scholarly journals Application of HPTLC with Densitometry for Evaluation of the Impact of External Factors on Contents of Diphenhydramine in Its Solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bober
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
External Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Standard Solutions

The subject of durability of drugs is a very important problem investigated by researches. The method of accelerated aging is very often used for stability testing. It involves the influence of temperature, humidity, and light exposure. The aim of this work is estimation of contents of diphenhydramine in its standard solutions undergoing the impact of external factors, that is, temperature and UV light. The standard solutions of diphenhydramine were prepared in distilled water. The analysis of contents of compound investigated was carried out by use of HPTLC. Adsorption thin layer chromatography was performed on aluminum HPTLC plates precoated with silica gel 60F254 using mixture of ammonia, methanol, and ethyl acetate as mobile phase. The solutions investigated were exposed to UV light as well as being heated in 40°C. The contents of diphenhydramine were measured in initial solution and during experiment. The additional peaks on densitograms as well as changes in color of solution were observed as a result of exposure to UV light which can give information about new substances, degradation products of diphenhydramine, which were created during experiment.

scholarly journals Stability-Indicating Validated HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Oral Antidiabetic Drugs from Thiazolidinedione and Sulfonylurea Groups in Combined Dosage Forms

2010 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 1086-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gumieniczek ◽  
Anna Berecka ◽  
ukasz Komsta
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Stability Indicating ◽  
Acid And Base

Abstract For type 2 diabetes treatment, combinations of drugs from the thiazolidinedione and sulfonylurea groups are now available in the same tablet or capsule. Therefore, a stability-indicating and validated HPLC method was developed for simultaneous determination of pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, and glipizide in combined dosage forms. The examined drugs were subjected to different conditions such as acid and base, temperature, and UV light, and degradation of pioglitazone and glipizide was observed under thermal and acidic stress. However, selectivity of the presented method for pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, and glipizide assay against their degradation products was confirmed. It was also demonstrated to be robust, resisting small deliberate changes in pH of the buffer, flow rate, and percentage of acetonitrile in the mobile phase. The presented method utilizes a LiChrospher RP18 column (125 4.0 mm), acetonitrile in phosphate buffer at pH 4.3 (40 + 60, v/v) as the mobile phase, and UV detection at 225 nm for pioglitazone/glipizide or 245 nm for rosiglitazone/glipizide. The method was validated with respect to linearity, precision, and accuracy. Finally, the elaborated procedure was applied for the QC of pioglitazone/glipizide and rosiglitazone/glipizide mixtures.

scholarly journals Affect Of External Factors And Non-Native Community In Children’s Personality And Its Impact In Second Language Acquisition

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
Feruza Tulibayevna Jumaniyozova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Native Community ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Changing Schools ◽  
The Impact

The research presented in this article is about the challenges young learners may face when they are exposed to non-native communities, and introversion which stems from these kinds of situations. This paper focuses on three different problems: (1) the effect of external factors and non-native community in a child's personality: (2) the impact of changing schools with different medium instructions frequently (3) the effect of introversion on the children’s Second Language Acquisition. This case study is based on three research tools, such as an interview, lesson observation, personality test to affirm the feeling the subject underwent because of the mobile lifestyle of his parents.

scholarly journals Column and Thin-Layer Chromatographic Methods for the Simultaneous Determination of Acediasulfone in the Presence of Cinchocaine, and Cefuroxime in the Presence of Its Hydrolytic Degradation Products

2007 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abdul-Azim Mohammad ◽  
Nagwan H Zawilla ◽  
Fawzy M El-Anwar ◽  
Samir M El-Moghazy Aly
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Hydrolytic Degradation ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Ultraviolet Detection ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract Column liquid chromatography (LC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC)densitometry methods are described for simultaneous determination of acediasulfone (Ace) and cinchocaine (Cinco). In the LC method, the separation and quantitation of the 2 drugs was achieved on a Zorbax C8 column (5 μm, 150 × 4.6 mm id) using a mobile phase composed of methanol-phosphate buffer, pH 2.5 (66 + 34, v/v), at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and ultraviolet detection at 300 and 327 nm for Ace and Cinco, respectively. The method showed linearity over concentration ranges of 20-200 and 45685 μg/mL, respectively. In the TLCdensitometry method, a mobile phase composed of methanol-tetrahydrofuran-acetic acid (45 + 5 + 0.5, v/v/v) was used for the separation of the 2 drugs. The linearity range was 0.5-4 and 2-9 μg/spot, respectively. In addition, stability indicating TLCdensitometry method has been developed for determination of cefuroxime sodium in the presence of 570% of its known hydrolytic degradation products. The mobile phase butanol-methanol-tetrahydrofuran-concentrated ammonium hydroxide (50 + 50 + 50 + 5, v/v/v/v) was used. The concentration range was 210 g/spot. The optimized methods proved to be specific and accurate for the analysis of the cited drugs in laboratory-prepared mixtures and dosage forms. The obtained results agreed statistically with those obtained by the reference methods.

