scholarly journals Solvent-saving approaches for the extraction of siloxanes from pine needles, soils and passive air samplers

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (27) ◽  
pp. 5378-5387 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ramos ◽  
J. A. Silva ◽  
V. Homem ◽  
A. Cincinelli ◽  
L. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pine Needles ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Analytical Protocols

Solvent-saving analytical protocols are a valid alternative to quantify siloxanes in environmental matrices.

Identification of cytopathogenic isolates from environmental matrices: application of analytical protocols

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Casini ◽  
L. Stefani ◽  
A. Giuntini ◽  
M. Verani ◽  
G. Sigari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Applications ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Analytical Protocols

This work was aimed at studying cytopathogenic agents isolated from the environment by adopting, in parallel, various techniques currently used in clinical virology. The purpose of this research was not only to identify the viral species isolated but also to verify the most reliable protocols for environmental applications.

scholarly journals Validating Analytical Protocols to Determine Selected Pesticides and PCBs Using Routine Samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Pindado Jiménez ◽  
Susana García Alonso ◽  
Rosa María Pérez Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Water Sample ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Water Matrix ◽  
Constant Bias ◽  
Combined Uncertainty ◽  
Sediment Matrix ◽  
Analytical Protocols

This study aims at providing recommendations concerning the validation of analytical protocols by using routine samples. It is intended to provide a case-study on how to validate the analytical methods in different environmental matrices. In order to analyze the selected compounds (pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls) in two different environmental matrices, the current work has performed and validated two analytical procedures by GC-MS. A description is given of the validation of the two protocols by the analysis of more than 30 samples of water and sediments collected along nine months. The present work also scopes the uncertainty associated with both analytical protocols. In detail, uncertainty of water sample was performed through a conventional approach. However, for the sediments matrices, the estimation of proportional/constant bias is also included due to its inhomogeneity. Results for the sediment matrix are reliable, showing a range 25–35% of analytical variability associated with intermediate conditions. The analytical methodology for the water matrix determines the selected compounds with acceptable recoveries and the combined uncertainty ranges between 20 and 30%. Analyzing routine samples is rarely applied to assess trueness of novel analytical methods and up to now this methodology was not focused on organochlorine compounds in environmental matrices.

scholarly journals Use of Oxidative Stress Responses to Determine the Efficacy of Inactivation Treatments on Cryptosporidium Oocysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1463
Author(s):  
Tamirat Tefera Temesgen ◽  
Kristoffer Relling Tysnes ◽  
Lucy Jane Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocyst ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Oocyst Wall ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts

Cryptosporidium oocysts are known for being very robust, and their prolonged survival in the environment has resulted in outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis associated with the consumption of contaminated water or food. Although inactivation methods used for drinking water treatment, such as UV irradiation, can inactivate Cryptosporidium oocysts, they are not necessarily suitable for use with other environmental matrices, such as food. In order to identify alternative ways to inactivate Cryptosporidium oocysts, improved methods for viability assessment are needed. Here we describe a proof of concept for a novel approach for determining how effective inactivation treatments are at killing pathogens, such as the parasite Cryptosporidium. RNA sequencing was used to identify potential up-regulated target genes induced by oxidative stress, and a reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) protocol was developed to assess their up-regulation following exposure to different induction treatments. Accordingly, RT-qPCR protocols targeting thioredoxin and Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein 7 (COWP7) genes were evaluated on mixtures of viable and inactivated oocysts, and on oocysts subjected to various potential inactivation treatments such as freezing and chlorination. The results from the present proof-of-concept experiments indicate that this could be a useful tool in efforts towards assessing potential technologies for inactivating Cryptosporidium in different environmental matrices. Furthermore, this approach could also be used for similar investigations with other pathogens.

scholarly journals Newly Emerging Airborne Pollutants: Current Knowledge of Health Impact of Micro and Nanoplastics

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2997
Author(s):  
Alessio Facciolà ◽  
Giuseppa Visalli ◽  
Marianna Pruiti Ciarello ◽  
Angela Di Pietro
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Outdoor Exposure ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Bodily Fluids

Plastics are ubiquitous persistent pollutants, forming the most representative material of the Anthropocene. In the environment, they undergo wear and tear (i.e., mechanical fragmentation, and slow photo and thermo-oxidative degradation) forming secondary microplastics (MPs). Further fragmentation of primary and secondary MPs results in nanoplastics (NPs). To assess potential health damage due to human exposure to airborne MPs and NPs, we summarize the evidence collected to date that, however, has almost completely focused on monitoring and the effects of airborne MPs. Only in vivo and in vitro studies have assessed the toxicity of NPs, and a standardized method for their analysis in environmental matrices is still missing. The main sources of indoor and outdoor exposure to these pollutants include synthetic textile fibers, rubber tires, upholstery and household furniture, and landfills. Although both MPs and NPs can reach the alveolar surface, the latter can pass into the bloodstream, overcoming the pulmonary epithelial barrier. Despite the low reactivity, the number of surface area atoms per unit mass is high in MPs and NPs, greatly enhancing the surface area for chemical reactions with bodily fluids and tissue in direct contact. This is proven in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and flock workers, who are prone to persistent inflammatory stimulation, leading to pulmonary fibrosis or even carcinogenesis.

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