scholarly journals Myristic Acid Produces Anxiolytic-Like Effects in Wistar Rats in the Elevated Plus Maze

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Contreras ◽  
Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa ◽  
Rosa Isela García-Ríos ◽  
Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo ◽  
Gabriel Guillen-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Human Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Plus Maze

A mixture of eight fatty acids (linoleic, palmitic, stearic, myristic, elaidic, lauric, oleic, and palmitoleic acids) at similar concentrations identified in human amniotic fluid produces anxiolytic-like effects comparable to diazepam in Wistar rats. However, individual effects of each fatty acid remain unexplored. In Wistar rats, we evaluated the separate action of each fatty acid at the corresponding concentrations previously found in human amniotic fluid on anxiety-like behaviour. Individual effects were compared with vehicle, an artificial mixture of the same eight fatty acids, and a reference anxiolytic drug (diazepam, 2 mg/kg). Myristic acid, the fatty acid mixture, and diazepam increased the time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze and reduced the anxiety index compared with vehicle, without altering general locomotor activity. The other fatty acids had no effect on anxiety-like behaviour, but oleic acid reduced locomotor activity. Additionally, myristic acid produced anxiolytic-like effects only when the concentration corresponded to the one identified in human amniotic fluid (30 𝜇g/mL) but did not alter locomotor activity. We conclude that of the eight fatty acids contained in the fatty acid mixture, only myristic acid produces anxiolytic-like effects when administered individually at a similar concentration detected in human amniotic fluid.

scholarly journals A Fatty Acids Mixture Reduces Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Infant Rats Mediated by GABAA Receptors

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blandina Bernal-Morales ◽  
Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo ◽  
Gabriel Guillén-Ruiz ◽  
Juan F. Rodríguez-Landa ◽  
Carlos M. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Gabaergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Infant Rats ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Defensive Burying ◽  
Young Offspring

Fatty acids (C6–C18) found in human amniotic fluid, colostrum, and maternal milk reduce behavioral indicators of experimental anxiety in adult Wistar rats. Unknown, however, is whether the anxiolytic-like effects of fatty acids provide a natural mechanism against anxiety in young offspring. The present study assessed the anxiolytic-like effect of a mixture of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, and linoleic acid in Wistar rats on postnatal day 28. Infant rats were subjected to the elevated plus maze, defensive burying test, and locomotor activity test. Diazepam was used as a reference anxiolytic drug. A group that was pretreated with picrotoxin was used to explore the participation of γ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors in the anxiolytic-like effects. Similar to diazepam, the fatty acid mixture significantly increased the frequency of entries into and time spent on the open arms of the elevated plus maze and decreased burying behavior in the defensive burying test, without producing significant changes in spontaneous locomotor activity. These anxiolytic-like effects were blocked by picrotoxin. Results suggest that these fatty acids that are contained in maternal fluid may reduce anxiety-like behavior by modulating GABAergic neurotransmission in infant 28-day-old rats.

scholarly journals Anxiolytic-Like Actions of Fatty Acids Identified in Human Amniotic Fluid

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Isela García-Ríos ◽  
Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa ◽  
Carlos M. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Human Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
Defensive Burying ◽  
Dose Response Effect

Eight fatty acids (C12–C18) were previously identified in human amniotic fluid, colostrum, and milk in similar proportions but different amounts. Amniotic fluid is well known to be the natural environment for development in mammals. Interestingly, amniotic fluid and an artificial mixture of fatty acids contained in amniotic fluid produce similar anxiolytic-like actions in Wistar rats. We explored whether the lowest amount of fatty acids contained in amniotic fluid with respect to colostrum and milk produces such anxiolytic-like effects. Although a trend toward a dose-response effect was observed, only an amount of fatty acids that was similar to amniotic fluid fully mimicked the effect of diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.) in the defensive burying test, an action devoid of effects on locomotor activity and motor coordination. Our results confirm that the amount of fatty acids contained in amniotic fluid is sufficient to produce anxiolytic-like effects, suggesting similar actions during intrauterine development.

scholarly journals Participation ofGABAAChloride Channels in the Anxiolytic-Like Effects of a Fatty Acid Mixture

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa ◽  
Rosa Isela García-Ríos ◽  
Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo ◽  
Blandina Bernal-Morales ◽  
Carlos M. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Chloride Channels ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Gaba Binding ◽  
Defensive Burying

