scholarly journals Innovative Dental Stem Cell-Based Research Approaches: The Future of Dentistry

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayee Miran ◽  
Thimios A. Mitsiadis ◽  
Pierfrancesco Pagella
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Regenerative Dentistry ◽  
Potential Applications

Over the past decade, the dental field has benefited from recent findings in stem cell biology and tissue engineering that led to the elaboration of novel ideas and concepts for the regeneration of dental tissues or entire new teeth. In particular, stem cell-based regenerative approaches are extremely promising since they aim at the full restoration of lost or damaged tissues, ensuring thus their functionality. These therapeutic approaches are already applied with success in clinics for the regeneration of other organs and consist of manipulation of stem cells and their administration to patients. Stem cells have the potential to self-renew and to give rise to a variety of cell types that ensure tissue repair and regeneration throughout life. During the last decades, several adult stem cell populations have been isolated from dental and periodontal tissues, characterized, and tested for their potential applications in regenerative dentistry. Here we briefly present the various stem cell-based treatment approaches and strategies that could be translated in dental practice and revolutionize dentistry.

scholarly journals The Winding Road of Cardiac Regeneration—Stem Cell Omics in the Spotlight

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miruna Mihaela Micheu ◽  
Alina Ioana Scarlatescu ◽  
Alexandru Scafa-Udriste ◽  
Maria Dorobantu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Cardiac Regeneration ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Omics Data

Despite significant progress in treating ischemic cardiac disease and succeeding heart failure, there is still an unmet need to develop effective therapeutic strategies given the persistent high-mortality rate. Advances in stem cell biology hold great promise for regenerative medicine, particularly for cardiac regeneration. Various cell types have been used both in preclinical and clinical studies to repair the injured heart, either directly or indirectly. Transplanted cells may act in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner to improve the myocyte survival and migration of remote and/or resident stem cells to the site of injury. Still, the molecular mechanisms regulating cardiac protection and repair are poorly understood. Stem cell fate is directed by multifaceted interactions between genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Decoding stem cells’ “panomic” data would provide a comprehensive picture of the underlying mechanisms, resulting in patient-tailored therapy. This review offers a critical analysis of omics data in relation to stem cell survival and differentiation. Additionally, the emerging role of stem cell-derived exosomes as “cell-free” therapy is debated. Last but not least, we discuss the challenges to retrieve and analyze the huge amount of publicly available omics data.

scholarly journals Circular RNAs in Stem Cells: from Basic Research to Clinical Implications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Juan Lu ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Guodong Yang ◽  
Cun-Jian Yi ◽  
Daping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a special class of endogenous RNAs with a wide variety of pathophysiological functions via diverse mechanisms, including transcription, miRNA sponge, protein sponge/decoy, and translation. Stem cells are pluripotent cells with unique properties of self-renewal and differentiation. Dysregulated circRNAs identified in various stem cell types can affect stem cell self-renewal and differentiation potential by manipulating stemness. However, the emerging roles of circRNAs in stem cells remain largely unknown. This review summarizes the major functions and mechanisms of action of circRNAs in stem cell biology and disease progression. We also highlight circRNAs-mediated common pathways in diverse stem cell types and discuss their diagnostic significance with respect to stem cell-based therapy.

The Emerging Role of Stem Cells in Regenerative Dentistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Capparè ◽  
Giulia Tetè ◽  
Maria Teresa Sberna ◽  
Paola Panina-Bordignon
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Cell Plasticity ◽  
Regenerative Dentistry ◽  
Cell Sources ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Progress of modern dentistry is accelerating at a spectacular speed in the scientific, technological and clinical areas. Practical examples are the advancement in the digital field, which has guaranteed an average level of prosthetic practices for all patients, as well as other scientific developments, including research on stem cell biology. Given their plasticity, defined as the ability to differentiate into specific cell lineages with a capacity of almost unlimited self-renewal and release of trophic/immunomodulatory factors, stem cells have gained significant scientific and commercial interest in the last 15 years. Stem cells that can be isolated from various tissues of the oral cavity have emerged as attractive sources for bone and dental regeneration, mainly due to their ease of accessibility. This review will present the current understanding of emerging conceptual and technological issues of the use of stem cells to treat bone and dental loss defects. In particular, we will focus on the clinical application of stem cells, either directly isolated from oral sources or in vitro reprogrammed from somatic cells (induced pluripotent stem cells). Research aimed at further unraveling stem cell plasticity will allow to identify optimal stem cell sources and characteristics, to develop novel regenerative tools in dentistry.

