Synthesis, Characterization and Stabilization Analysis of Ferrofluid Based on Amazon Vegetable Copaifera O. L. Oil

The Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology develops several researches using nanostructures with magnetic properties. These nanostructures can have different physical properties depending on their composition and therefore can be used in various applications such as: drug markers and carriers, microelectronics, magnetic separations and environmental applications. Furthermore, the use of natural components in the synthesis of these nanostructures may come to complement these nanomaterials due to their underexplored properties and their renewable origin. This research will aim to carry out a pre-study to analyze the stability of magnetic fluids based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles functionalized with vegetable oil from the Copaifera SPP plant, known as Copaiba. Therefore, the Fe3O4 nanoparticles will be synthesized by the coprecipitation method by hydrolysis in an alkaline solution. Ferrofluid will be prepared by dispersing magnetic nanoparticles, at different concentrations, in the “in natura” oil. For the samples characterization measurements were taken of: UV-vis, FTIR, NIR spectrophotometry, XRD and Magnetic Susceptibility, the temporal analysis was recorded periodically, observing the possible stability of the samples. This work reports that the ferrofluid showed good stability and the magnetic properties associated with the nanoparticles the properties of the Amazon oil used.

Recovery of magnetite from low grade banded magnetite quartzite (BMQ) ore

There has been a steady increase of iron ore demand in the last few decades. This growing demand could be countered by use of low grade iron ore after beneficiation. Banded iron formations (BIF) are one of the resources of such low grade iron ores. Banded magnetite quartzite (BMQ) is one such BIF and a source of iron phase mineral in the form of magnetite. In the present study a low grade BMQ ore containing around 25.47% Fe was beneficiated for recovery of magnetite. XRD study shows that quartz, magnetite, hematite, and goethite are the major minerals phases present in the low grade BMQ sample. Unit operations such as crushing, scrubbing, grinding, and magnetic separations were used for recovering magnetite. Based on the large scale beneficiation studies the process flowsheet has been developed for enrichment of magnetite. It was found that with the help of developed process flowsheet it is possible to enrich Fe value up to 65.14% in the concentrate with a yield of 24.59%.

Analytical Methods and Bench Scale Preparative Bioseparations

The development of efficient and reliable processes for bioseparations is dependent on the availability of suitable analytical methods. This means it is important that work on analytical methodology for the bioproduct of interest starts at the very beginning of process development. Analytical studies are important throughout the development and scale up of the process, as changes can occur either to the product or to its associated impurities from what may be thought of as minor changes in the process. This chapter gives access to the vocabulary and techniques used in quality control and analytical development activities, starting with a description of specifications typically set for a pharmaceutical and the rationale behind them. Then, before discussing the assays themselves, we describe assay attributes, which can be measured and used to help not only the assay developer but also the biochemist and engineer responsible for developing downstream processes determine the usefulness and meaning of the assay. Finally, we turn to assays that are commonly applied in biotechnology, as they apply to biological activity, identity, and purity. These assays are the ultimate yardsticks by which the process is measured. Purification methods are developed for their ability to remove a contaminant from the product of interest, whether it is a related molecule, a contaminant related to a host organism, such as DNA or endotoxin, or a process contaminant, such as a residual solvent or water. Critical to understanding process performance is an understanding of how the assays that measure these contaminants have been developed, what the assay strengths and limitations are, and what they indicate and why. Electrophoresis and magnetic separation are two methods that are now used for the bench scale preparative purification of bioproducts, including living cells. The electrophoresis systems with the highest capacity are free-flow electrophoresis, density gradient electrophoresis, recycling free-flow isoelectric focusing, and rotating isoelectric focusing, and the principles of operation of these are discussed. The physical principles of magnetic separations are presented, as well as magnetic reagents and applications of magnetic separators.

Study on Recovering Iron from Shandong Red Mud Based on Gas Reduction Reaction

Based on Shandong Renping Bayer red mud as the raw material, analyzing its basic characteristics, the result is that the content of total iron in red mud is 29.55%. Gas-based high-temperature direct reduction experiments are made by using a gas mixture of CO and H2O as a reducing agent. And then the reduction effect was investigated by magnetic separation experiments, to realize that separation of iron minerals from red mud. The results show that the consequent of the magnetic separation is improved obviously with the temperature rising. Under these conditions, namely, the roasting temperature being 1050°C, the roasting time lasting 90 minutes, the reduction gas rate being 0.7 m3/min, the magnetic field being 2.2A, and three magnetic separations, the iron recovery ratio in red mud is over 97%.