Human amniotic fluid and a mixture of eight fatty acids (FAT-M) identified in this maternal fluid (C12:0, lauric acid, 0.9 μg%; C14:0, myristic acid, 6.9 μg%; C16:0, palmitic acid, 35.3 μg%; C16:1, palmitoleic acid, 16.4 μg%; C18:0, stearic acid, 8.5 μg%; C18:1cis, oleic acid, 18.4 μg%; C18:1trans, elaidic acid, 3.5 μg%; C18:2, linoleic acid, 10.1 μg%) produce anxiolytic-like effects that are comparable to diazepam in Wistar rats, suggesting the involvement ofγ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors, a possibility not yet explored. Wistar rats were subjected to the defensive burying test, elevated plus maze, and open field test. In different groups, threeGABAAreceptor antagonists were administered 30 min before FAT-M administration, including the competitive GABA binding antagonist bicuculline (1 mg/kg),GABAAbenzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil (5 mg/kg), and noncompetitiveGABAAchloride channel antagonist picrotoxin (1 mg/kg). The FAT-M exerted anxiolytic-like effects in the defensive burying test and elevated plus maze, without affecting locomotor activity in the open field test. TheGABAAantagonists alone did not produce significant changes in the behavioral tests. Picrotoxin but not bicuculline or flumazenil blocked the anxiolytic-like effect of the FAT-M. Based on the specific blocking action of picrotoxin on the effects of the FAT-M, we conclude that the FAT-M exerted its anxiolytic-like effects throughGABAAreceptor chloride channels.

Anxiolytic-like effects of human amniotic fluid and its fatty acids in wistar rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 655-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Contreras ◽  
Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa ◽  
Ana G. Gutiérrez-García ◽  
M. Remedios Mendoza-López ◽  
Rosa Isela García-Ríos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Human Amniotic Fluid

scholarly journals Rumen simulation technique study on the interactions of dietary lauric and myristic acid supplementation in suppressing ruminal methanogenesis

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla R. Soliva ◽  
Leo Meile ◽  
Adam Cieślak ◽  
Michael Kreuzer ◽  
Andrea Machmüller
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Mixture ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Fibre Degradation

The interactions of lauric (C12) and myristic acid (C14) in suppressing ruminal methanogenesis and methanogens were investigated with the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) using bovine ruminal fluid. The fatty acids were added to basal substrates (grass hay:concentrate, 1:1.5) at a level of 48 g/kg DM, provided in C12:C14ratios of 5:0, 4:1, 3:2, 2·5:2.5, 2:3, 1:4 and 0:5. Additionally, an unsupplemented control consisting of the basal substrates only was employed. Incubation periods lasted for 15 (n4) and 25 (n2) d. CH4formation was depressed by any fatty acid mixture containing at least 40 % C12, and effects persisted over the complete incubation periods. The greatest depression (70 % relative to control) occurred with a C12:C14ratio of 4:1, whereas the second most effective treatment in suppressing CH4production (60 % relative to control) was found with a ratio of 3:2. Total methanogenic counts were decreased by those mixtures of C12and C14also successful in suppressing methanogenesis, the 4:1 treatment being most efficient (60 % decline). With this treatment in particular, the composition of the methanogenic population was altered in such a way that the proportion ofMethanococcalesincreased andMethanobacterialesdecreased. Initially, CH4suppression was associated with a decreased fibre degradation, which, however, was reversed after 10 d of incubation. The present study demonstrated a clear synergistic effect of mixtures of C12and C14in suppressing methanogenesis, mediated probably by direct inhibitory effects of the fatty acids on the methanogens.

Augmented voluntary consumption of ethanol induced by reward downshift increases locomotor activity of male Wistar rats in the elevated plus maze

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocio Donaire ◽  
Shannon E. Conrad ◽  
Joanna B. Thompson ◽  
Mauricio R. Papini ◽  
Carmen Torres
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

scholarly journals The effect of linseed oil supplementation of the diet on the content of fatty acids in the egg yolk