scholarly journals Role of Vibrational Spectroscopy in Stem Cell Research

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 167-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceren Aksoy ◽  
Feride Severcan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Vibrational Spectroscopy ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Monitoring Methods

Recent researches have mainly displayed the significant role of stem cells in tissue renewal and homeostasis with their unique capacity to develop different cell types. These findings have clarified the importance of stem cells to improve the effectiveness of any cell therapy for regenerative medicine. Identification of purity and differentiation stages of stem cells are the greatest challenges of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. The existing methods to carefully monitor and characterize the stem cells have some unwanted effects on the properties of stem cells, and these methods also do not provide real-time information about cellular conditions. These challenges enforce the usage of nondestructive, rapid, sensitive, high quality, label-free, cheep, and innovative chemical monitoring methods. In this context, vibrational spectroscopy provides promissing alternative to get new information into the field of stem cell biology for chemical analysis, quantification, and imaging of stem cells. Raman and infrared spectroscopy and imaging can be used as a new complimentary spectroscopic approaches to gain new insight into stem cell reseaches for future therapeutic and regenerative medicines. In this paper, recent developments in applications of vibrational spectroscopy techniques for stem cell characterization and identification are presented.

scholarly journals Neural Crest Stem Cells from Dental Tissues: A New Hope for Dental and Neural Regeneration

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaskon Ibarretxe ◽  
Olatz Crende ◽  
Maitane Aurrekoetxea ◽  
Victoria García-Murga ◽  
Javier Etxaniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Regeneration ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Regenerative Dentistry ◽  
Cord Injury

Several stem cell sources persist in the adult human body, which opens the doors to both allogeneic and autologous cell therapies. Tooth tissues have proven to be a surprisingly rich and accessible source of neural crest-derived ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs), which may be employed to repair disease-affected oral tissues in advanced regenerative dentistry. Additionally, one area of medicine that demands intensive research on new sources of stem cells is nervous system regeneration, since this constitutes a therapeutic hope for patients affected by highly invalidating conditions such as spinal cord injury, stroke, or neurodegenerative diseases. However, endogenous adult sources of neural stem cells present major drawbacks, such as their scarcity and complicated obtention. In this context, EMSCs from dental tissues emerge as good alternative candidates, since they are preserved in adult human individuals, and retain both high proliferation ability and a neural-like phenotypein vitro. In this paper, we discuss some important aspects of tissue regeneration by cell therapy and point out some advantages that EMSCs provide for dental and neural regeneration. We will finally review some of the latest research featuring experimental approaches and benefits of dental stem cell therapy.

scholarly journals An integrative proteomics method identifies a regulator of translation during stem cell maintenance and differentiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Sabatier ◽  
Christian M. Beusch ◽  
Amir A. Saei ◽  
Mike Aoun ◽  
Noah Moruzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Parental Cell ◽  
Parental Cell Line ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Web

AbstractDetailed characterization of cell type transitions is essential for cell biology in general and particularly for the development of stem cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine. To systematically study such transitions, we introduce a method that simultaneously measures protein expression and thermal stability changes in cells and provide the web-based visualization tool ProteoTracker. We apply our method to study differences between human pluripotent stem cells and several cell types including their parental cell line and differentiated progeny. We detect alterations of protein properties in numerous cellular pathways and components including ribosome biogenesis and demonstrate that modulation of ribosome maturation through SBDS protein can be helpful for manipulating cell stemness in vitro. Using our integrative proteomics approach and the web-based tool, we uncover a molecular basis for the uncoupling of robust transcription from parsimonious translation in stem cells and propose a method for maintaining pluripotency in vitro.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal stem cells in the dental tissues: perspectives for tissue regeneration

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Estrela ◽  
Ana Helena Gonçalves de Alencar ◽  
Gregory Thomas Kitten ◽  
Eneida Franco Vencio ◽  
Elisandra Gava
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Stem Cell Research ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Dental Stem Cell

