scholarly journals Qualitative Analysis of Microbial Dynamics during Anaerobic Digestion of Microalgal Biomass in a UASB Reactor

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Doloman ◽  
Yousef Soboh ◽  
Andrew J. Walters ◽  
Ronald C. Sims ◽  
Charles D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Bacterial Composition

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a microbiologically coordinated process with dynamic relationships between bacterial players. Current understanding of dynamic changes in the bacterial composition during the AD process is incomplete. The objective of this research was to assess changes in bacterial community composition that coordinates with anaerobic codigestion of microalgal biomass cultivated on municipal wastewater. An upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor was used to achieve high rates of microalgae decomposition and biogas production. Samples of the sludge were collected throughout AD and extracted DNA was subjected to next-generation sequencing using methanogenmcrAgene specific and universal bacterial primers. Analysis of the data revealed that samples taken at different stages of AD had varying bacterial composition. A group consisting of Bacteroidales, Pseudomonadales, and Enterobacteriales was identified to be putatively responsible for the hydrolysis of microalgal biomass. The methanogenesis phase was dominated byMethanosarcina mazei. Results of observed changes in the composition of microbial communities during AD can be used as a road map to stimulate key bacterial species identified at each phase of AD to increase yield of biogas and rate of substrate decomposition. This research demonstrates a successful exploitation of methane production from microalgae without any biomass pretreatment.

scholarly journals Carbamazepine removal from low-strength municipal wastewater using a combined UASB-MBR treatment system

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
pp. 1920-1931
Author(s):  
M. J. Moya-Llamas ◽  
A. Trapote ◽  
D. Prats
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Low Strength ◽  
The Impact

Abstract An Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactor combined with a two-stage membrane bioreactor were operated for 193 days in order to evaluate the biological removal of carbamazepine (CBZ) from low-strength municipal wastewater. The system worked in three different organic load stages (0.7 ± 0.1 kg COD·m−3·d−1, 0.4 ± 0.1 kg COD·m−3·d−1 and 0.1 ± 0.0 kg COD·m−3·d−1) to assess the impact of the influent OLR on operational parameters such as anaerobic and aerobic sludge retention time (SRT), acidity, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), biomass activity or biogas production. The highest carbamazepine removals were achieved during the anaerobic stage (UASB reactor), reaching averages of 48.9%, 48.0% and 38.2% operating at high, medium and low OLR, respectively. The aerobic treatment (MBR) served as post-treatment, improving the removals, and the global UASB-MBR system reached averages of 70.0%, 59.6% and 49.8% when the influent was at medium and low OLR, respectively. The results demonstrate the potential of combined biological systems on the removal of recalcitrant pharmaceuticals.

Biogas Production Using Codigestion of Organic Residues with Malt Bagasse

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-180
Author(s):  
Henrique Sousa do Nascimento ◽  
Geísa Vieira Vasconcelos Magalhães ◽  
José Demontier Vieira de Souza-Filho ◽  
Ronaldo Stefanutti ◽  
Ari Clecius Alves de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Bagasse Waste

This study evaluated the use of two anaerobic bioreactors in the production of biogas from malt bagasse waste. Bioreactor B1 was loaded with a mixture of 600mL of anaerobic sludge, 300g of organic waste, taken from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, and 300g of malt bagasse residue. Bioreactor B2 was loaded with a mixture of 600g of organic waste and 600mL of anaerobic sludge taken from an UASB reactor. The anaerobic digestion processes lasted for 10 weeks and the produced methane fraction was measured in 5 occasions. Bioreactor B1 presented low methane production (7.2%) but Bioreactor B2 showed a much more signif- icant percentage, reaching up to 48.3%. The experiments were capable of reproducing largescale operational conditions, enabling increased results in biogas capturing and processing, strengthening sustainability and energy efficiency. The experiment also showed the importance of studying different types of organic waste, seeking optimization of anaerobic digestion pro- cesses.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production: Combine Effluent Treatment with Energy Generation in UASB Reactor as Biorefinery Annex

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Berni ◽  
Ivo Dorileo ◽  
Grazielle Nathia ◽  
Tânia Forster-Carneiro ◽  
Daniel Lachos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The issue of residues and industrial effluents represents an unprecedented environmental challenge in terms of recovery, storage, and treatment. This work discusses the perspectives of treating effluents through anaerobic digestion as well as reporting the experience of using an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor as biorefinery annex in a pulp and paper industrial plant to be burned in the boilers. The performance of the reactors has shown to be stable under considerable variations in load and showed a significant potential in terms of biogas production. The reactors UASB treated 3600.00 m3of effluent daily from a production of 150.00 tons. The biogas generation was 234.000 kg/year/mill, equivalent in combustible oil. The results of methane gas generated by the anaerobic system UASB (8846.00 kcal/m3) dislocate the equivalent of 650.0 kg of combustible oil (10000.00 kcal/kg) per day (or 234.000 kg/year). The production of 8846.00 Kcal/m3of energy from biogas can make a run at industrial plant for 2 hours. This substitution can save US$ 128.700 annually (or US$ 550.0 of fuel oil/tons). The companies are invested in the use of the biogas in diesel stationary motors cycle that feed the boilers with water in case of storage electricity.

