleh Al-Akel, Najla Ibrahim Abdulrahman
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Index Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Index Effect

This research aimed to study the effect of Liquidity on Saudi Islamic banks profitability, to achieve the goals of the research, the researcher has determined a sample of Saudi Islamic banks, the sample included Al-Rajhi, Al-Inma and Al-Bilad, the research focuses on the time period 2013-2018. The research used a descriptive methodology for the theoretical part by gathering previous studies, studies and scientific journals, for the applied part, the research used an analytical methodology by collecting financial statements of the study sample to use these data for hypothesis tests using statistical analytical methods, the results show that there is a statistically index effect on the index level (0.05) of the Liquidity ratio on the return of assets index in Saudi banks, they also show that the liquidity is inversely proportional to the return. The research recommended that Islamic banks should expand their services and attract depositors to take advantage with them in investment operations, This will make positive effects on their profits, in addition to that, Islamic banks administrations have to evaluate Liquidity risks continuously to deal with surplus and deficit.

scholarly journals Solvent-saving approaches for the extraction of siloxanes from pine needles, soils and passive air samplers

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (27) ◽  
pp. 5378-5387 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ramos ◽  
J. A. Silva ◽  
V. Homem ◽  
A. Cincinelli ◽  
L. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pine Needles ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Analytical Protocols

Solvent-saving analytical protocols are a valid alternative to quantify siloxanes in environmental matrices.

scholarly journals Measuring of Subjective and Objective Aesthetics in Planning and Urban Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1557-1568
Author(s):  
Nadia A. Al-Salam ◽  
Ahmed A. Al-Jaberi ◽  
Ahmed S. Al-Khafaji
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Aesthetic Judgment ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Form Versus ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Urban Planning And Design ◽  
Subjective Aspect

The article includes the concept of aesthetics through what has been dealt with in the literature by philosophers and researchers who have addressed this concept in an attempt to derive indicators of aesthetics. The article adopted a descriptive and analytical methodology by reviewing recent literature on the concept of aesthetics and its relation to urban planning and design issues. Many subjective and objective aesthetics indicators have been identified, some of which are classified under real aesthetics, and some under fake aesthetics. The indicators were applied to the Kufa Mosque complex and Sahla Mosque complex as a comparative case study. It was found that the indicators of real aesthetics have a higher weight in determining the final aesthetic judgment on the complex form versus the fake indicators, which in turn reinforced the weighting of the subjective aspect over the objective. This was consistent with the answer to the question directed to the sample about which complexes are more aesthetic. The answer was that the Kufa Mosque complex is most aesthetically. This was proven by the questions directed in the questionnaire, which outweighed the real aesthetic indicators for the Kufa Mosque complex. As for the results of analyzing the indicators of fake aesthetic were equal, as each complex achieved higher values in three indicators. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091743 Full Text: PDF

Analytical Methods and Bench Scale Preparative Bioseparations

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger G. Harrison ◽  
Paul W. Todd ◽  
Scott R. Rudge ◽  
Demetri P. Petrides
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Magnetic Separations ◽  
Analytical Development ◽  
Downstream Processes

The development of efficient and reliable processes for bioseparations is dependent on the availability of suitable analytical methods. This means it is important that work on analytical methodology for the bioproduct of interest starts at the very beginning of process development. Analytical studies are important throughout the development and scale up of the process, as changes can occur either to the product or to its associated impurities from what may be thought of as minor changes in the process. This chapter gives access to the vocabulary and techniques used in quality control and analytical development activities, starting with a description of specifications typically set for a pharmaceutical and the rationale behind them. Then, before discussing the assays themselves, we describe assay attributes, which can be measured and used to help not only the assay developer but also the biochemist and engineer responsible for developing downstream processes determine the usefulness and meaning of the assay. Finally, we turn to assays that are commonly applied in biotechnology, as they apply to biological activity, identity, and purity. These assays are the ultimate yardsticks by which the process is measured. Purification methods are developed for their ability to remove a contaminant from the product of interest, whether it is a related molecule, a contaminant related to a host organism, such as DNA or endotoxin, or a process contaminant, such as a residual solvent or water. Critical to understanding process performance is an understanding of how the assays that measure these contaminants have been developed, what the assay strengths and limitations are, and what they indicate and why. Electrophoresis and magnetic separation are two methods that are now used for the bench scale preparative purification of bioproducts, including living cells. The electrophoresis systems with the highest capacity are free-flow electrophoresis, density gradient electrophoresis, recycling free-flow isoelectric focusing, and rotating isoelectric focusing, and the principles of operation of these are discussed. The physical principles of magnetic separations are presented, as well as magnetic reagents and applications of magnetic separators.

scholarly journals Road Safety Analysis of Urban Roads: Case Study of an Italian Municipality

Safety ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Demasi ◽  
Giuseppe Loprencipe ◽  
Laura Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
The Road ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Homogeneous Section ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users

