scholarly journals A Fatty Acids Mixture Reduces Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Infant Rats Mediated by GABAA Receptors

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blandina Bernal-Morales ◽  
Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo ◽  
Gabriel Guillén-Ruiz ◽  
Juan F. Rodríguez-Landa ◽  
Carlos M. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Gabaergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Infant Rats ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Defensive Burying ◽  
Young Offspring

Fatty acids (C6–C18) found in human amniotic fluid, colostrum, and maternal milk reduce behavioral indicators of experimental anxiety in adult Wistar rats. Unknown, however, is whether the anxiolytic-like effects of fatty acids provide a natural mechanism against anxiety in young offspring. The present study assessed the anxiolytic-like effect of a mixture of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, and linoleic acid in Wistar rats on postnatal day 28. Infant rats were subjected to the elevated plus maze, defensive burying test, and locomotor activity test. Diazepam was used as a reference anxiolytic drug. A group that was pretreated with picrotoxin was used to explore the participation of γ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors in the anxiolytic-like effects. Similar to diazepam, the fatty acid mixture significantly increased the frequency of entries into and time spent on the open arms of the elevated plus maze and decreased burying behavior in the defensive burying test, without producing significant changes in spontaneous locomotor activity. These anxiolytic-like effects were blocked by picrotoxin. Results suggest that these fatty acids that are contained in maternal fluid may reduce anxiety-like behavior by modulating GABAergic neurotransmission in infant 28-day-old rats.

scholarly journals Myristic Acid Produces Anxiolytic-Like Effects in Wistar Rats in the Elevated Plus Maze

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Contreras ◽  
Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa ◽  
Rosa Isela García-Ríos ◽  
Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo ◽  
Gabriel Guillen-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Human Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Plus Maze

A mixture of eight fatty acids (linoleic, palmitic, stearic, myristic, elaidic, lauric, oleic, and palmitoleic acids) at similar concentrations identified in human amniotic fluid produces anxiolytic-like effects comparable to diazepam in Wistar rats. However, individual effects of each fatty acid remain unexplored. In Wistar rats, we evaluated the separate action of each fatty acid at the corresponding concentrations previously found in human amniotic fluid on anxiety-like behaviour. Individual effects were compared with vehicle, an artificial mixture of the same eight fatty acids, and a reference anxiolytic drug (diazepam, 2 mg/kg). Myristic acid, the fatty acid mixture, and diazepam increased the time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze and reduced the anxiety index compared with vehicle, without altering general locomotor activity. The other fatty acids had no effect on anxiety-like behaviour, but oleic acid reduced locomotor activity. Additionally, myristic acid produced anxiolytic-like effects only when the concentration corresponded to the one identified in human amniotic fluid (30 𝜇g/mL) but did not alter locomotor activity. We conclude that of the eight fatty acids contained in the fatty acid mixture, only myristic acid produces anxiolytic-like effects when administered individually at a similar concentration detected in human amniotic fluid.

scholarly journals Participation ofGABAAChloride Channels in the Anxiolytic-Like Effects of a Fatty Acid Mixture

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa ◽  
Rosa Isela García-Ríos ◽  
Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo ◽  
Blandina Bernal-Morales ◽  
Carlos M. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Chloride Channels ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Gaba Binding ◽  
Defensive Burying

Human amniotic fluid and a mixture of eight fatty acids (FAT-M) identified in this maternal fluid (C12:0, lauric acid, 0.9 μg%; C14:0, myristic acid, 6.9 μg%; C16:0, palmitic acid, 35.3 μg%; C16:1, palmitoleic acid, 16.4 μg%; C18:0, stearic acid, 8.5 μg%; C18:1cis, oleic acid, 18.4 μg%; C18:1trans, elaidic acid, 3.5 μg%; C18:2, linoleic acid, 10.1 μg%) produce anxiolytic-like effects that are comparable to diazepam in Wistar rats, suggesting the involvement ofγ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors, a possibility not yet explored. Wistar rats were subjected to the defensive burying test, elevated plus maze, and open field test. In different groups, threeGABAAreceptor antagonists were administered 30 min before FAT-M administration, including the competitive GABA binding antagonist bicuculline (1 mg/kg),GABAAbenzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil (5 mg/kg), and noncompetitiveGABAAchloride channel antagonist picrotoxin (1 mg/kg). The FAT-M exerted anxiolytic-like effects in the defensive burying test and elevated plus maze, without affecting locomotor activity in the open field test. TheGABAAantagonists alone did not produce significant changes in the behavioral tests. Picrotoxin but not bicuculline or flumazenil blocked the anxiolytic-like effect of the FAT-M. Based on the specific blocking action of picrotoxin on the effects of the FAT-M, we conclude that the FAT-M exerted its anxiolytic-like effects throughGABAAreceptor chloride channels.