scholarly journals Two-Phase Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Organic Solid Wastes

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-218
Author(s):  
R. Rodríguez-Pimentel ◽  
F. Ramírez-Vives ◽  
A. De Jesús-Rojas ◽  
F. J. Martínez-Valdez ◽  
S. Rodríguez-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Two Stages

Two stages anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW) is proposed using a batch anaerobic trickling bed (BATB) reactor in the first hydrolysis and acidogenesis stage. At total solids loading of 135 g/L and reaction times around 30 days, total solids (ηTS) and chemical oxygen demand (ηCOD) removal efficiencies above 46% were obtained independently of pH (between 4.1 and 6.4). Dependent on pH were methane production, four times more at pH 6.4 than at 4.8 and four times more volatile fatty acids (VFA) production at 6.4 than at 4.1 and twice than at 4.8. Leachates generated in the BATB reactor were diluted with municipal wastewater and fed to an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor at volumetric organic loading rates from 11 to 28 g/L.d where 90% COD removal efficiencies (ηCOD) and 11.4 g CODCH4./L.d were obtained. Two stages anaerobic digestion results in high rates of solids removal and methane production (0.63 kWhr/kg TS fed).

scholarly journals A VFA-based controller for anaerobic digestion of industrial winery wastewater

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 1871-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Vargas-Morales ◽  
Rolando Chamy ◽  
Santiago García-Gen
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Variable Gain ◽  
Winery Wastewater ◽  
Empirical Function ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Abstract A variable-gain controller for anaerobic digestion of industrial winery wastewater is presented. A control law using both volatile fatty acids (VFA) and methane production rate as controlled variables and organic loading rate (OLR) as manipulated variable is defined. The process state is quantitatively estimated by an empirical function comparing VFA measurements against a setpoint value; then, it is modified with a second empirical function that compares the methane flow rate with a maximum capacity reference, and finally it is adjusted with a third factor considering the actual hydraulic retention time. The variable-gain function determines the extent of the OLR change applied to the system. The controller was successfully validated in a 95 L upflow-anaerobic-sludge-blanket (UASB) reactor, treating industrial wine wastewater at OLR ranged between 2.0 and 39.2 g COD/L d for 120 days at mesophilic conditions. Higher performance was achieved contrasted with a conventional strategy carried out in a parallel UASB unit.

The effect of operational conditions on the sludge specific methanogenic activity and sludge biodegradability

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1847-1853 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Leitão ◽  
S. T. Santaellla ◽  
A. C. van Haandel ◽  
G. Zeeman ◽  
G. Lettinga
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Specific Methanogenic Activity

The effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and influent COD concentration (CODInf) on Specific Methanogenic Activity (SMA) and the biodegradability of an anaerobic sludge need to be elucidated because of the discordant results available in literature. This information is important for the operation of anaerobic reactors and design of the sludge post-treatment unit. For this study, sludge samples obtained from eight pilot-scale Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactors were tested. The reactors were fed with municipal wastewater and operated with different sets of HRT and influent concentrations until the steady state was established. The results show that at a lower HRT, sludge with relatively higher SMA develops. A slight trend of declining SMA at increasing CODInf was found for reactors operated at longer HRTs; however, further experiments are necessary for more definitive conclusions. The sludge from reactors operated at longer HRTs and with lower CODInf resulted in lower biodegradability. Results also showed that it is ineffective to design a UASB reactor with a longer HRT to cope with organic shock loads.

scholarly journals Full Scale Process Design for Energy Recovery from Swine Manure

2017 ◽  
pp. 592-597
Author(s):  
Wathsala Jinadasa ◽  
Eshetu Janka Wakjera ◽  
Rune Bakke
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Biogas Yield

The aim of this study is to investigate biogas reactor designs to recover energy from swine manure and utilize that energy for a small scale pig farm in Norway. Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor were the design alternatives investigated. Simulations were based on the anaerobic digestion model no.1(ADM1) implemented in Aquasim software. The model was calibrated based on a series of laboratory batch reactors. The batch reactor with the highest biogas yield was first simulated to obtain the organic matter concentration in the feed manure. The resulting calibrated model was used to simulate CSTR and UASB reactors for a manure feed flow rate of 2m3/day. Different CSTR volumes in the range of 10- 60 m3 and UASB volumes in the range of 2-20 m3 were assessed using simulations. At low reactor volumes overloaded conditions were observed. Maximum energy production of 128 kWh/day at a biogas production rate of ~20 m3/day (68-71 % methane content in the biogas) was simulated for the reactor volumes for CSTR and UASB of 30m3 and 2.5m3, respectively. An efficient biogas production (e.g. to cover farm energy needs) can be obtained from a UASB reactor that can be constructed and installed at a reasonable cost.