In recent years, stem cell research has grown exponentially owing to the recognition that stem cell-based therapies have the potential to improve the life of patients with conditions that range from Alzheimer’s disease to cardiac ischemia and regenerative medicine, like bone or tooth loss. Based on their ability to rescue and/or repair injured tissue and partially restore organ function, multiple types of stem/progenitor cells have been speculated. Growing evidence demonstrates that stem cells are primarily found in niches and that certain tissues contain more stem cells than others. Among these tissues, the dental tissues are considered a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells that are suitable for tissue engineering applications. It is known that these stem cells have the potential to differentiate into several cell types, including odontoblasts, neural progenitors, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. In dentistry, stem cell biology and tissue engineering are of great interest since may provide an innovative for generation of clinical material and/or tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells were demonstrated in dental tissues, including dental pulp, periodontal ligament, dental papilla, and dental follicle. These stem cells can be isolated and grown under defined tissue culture conditions, and are potential cells for use in tissue engineering, including, dental tissue, nerves and bone regeneration. More recently, another source of stem cell has been successfully generated from human somatic cells into a pluripotent stage, the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), allowing creation of patient- and disease-specific stem cells. Collectively, the multipotency, high proliferation rates, and accessibility make the dental stem cell an attractive source of mesenchymal stem cells for tissue regeneration. This review describes new findings in the field of dental stem cell research and on their potential use in the tissue regeneration.

Stem Cells: In Sickness and in Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisham F. Bahmada ◽  
Mohamad K. Elajami ◽  
Reem Daouk ◽  
Hiba Jalloul ◽  
Batoul Darwish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

: Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the ability to proliferate and convert to different types of differentiated cells that make up the various tissues and organs in the body. They exist both in embryos as pluripotent stem cells that can differentiate into the three germ layers and as multipotent or unipotent stem cells in adult tissues to aid in repair and homeostasis. Perturbations in these cells’ normal functions can give rise to a wide variety of diseases. In this review, we discuss the origin of different stem cell types, their properties and characteristics, their role in tissue homeostasis, current research, and their potential applications in various life-threatening diseases. We focus on neural stem cells, their role in neurogenesis and how they can be exploited to treat diseases of the brain including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Next, we explore current research in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) techniques and their clinical applications in regenerative and personalized medicine. Lastly, we tackle a special type of stem cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs) and how they can be responsible for therapy resistance and tumor recurrence and explore ways to target them.

scholarly journals Therapeutic potential of dental stem cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 204173141770253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elna Paul Chalisserry ◽  
Seung Yun Nam ◽  
Sang Hyug Park ◽  
Sukumaran Anil
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Dental Stem Cells ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽  
Dental Tissues

Stem cell biology has become an important field in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering therapy since the discovery and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells. Stem cell populations have also been isolated from human dental tissues, including dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, stem cells from apical papilla, dental follicle progenitor cells, and periodontal ligament stem cells. Dental stem cells are relatively easily obtainable and exhibit high plasticity and multipotential capabilities. The dental stem cells represent a gold standard for neural-crest-derived bone reconstruction in humans and can be used for the repair of body defects in low-risk autologous therapeutic strategies. The bioengineering technologies developed for tooth regeneration will make substantial contributions to understand the developmental process and will encourage future organ replacement by regenerative therapies in a wide variety of organs such as the liver, kidney, and heart. The concept of developing tooth banking and preservation of dental stem cells is promising. Further research in the area has the potential to herald a new dawn in effective treatment of notoriously difficult diseases which could prove highly beneficial to mankind in the long run.

scholarly journals Stem Cells in Dentistry: Types of Intra- and Extraoral Tissue-Derived Stem Cells and Clinical Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Gomes Paz ◽  
Hassan Maghaireh ◽  
Francesco Guido Mangano
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Cell Technologies ◽  
Regenerative Dentistry ◽  
The Future ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Banking ◽  
Dental Stem Cell

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells, capable of renewing themselves, with the capacity to produce different cell types to regenerate missing tissues and treat diseases. Oral facial tissues have been identified as a source and therapeutic target for stem cells with clinical interest in dentistry. This narrative review report targets on the several extraoral- and intraoral-derived stem cells that can be applied in dentistry. In addition, stem cell origins are suggested in what concerns their ability to differentiate as well as their particular distinguishing quality of convenience and immunomodulatory for regenerative dentistry. The development of bioengineered teeth to replace the patient’s missing teeth was also possible because of stem cell technologies. This review will also focus our attention on the clinical application of stem cells in dentistry. In recent years, a variety of articles reported the advantages of stem cell-based procedures in regenerative treatments. The regeneration of lost oral tissue is the target of stem cell research. Owing to the fact that bone imperfections that ensue after tooth loss can result in further bone loss which limit the success of dental implants and prosthodontic therapies, the rehabilitation of alveolar ridge height is prosthodontists’ principal interest. The development of bioengineered teeth to replace the patient’s missing teeth was also possible because of stem cell technologies. In addition, a “dental stem cell banking” is available for regenerative treatments in the future. The main features of stem cells in the future of dentistry should be understood by clinicians.

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