scholarly journals Estimating Limits of Detection and Quantification of Ibuprofen by TLC-Densitometry at Different Chromatographic Conditions

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Jampilek ◽  
Malgorzata Dolowy ◽  
Alina Pyka-Pajak
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Modified Silica Gel ◽  
Limits Of Detection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Detection And Quantification

Ibuprofen is one of the best-known nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs. Following the previous work, the current study is focused on estimating the effect of different chromatographic conditions on the sensitivity of thin-layer chromatography in combination with UV densitometry, i.e., the detection and quantification of ibuprofen in a wide range of its concentrations including the lowest limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ). For this purpose, a reliable and easy-to-use calculation procedure for LOD and LOQ determination is presented in this work. In addition, the impact of type plates and mobile phase composition on the LOD and LOQ, respectively, of this active substance is accurately described. The results of detection and the quantification level of ibuprofen obtained under applied chromatographic conditions confirmed the utility of silica gel plates as well as silica gel bonded phases (i.e., reversed-phase (RP) plates) in the thin-layer chromatography (TLC)-densitometric analysis of ibuprofen at a low level, i.e., from several nanograms (below one microgram) to a few micrograms/spot. Among all chromatographic systems tested, the best are those consisting of silica gel 60F254 plates with concentrating zone (1.05583) and the mixture of n-hexane:ethyl acetate:glacial acetic acid in ratio 36:12:2 (v/v/v) as well as RP plates, i.e., RP-18F254 aluminum plates developed with methanol:water in volume composition 40:10 (v/v). These chromatographic systems allowed quantifying ibuprofen in the amount of 0.229 µg/spot and 0.228 µg/spot, which is less than 1 µg/spot. It can be stated that different chromatographic systems in combination with UV densitometric scanning at 224 nm proposed in this work can be successfully applied for the cost-effective and sensitive determination of ibuprofen as a widely used drug component as well as a residual in domestic wastewater. It was found that the modification of silica gel as well as the layer thickness of unmodified or modified silica gel 60 can influence the quality of chromatograms and the detection/quantification of ibuprofen in both normal phase (NP) and RP systems. Therefore, to obtain the best possible LOD and LOQ values of ibuprofen with precoated layers, suitable mobile phase and chromatographic plates are required.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Densitometric Determination of Indomethacin and Its Degradation Products, 4-Chlorobenzoic Acid and 5-Methoxy-2-Methyl-3-Indoleacetic Acid, in Pharmaceutical Preparations

2001 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1703-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Krzek ◽  
Magorzata Starek
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Chlorobenzoic Acid ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract A densitometric method was developed for the identification and determination of indomethacin and its degradation products, 4-chlorobenzoic acid and 5-methoxy-2-methyl-3-indoleacetic acid, in pharmaceuticals. To separate these compounds, silica gel-coated thin-layer chromatography plates and the following mobile phase were used: 2-propanol–25% ammonia–water (8 + 1 + 1, v/v). UV densitometric measurements were made by comparing the absorption spectra and Rf values of appropriate standards with the pharmaceutical preparations examined. The conditions for separation were established and a low detection limit was obtained. Average recoveries were 100.69, 90.09, and 91.17% for indomethacin, 4-chlorobeznzoic acid, and 5-methoxy-2-methyl-3-indoleacetic acid, respectively.

scholarly journals Spectrofluorometry, Thin Layer Chromatography, and Column High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Determination of Rabeprazole Sodium in the Presence of Its Acidic and Oxidized Degradation Products