Anaerobic digestion potential for ecological and decentralised sanitation in urban areas

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Elmitwalli ◽  
Yucheng Feng ◽  
Joachim Behrendt ◽  
Ralf Otterpohl
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Black Water

The potential of anaerobic digestion in ecological and decentralised sanitation has been investigated in this research. Different anaerobic digestion systems were proposed for the treatment of sewage, grey water, black water and faeces. Moreover, mathematical models based on anaerobic digestion model no.1 (ADM1) were developed for determination of a suitable design for each system. For stable performance of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating sewage, the model results indicated that optimisation of wastewater conversion to biogas (not COD removal) should be selected for determination of the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the reactor. For the treatment of sewage or black water in a UASB septic-tank, the model results showed that the sludge removal period was the main parameter for determination of the HRT. At such HRT, both COD removal and wastewater conversion are also optimised. The model results demonstrated that for treatment of faeces in an accumulation (AC) system at temperature ≥25 °C, the filling period of the system should be higher than 60 days. For maximisation of the net biogas production (i.e. reduction of biogas losses as dissolved in the effluent), the separation between grey water, urine and faeces and reduction of water consumption for faeces flushing are required. Furthermore, the faeces and kitchen organic wastes and grey water are digested in, respectively, an AC system and UASB reactor, while the urine is stored.

Anaerobic digestion of olive oil mill effluents together with swine manure in UASB reactors

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Angelidaki ◽  
B.K. Ahring ◽  
H. Deng ◽  
J.E. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Uasb Reactors

Combined anaerobic digestion of olive oil mill effluent (OME) with swine manure, was investigated. In batch experiments was shown that for anaerobic degradation of OME alone nitrogen addition was needed. A COD:N ratio in the range of 65:1 to 126:1 was necessary for the optimal degradation process. Furthermore, it was found that methane productions rates during digestion of either swine manure alone or OME alone were much lower than the rates achieved when OME and manure were digested together. Admixing OME with manure at a concentration of 5 to 10% OME resulted in the highest methane production rates. Using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors, it was shown that codigestion of OME with swine manure (up to 50% OME) was successful with a COD reduction up to 75%. The process was adapted for degradation of OME with stepwise increase of the OME load to the UASB reactor. The results showed that the high content of ammonia in swine manure, together with content of other nutrients, make it possible to degrade OME without addition of external alkalinity and without addition of external nitrogen source. Anaerobic treatment of OME in UASB reactors resulted in reduction of simple phenolic compounds such as mequinol, phenyl ethyl alcohol and ethyl methyl phenol. After anaerobic treatment the concentration of these compounds was reduced between 75 and 100%. However, the concentration of some degradation products such as methyl phenol and ethyl phenol were detected in significantly higher concentrations after treatment, indicating that the process has to be further optimised to achieve satisfactory removal of all xenobiotic compounds.

Bacterial community involved in the nitrogen cycle in a down-flow sponge-based trickling filter treating UASB effluent

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. A. Mac Conell ◽  
P. G. S. Almeida ◽  
K. E. L. Martins ◽  
J. C. Araújo ◽  
C. A. L. Chernicharo
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Trickling Filter

Abstract The bacterial community composition of a down-flow sponge-based trickling filter treating upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) effluent was investigated by pyrosequencing. Bacterial community composition considerably changed along the reactor and over the operational period. The dominant phyla detected were Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Planctomycetes. The abundance of denitrifiers decreased from the top to the bottom and it was consistent with the organic matter concentration gradients. At lower loadings (organic and nitrogen loading rates), the abundance of anammox bacteria was higher than that of the ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in the upper portion of the reactor, suggesting that aerobic and anaerobic ammonium oxidation occurred. Nitrification occurred in all the compartments, while anammox bacteria prominently appeared even in the presence of high organic carbon to ammonia ratios (around 1.0–2.0 gCOD gN−1). The results suggest that denitrifiers, nitrifiers, and anammox bacteria coexisted in the reactor; thus, different metabolic pathways were involved in ammonium removal in the post-UASB reactor sponge-based.

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