Attention to the most vulnerable road users has grown rapidly over recent decades. The experience gained reveals an important number of fatalities due to accidents in urban branch roads. In this study, an analytical methodology for the calculation of urban branch road safety is proposed. The proposal relies on data collected during road safety inspections; therefore, it can be implemented even when historical data about traffic volume or accidents are not available. It permits us to identify geometric, physical, functional, and transport-related defects, and elements which are causal factors of road accidents, in order to assess the risk of death or serious injuries for users. Traffic volume, average speed, and expected consequences on vulnerable road users in case of an accident allow us to calculate both the level of danger of each homogeneous section which composes the road, and the hazard index of the overall branch. A case study is presented to implement the proposed methodology. The strategy proposed by the authors could have a significant impact on the risk management of urban roads, and could be used in decision-making processes to design safer roads and improve the safety of existing roads.

Assessment of Transition Metals Toxicity in Environmental Matrices Using Potentiometric Electrodes: Inorganic Mercury(II) in the Seawater as a Case Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1932-1938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina R. A. Matos ◽  
M. Teresa S. R. Gomes ◽  
Joao A. B. P. Oliveira ◽  
Eliana Alves ◽  
M. Angela S. D. A. Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metals ◽  
Inorganic Mercury ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Potentiometric Electrodes

scholarly journals A Novel Spore Collection Device for Sampling Exposure Pathways: A Case Study of Puccinia psidii

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 828-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Holliday ◽  
S. A. Jones ◽  
J. A. Simpson ◽  
M. Glen ◽  
J. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Spore Count ◽  
Myrtle Rust ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Collection Device ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Gross Examination

A device comprising a filter attached to a vacuum cleaner was purpose-built to sample rust spores from three potentially high-risk pathways in Australia: passengers, fresh flowers, and sea cargo. The proportion of spores recovered from eight surfaces comparable with those on each pathway (cotton, denim, roses, carnations, chrysanthemums, wood, plastic, and metal) was estimated in the laboratory. Spore recovery percentages were highest for denim clothing (61% Puccinia triticina Erikss. and 62% Uromycladium tepperianum) and lowest for carnations (4% P. triticina Erikss. and 5% U. tepperianum). Subsequently, the device was tested at several locations on the Central Coast of New South Wales, Australia, recently affected by a “myrtle rust” outbreak. Symptomatic and asymptomatic myrtle rust hosts, myrtle rust nonhosts, and inanimate objects (e.g., clothing and vehicles) were sampled in conjunction with the emergency response to the outbreak. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay developed for P. psidii established the presence of myrtle rust, and visual inspections provided spore count estimations. All samples from symptomatic myrtle rust hosts produced positive PCR results and spore count estimations were generally much greater. Several samples from asymptomatic myrtle rust hosts, myrtle rust nonhosts, and inanimate objects also produced positive PCR results; however, there were discrepancies between PCR results and spore count estimations in some of these samples, all of which had <100 spores. This study highlights the utility of the device and analytical methodology, especially during the early stages of a disease outbreak when infection symptoms on plants and contamination on objects is not visible upon gross examination.

scholarly journals REHABILITATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HERITAGE VILLAGES IN THE PROVINCE OF ALMANDAQ - BAHA AREA: (ALMASHAYA'A VILLAGE AS A CASE STUDY)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-96
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
National Heritage

Saudi Arabia has a rich architectural heritage reflecting its historical memory dating back centuries. The variety of villages throughout the kingdom are a unique sphere for social, economic and architectural interactions. Despite the attention given to the architectural heritage by the General Commission for Tourism and National Heritage, as a national interest, there are heritage villages still suffering from multiple problems such as desertion, deterioration as a result of natural and human factors which effect massively the economic, social and architectural aspects. This study utilizes descriptive and analytical methodology to investigate the restoration and revitalization of the residential buildings in the Almashaya'a village and presents a plan for rehabilitation to preserve the buildings in an attractive and sustainable environment for activities, events and handicrafts that reveals its heritage and architectural value.

scholarly journals Business Incubator and Its Impact on Business Success: A Case Study of Jordan Enterprise Development Corporation (JEDCO)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Rula Ali Al-Damen
Keyword(s):  
Support Services ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Enterprise Development ◽  
Business Incubators ◽  
Business Incubator ◽  
Development Corporation ◽  
Support Practices ◽  
High Level

This study aimed to identify the level of services provided by the business incubators and their impact on business success. The sample for the field study consisted of 30 businesses that benefited from business incubator services at Jordan Enterprise Development Corporation (JEDICO). Various techniques, such as descriptive and analytical methods, were utilized in the study to test the hypotheses. The results demonstrated that beneficiaries perceived business incubators&rsquo; support practices as high level and that there was a statistically significant impact of business incubators on business success where the networking support services dimension had the highest influence on business success, followed by infrastructure support services. As a result of the findings, the study has provided a set of recommendations.

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