scholarly journals NURR1 Downregulation Favors Osteoblastic Differentiation of MSCs

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Di Benedetto ◽  
Francesca Posa ◽  
Claudia Carbone ◽  
Stefania Cantore ◽  
Giacomina Brunetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Dopaminergic Neuron ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
Matrix Deposition ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Mineral Matrix ◽  
Osteoblast Markers

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified in human dental tissues. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were classified within MSC family, are multipotent, can be isolated from adult teeth, and have been shown to differentiate, under particular conditions, into various cell types including osteoblasts. In this work, we investigated how the differentiation process of DPSCs toward osteoblasts is controlled. Recent literature data attributed to the nuclear receptor related 1 (NURR1), a still unclarified role in osteoblast differentiation, while NURR1 is primarily involved in dopaminergic neuron differentiation and activity. Thus, in order to verify if NURR1 had a role in DPSC osteoblastic differentiation, we silenced it during all the processes and compared the expression of the main osteoblastic markers with control cultures. Our results showed that the inhibition of NURR1 significantly increased the expression of osteoblast markers collagen I and alkaline phosphatase. Further, in long time cultures, the mineral matrix deposition was strongly enhanced in NURR1-silenced cultures. These results suggest that NURR1 plays a key role in switching DPSC differentiation toward osteoblasts rather than neuronal or even other cell lines. In conclusion, DPSCs represent a source of osteoblast-like cells and downregulation of NURR1 strongly prompted their differentiation toward the osteoblastogenesis process.

scholarly journals The Myokine Irisin Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Dental Bud-Derived MSCs

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Francesca Posa ◽  
Graziana Colaianni ◽  
Michele Di Cosola ◽  
Manuela Dicarlo ◽  
Francesco Gaccione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Matrix Deposition ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Enhanced Expression

The myokine irisin, well known for its anabolic effect on bone tissue, has been demonstrated to positively act on osteoblastic differentiation processes in vitro. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have captured great attention in precision medicine and translational research for several decades due to their differentiation capacity, potent immunomodulatory properties, and their ability to be easily cultured and manipulated. Dental bud stem cells (DBSCs) are MSCs, isolated from dental tissues, that can effectively undergo osteoblastic differentiation. In this study, we analyzed, for the first time, the effects of irisin on DBSC osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Our results indicated that DBSCs were responsive to irisin, showed an enhanced expression of osteocalcin (OCN), a late marker of osteoblast differentiation, and displayed a greater mineral matrix deposition. These findings lead to deepening the mechanism of action of this promising molecule, as part of osteoblastogenesis process. Considering the in vivo studies of the effects of irisin on skeleton, irisin could improve bone tissue metabolism in MSC regenerative procedures.

scholarly journals Integrated Patterning Programs During Drosophila Development Generate the Diversity of Neurons and Control Their Mature Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony M. Rossi ◽  
Shadi Jafari ◽  
Claude Desplan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Temporal Patterning ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Neuronal Types ◽  
And Control

During the approximately 5 days of Drosophila neurogenesis (late embryogenesis to the beginning of pupation), a limited number of neural stem cells produce approximately 200,000 neurons comprising hundreds of cell types. To build a functional nervous system, neuronal types need to be produced in the proper places, appropriate numbers, and correct times. We discuss how neural stem cells (neuroblasts) obtain so-called area codes for their positions in the nervous system (spatial patterning) and how they keep time to sequentially produce neurons with unique fates (temporal patterning). We focus on specific examples that demonstrate how a relatively simple patterning system (Notch) can be used reiteratively to generate different neuronal types. We also speculate on how different modes of temporal patterning that operate over short versus long time periods might be linked. We end by discussing how specification programs are integrated and lead to the terminal features of different neuronal types. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Neuroscience, Volume 44 is July 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals A Dedifferentiation Strategy to Enhance the Osteogenic Potential of Dental Derived Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Paduano ◽  
Elisabetta Aiello ◽  
Paul Roy Cooper ◽  
Benedetta Marrelli ◽  
Irina Makeeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Numerous Cell ◽  
First Time