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Hudečková ◽  
Lucie Rusníková ◽  
Eva Straková ◽  
Pavel Suchý ◽  
Petr Marada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heptadecanoic Acid ◽  
Egg Yolks ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two different types of oils in diet on the fatty acid profile in the eggs of layers and to include a particular type of oil as a supplement of feeding mixtures for layers in order to support the development of functional foodstuffs. Thirty layers fed a diet containing soybean oil constituted the control group (soybean oil is the most frequently used oil added to feeding mixtures). In the experimental group (thirty layers), soybean oil was replaced with linseed oil at the same amount (3 kg of oil per 100 kg of feeding mixture). Feeding was provided ad libitum for all days of the month. After one month, egg yolks were analysed and the fatty acid profile was compared. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were found in the concentration of myristic acid that belongs to the group of saturated fatty acids. Eggs in the experimental group showed higher concentrations of myristic acid compared to the control group (0.20 g/100 g of fat and 0.18 g/100 g of fat, respectively). Highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) were found for heptadecanoic acid but the trend was opposite to that of myristic acid; concentrations of heptadecanoic acid in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group. Highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) were found for n-9 monounsaturated fatty acids where egg yolks in eggs from layers fed linseed oil contained higher concentrations of oleic acid, myristoleic acid, and palmitoleic acid. Lower concentrations of n-6 fatty acids (P ≤ 0.01) were found after the addition of linseed oil in eggs. Linseed oil showed a positive effect on n-3 fatty acids (α-linolenic acid), its concentration in the control and experimental group was 0.82 g/100 g of fat and 5.63 g/100 g of fat, respectively. The possibility of influencing the fatty acid profile in eggs is very important for the development of functional foods.

scholarly journals Synergistic Action of Sodium Selenite with some Antidepressants and Diazepam in Mice

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Ewa Kędzierska ◽  
Lila Dąbkowska ◽  
Paweł Obierzyński ◽  
Magdalena Polakowska ◽  
Ewa Poleszak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
Antidepressant Action

Background: The antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of selenium (Se) have been proven in many studies. This work was aimed at confirming these activities of its inorganic form—sodium selenite—and examining the possible synergy of action with antidepressants and diazepam. Methods: The antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like activity of Se was assessed using forced swim tests (FSTs) and elevated plus-maze test (EPMs). Spontaneous locomotor activity was measured using photoresistor actimeters. The experiments were conducted on male Albino Swiss mice. Results: Sodium selenite (0.5 mg/kg) reduced the immobility time in the FSTs and extended time spent in the open arms of EPMs without affecting locomotor activity The combined administration of Se at an ineffective dose (0.25 mg/kg) together with imipramine (15 mg/kg), fluoxetine (5 mg/kg), tianeptine (10 mg/kg), but not with reboxetine (2.5 mg/kg), resulted in a reduction of immobility time in FSTs, and with a threshold dose of diazepam (0.25 mg/kg) led to the prolongation of time spent in the open arms of the EPM. Moreover, the antidepressant-like effect of Se (0.5 mg/kg) was significantly reduced by pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine (100 mg/kg). Conclusions: The results may indicate the participation of serotonergic transmission to antidepressant action of Se and GABA-ergic transmission to its anxiolytic effects.

scholarly journals Ruminant fat intake improves gut microbiota, serum inflammatory parameter and fatty acid profile in tissues of Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa de Brito Medeiros ◽  
Susana Paula Almeida Alves ◽  
Rui José Branquinho de Bessa ◽  
Juliana Késsia Barbosa Soares ◽  
Camila Neves Meireles Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Diet Intake ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis that naturally and industrially produced trans-fatty acids can exert distinct effects on metabolic parameters and on gut microbiota of rats. Wistar rats were randomized into three groups according to the diet: CONT-control, with 5% soybean oil and normal amount of fat; HVF-20% of hydrogenated vegetable fat (industrial); and RUM-20% of ruminant fat (natural). After 53 days of treatment, serum biochemical markers, fatty acid composition of liver, heart and adipose tissue, histology and hepatic oxidative parameters, as well as gut microbiota composition were evaluated. HVF diet intake reduced triglycerides (≈ 39.39%) and VLDL levels (≈ 39.49%). Trans-fatty acids levels in all tissue were higher in HVF group. However, RUM diet intake elevated amounts of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (≈ 14.7%) compared to CONT, but not to HVF. Furthermore, RUM intake led to higher concentrations of stearic acid and conjugated linoleic acid in all tissue; this particular diet was associated with a hepatoprotective effect. The microbial gut communities were significantly different among the groups. Our results show that ruminant fat reversed the hepatic steatosis normally caused by high fat diets, which may be related to the remodelling of the gut microbiota and its anti-inflammatory potential.

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