Augmented voluntary consumption of ethanol induced by reward downshift increases locomotor activity of male Wistar rats in the elevated plus maze

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocio Donaire ◽  
Shannon E. Conrad ◽  
Joanna B. Thompson ◽  
Mauricio R. Papini ◽  
Carmen Torres
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

scholarly journals Anxiolytic-Like Actions of Fatty Acids Identified in Human Amniotic Fluid

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Isela García-Ríos ◽  
Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa ◽  
Carlos M. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Human Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
Defensive Burying ◽  
Dose Response Effect

Eight fatty acids (C12–C18) were previously identified in human amniotic fluid, colostrum, and milk in similar proportions but different amounts. Amniotic fluid is well known to be the natural environment for development in mammals. Interestingly, amniotic fluid and an artificial mixture of fatty acids contained in amniotic fluid produce similar anxiolytic-like actions in Wistar rats. We explored whether the lowest amount of fatty acids contained in amniotic fluid with respect to colostrum and milk produces such anxiolytic-like effects. Although a trend toward a dose-response effect was observed, only an amount of fatty acids that was similar to amniotic fluid fully mimicked the effect of diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.) in the defensive burying test, an action devoid of effects on locomotor activity and motor coordination. Our results confirm that the amount of fatty acids contained in amniotic fluid is sufficient to produce anxiolytic-like effects, suggesting similar actions during intrauterine development.

scholarly journals Synergistic Action of Sodium Selenite with some Antidepressants and Diazepam in Mice

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Ewa Kędzierska ◽  
Lila Dąbkowska ◽  
Paweł Obierzyński ◽  
Magdalena Polakowska ◽  
Ewa Poleszak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
Antidepressant Action

Background: The antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of selenium (Se) have been proven in many studies. This work was aimed at confirming these activities of its inorganic form—sodium selenite—and examining the possible synergy of action with antidepressants and diazepam. Methods: The antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like activity of Se was assessed using forced swim tests (FSTs) and elevated plus-maze test (EPMs). Spontaneous locomotor activity was measured using photoresistor actimeters. The experiments were conducted on male Albino Swiss mice. Results: Sodium selenite (0.5 mg/kg) reduced the immobility time in the FSTs and extended time spent in the open arms of EPMs without affecting locomotor activity The combined administration of Se at an ineffective dose (0.25 mg/kg) together with imipramine (15 mg/kg), fluoxetine (5 mg/kg), tianeptine (10 mg/kg), but not with reboxetine (2.5 mg/kg), resulted in a reduction of immobility time in FSTs, and with a threshold dose of diazepam (0.25 mg/kg) led to the prolongation of time spent in the open arms of the EPM. Moreover, the antidepressant-like effect of Se (0.5 mg/kg) was significantly reduced by pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine (100 mg/kg). Conclusions: The results may indicate the participation of serotonergic transmission to antidepressant action of Se and GABA-ergic transmission to its anxiolytic effects.

scholarly journals Sensitivity to diazepam after a single session of forced swim stress in weaning Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blandina Bernal-Morales ◽  
Gabriel Guillén-Ruiz ◽  
Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo ◽  
Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa ◽  
Carlos M. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Minimum Effective Dose ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Stressed Group ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Forced Swim Stress

Abstract The present study investigated the sensitivity to stress and diazepam in weaning (21-day old) Wistar rats. A single 15-min session of forced swimming was used to induce anxiety-like behavior. The group that was forced to swim exhibited an increase in anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT) compared to the non-stressed group. Diazepam (1 h before the tests) reduced anxiety-like behavior in rats forced to swim compared to the vehicle stressed group. The dose-response curve for diazepam indicated that the 0.5 mg kg−1 dose (1 h before the EPM and OFT) was the minimum effective dose in reducing anxiety-like behavior without altering locomotor activity in weaning rats. These results indicate that weaning rats can develop anxiety-like behavior after a brief, single session of stress, and that rats at this age are seemingly more sensitive to diazepam than adult rats, which may be taken into account for clinical applications.

Effects of Ethanol, Chlordiazepoxide, and MK-801 on Performance in the Elevated-Plus Maze and on Locomotor Activity

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 596-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh E. Criswell ◽  
Darin J. Knapp ◽  
David H. Overstreet ◽  
George R. Breese
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Mk 801 ◽  
Plus Maze

Nicotine-induced anxiogenic-like behaviours of rats in the elevated plus-maze: possible role of NMDA receptors of the central amygdala

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Zarrindast ◽  
Arash Aghamohammadi-Sereshki ◽  
Ameneh Rezayof ◽  
Parvin Rostami
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Nmda Receptors ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Nmda Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Central Amygdala ◽  
Receptor System ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The objective of the present study was to investigate the possible role of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor system of the central amygdala (CeA) in the anxiogenic-like effect of nicotine. Male Wistar rats with cannulas aimed to the CeA were submitted to the elevated plus-maze (EPM). Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of nicotine (0.6 and 0.8 mg/kg) decreased percentage open arm time spent (%OAT) and percentage open arm entries (%OAE), but not locomotor activity, indicating an anxiogenic-like response. Bilateral intra-CeA microinjection of NMDA (0.005–0.1 μ g/rat) decreased %OAT, but not %OAE and locomotor activity. Moreover, intra-CeA microinjection of NMDA (0.05 μ g) with an ineffective dose of nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced %OAT and %OAE without effect on locomotor activity. On the other hand, intra-CeA microinjection of the NMDA receptor antagonist D-AP5 (0.05–0.5 μ g/rat) increased both %OAT and %OAE, showing an anxiolytic-like effect of the drug. Co-administration of the same doses of D-AP5 with nicotine (0.6 mg/kg, i.p.) increased %OAT and %OAE, but not locomotor activity. Intra-CeA microinjection of D-AP5 reversed the response induced by NMDA (0.1 μ g/rat) in the EPM. The results may support the possible involvement of glutamate transmission, through NMDA receptors of central amygdala in the anxiogenic-like effect of nicotine in the EPM task.

Effect of electrical stimulation of the baso-lateral amygdala nucleus on defensive burying shock probe test and elevated plus maze in rats

Life Sciences ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 819-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A Saldı́var-González ◽  
A Posadas-Andrews ◽  
R Rodrı́guez ◽  
C Gómez ◽  
M.E Hernández-Manjarrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Lateral Amygdala ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Probe Test ◽  
Defensive Burying ◽  
Stimulation Of
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