Dental stem cells (DSCs) holds the ability to differentiate into numerous cell types. This property makes these cells particularly appropriate for therapeutic use in regenerative medicine. We report evidence that when DSCs undergo osteogenic differentiation, the osteoblast-like cells can be reverted back to a stem-like state and then further differentiated toward the osteogenic phenotype again, without gene manipulation. We have investigated two different MSCs types, both from dental tissues: dental follicle progenitor stem cells (DFPCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). After osteogenic differentiation, both DFPCs and DPSCs can be reverted to a naïve stem cell-like status; importantly, dedifferentiated DSCs showed a greater potential to further differentiate toward the osteogenic phenotype. Our report aims to demonstrate for the first time that it is possible, under physiological conditions, to control the dedifferentiation of DSCs and that the rerouting of cell fate could potentially be used to enhance their osteogenic therapeutic potential. Significantly, this study first validates the use of dedifferentiated DSCs as an alternative source for bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Detection, Characterization, and Clinical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Periodontal Ligament Tissue

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Tomokiyo ◽  
Shinichiro Yoshida ◽  
Sayuri Hamano ◽  
Daigaku Hasegawa ◽  
Hideki Sugii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Stem Cell Population ◽  
Tooth Root ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Multiple Cell

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a kind of somatic stem cells that exert a potential to differentiate into multiple cell types and undergo robust clonal self-renewal; therefore, they are considered as a highly promising stem cell population for tissue engineering. MSCs are identified in various adult organs including dental tissues. Periodontal ligament (PDL) is a highly specialized connective tissue that surrounds the tooth root. PDL also contains MSC population, and many researchers have isolated them and performed their detailed characterization. Here, we review the current understanding of the features and functions of MSC population in PDL tissues and discuss their possibility for the application of PDL regeneration.

scholarly journals Dental Stem Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Neha Vashisht ◽  
Divy Vashisht
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Tooth Regeneration ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Dental Tissues

While the regeneration of a lost tissue is known to mankind for several years, it is only in the recent past that research on regenerative medicine/dentistry has gained momentum and eluded the dramatic yet scientific advancements in the field of molecular biology. The growing understanding of biological concepts in the regeneration of oral/dental tissues coupled with experiments on stem cells is likely to result in a paradigm shift in the therapeutic armamentarium of dental and oral diseases culminating in an intense search for “biological solutions to biological problems.” Stem cells have been successfully isolated from variety of human tissues including orofacial tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells which differentiate into a variety of cell types. The potential MSCs for tooth regeneration mainly include stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), adult dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from apical part of the papilla (SCAPs), stem cells from the dental follicle (DFSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). This review article outlines the recent progress in mesenchymal stem cells used in tooth regeneration.

scholarly journals Dental Tissue-Derived Stem Cells as a Candidate for Neural Regeneration

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Malekzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Amin Edalatmanesh ◽  
Davood Mehrabani ◽  
Mehrdad Shariati ◽  
Sima Malekzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Neural Regeneration ◽  
Dental Stem Cells ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Dental Tissues

In recent years, stem cell therapy tried to improve the life of patients that suffer from neurodegenerative disease, like Alzheimer's disease. Although teeth are non-essential for life, but the dental tissues are an important source of mesenchymal stem cells that are suitable for neural regeneration. The studies showed that dental stem cells (DSCs) have the potential to differentiate into several cell types that among the most important is neural progenitor. In this review article, discusses the types of dental stem cells and then focused on application of dental stem cells on neural regeneration.

scholarly journals Innovative Dental Stem Cell-Based Research Approaches: The Future of Dentistry

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayee Miran ◽  
Thimios A. Mitsiadis ◽  
Pierfrancesco Pagella
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Regenerative Dentistry ◽  
Potential Applications

Over the past decade, the dental field has benefited from recent findings in stem cell biology and tissue engineering that led to the elaboration of novel ideas and concepts for the regeneration of dental tissues or entire new teeth. In particular, stem cell-based regenerative approaches are extremely promising since they aim at the full restoration of lost or damaged tissues, ensuring thus their functionality. These therapeutic approaches are already applied with success in clinics for the regeneration of other organs and consist of manipulation of stem cells and their administration to patients. Stem cells have the potential to self-renew and to give rise to a variety of cell types that ensure tissue repair and regeneration throughout life. During the last decades, several adult stem cell populations have been isolated from dental and periodontal tissues, characterized, and tested for their potential applications in regenerative dentistry. Here we briefly present the various stem cell-based treatment approaches and strategies that could be translated in dental practice and revolutionize dentistry.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Effects on Osteoblastic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Dental Tissues

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Posa ◽  
Adriana Di Benedetto ◽  
Graziana Colaianni ◽  
Elisabetta A. Cavalcanti-Adam ◽  
Giacomina Brunetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Immature Form

1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25(OH)2D3), the active metabolite of vitamin D (Vit D), increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate, maintaining a correct balance of bone remodeling. Vit D has an anabolic effect on the skeletal system and is key in promoting osteoblastic differentiation of human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) from bone marrow. MSCs can be also isolated from the immature form of the tooth, the dental bud: Dental Bud Stem Cells (DBSCs) are adult stem cells that can effectively undergo osteoblastic differentiation. In this work we investigated the effect of Vit D on DBSCs differentiation into osteoblasts. Our data demonstrate that DBSCs, cultured in an opportune osteogenic medium, differentiate into osteoblast-like cells; Vit D treatment stimulates their osteoblastic features, increasing the expression of typical markers of osteoblastogenesis like RUNX2 and Collagen I (Coll I) and, in a more important way, determining a higher production of mineralized matrix nodules.

CELL AND TISSUE THERAPY OF HEART

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-84
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Decellularized Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Tissue Therapy ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
A Site ◽  
Recipient Tissue

The strategy of heart tissue engineering is simple enough: first remove all the cells from a organ then take the protein scaffold left behind and repopulate it with stem cells immunologically matched to the patient in need. While various suc- cessful methods for decellularization have been developed, and the feasibility of using decellularized whole hearts and extracellular matrix to support cells has been demonstrated, the reality of creating whole hearts for transplantation and of clinical application of decellularized extracellular matrix-based scaffolds will require much more research. For example, further investigations into how lineage-restricted progenitors repopulate the decellularized heart and differentiate in a site-specific manner into different populations of the native heart would be essential. The scaffold heart does not have to be human. Pig hearts carries all the essential components of the extracellular matrix. Through trial and error, scaling up the concentration, timing and pressure of the detergents, researchers have refined the decellularization process on hundreds of hearts and other organs, but this is only the first step. Further, the framework must be populated with human cells. Most researchers in the field use a mixture of two or more cell types, such as endothelial precursor cells to line blood vessels and muscle progenitors to seed the walls of the chambers. The final challenge is one of the hardest: vasculariza- tion, placing a engineered heart into a living animal, integration with the recipient tissue, and keeping it beating for a long time. Much remains to be done before a bioartificial heart is available for transplantation in humans.

Stem Cell Cure for Kidney Injury: Therapy to Solve Most Complex Issues in Renal System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prithiv K R Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tissue Remodelling ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Renal Regeneration ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Renal failure is a major health problem. The mortality rate remain high despite of several therapies. The most complex of the renal issues are solved through stem cells. In this review, different mechanism for cure of chronic kidney injury along with cell engraftment incorporated into renal structures will be analysed. Paracrine activities of embryonic or induced Pluripotent stem cells are explored on the basis of stem cell-induced kidney regeneration. Several experiments have been conducted to advance stem cells to ensure the restoration of renal functions. More vigour and organised protocols for delivering stem cells is a possibility for advancement in treatment of renal disease. Also there is a need for pressing therapies to replicate the tissue remodelling and cellular repair processes suitable for renal organs. Stem cells are the undifferentiated cells that have the ability to multiply into several cell types. In vivo experiments on animal’s stem cells have shown significant improvements in the renal regeneration and functions of organs. Nevertheless more studies show several improvements in the kidney repair due to stem cell regeneration.

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