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 1373-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afaf Osman ◽  
Mohamed Osman
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Ir Spectrometry ◽  
Intact Drug ◽  
Rabeprazole Sodium ◽  
Acidic Degradation ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract The objective of this study is to develop validated stability-indicating spectrofluorometric, TLC-densitometric, and HPLC methods for the determination of rabeprazole sodium and its degradation products. The first method was based on measuring the fluorescence intensity of the drug at 416 and 311 nm for the emission and at 320 and 274 nm for the excitation for acid and oxidized solutions, respectively. The second method was based on the separation of the drug from its acidic and oxidized degradation products followed by densitometric measurement of the intact drug spot at 284 nm. The separation was carried out on Fluka TLC sheets of silica gel 60 F254 using isopropyl alcohol30 ammonia (80 + 2, v/v) mobile phase. The third method was based on HPLC separation of rabeprazole sodium from its acidic and oxidized degradation products on a reversed-phase Waters Nova-Pak C18 column using 0.05 M potassium dihydrogen phosphatemethanolacetonitrile (5 + 3 + 2, v/v/v) pH 7 0.2 mobile phase. The proposed procedures were successfully applied for the determination of rabeprazole sodium in pure form, laboratory-prepared mixtures, tablet, and expired batch. The obtained results were statistically compared with those of a reported method and validated according to United States Pharmacopeia guidelines. Two main acidic degradation products of the drug were separated and subjected to IR spectrometry and MS to confirm their structures, and the schemes for their formation were elucidated.

scholarly journals Desloratadine analysis: as a pharmaceutical preparation and after accelerating ageing

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bober ◽  
Marlena Płonka ◽  
Marek Miszczyk
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparation ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Biologically Active Compound ◽  
Optimal Wavelength

AbstractDesloratadine is a biologically active compound that is not described in the Polish Pharmacopoeia IX, hence, its study is particular important. The aim of this work was to establish a procedure for desloratadine analysis by way of HPTLC in combination with densitometry, so as to be able to ascertain its presence and degree of presence within pharmaceutical preparations. In our work, a mixture of ethyl acetate, n-butanol, ammonia and methanol was used as the mobile phase. Moreover, HPTLC plates precoated with silica gel 60F254were also employed. The proposed method was tested and subsequently validated. Spectrodensitometric analysis was then performed to determine the optimal wavelength for the quantitative determination (λ=276 nm), and following this, a quantitative analysis of desloratadine within certain pharmaceutical preparations was performed. Our research also took into consideration an analysis of the products of desloratadine decomposition that come about as a result of the accelerated aging of its solutions. The employed procedure for accelerating the aging of such desloratadine solutions consisted of heating these at 40℃ and then irradiating the solution surfaces with UV light. The changing color of these solutions after 2 hours of exposure served to indicate that degradation had occurred. Of note: as a result of irradiation with UV light, desloratadine content was seen to decrease with time, declining to almost zero after 30 hours. However, heating a solution of desloratadine alone did not induce a change in its content. Solutions of desloratadine that had previously undergone irradiation and heating were also analyzed to ascertain whether new substances were present. For this purpose, the GC-MS process was employed. As a result of this procedure, the spectrum of the solution after aging showed the presence of several new peaks that displayed retention several times larger and smaller than the normal desloratadine peak.

scholarly journals COMPARISON BETWEEN CUSTOMS PREPARATIONS AND WORKOUT PREPARATIONS FOR PESTICIDE PROFENOFOS FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES AND UNDER SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (No 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hala. M. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Sunlight Exposure ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Trade Name ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Different Sources

Four generic profenfos formulations under trade name Camkron and Tiliton 72% EC (customs, workout) for each of those, which currently applied in Egypt from different companies were studied for the effects of sunlight exposure, UV-light, PH and storage on the stability of profenofos, its respective impurity 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol content and water as a relevant impurity. Exposure to sunlight, UV-light at 16 hours and storage for 14 days at 54±2o C indicated various degradation effects on profenofos content and increase the formation of its impurity 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol and the change in PH in long period cause breakdown of the active substance instability of some component. The storage of profenofos at intervals of 3, 7 and 14 days at 54 ± 2o C from the results obtained showed serious effects on the rate of degradation of profenofos and the increase in the rate of formation of 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol, as well as on sunlight, UV-light exposure, for all of the profenofos formulations under study. It found that the Camkron (workout) is invalid for use it may be due to several factors affecting the consistency of the formulation of profenofos in the manufacturing process, the origins of technical materials, the use of various forms of adjuvants and the long storage time in poor conditions. Analysis before and after storage, sunlight exposure, UV-light using GC-MS identified four degradation products: 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol, O-(4-bromophenyl) O-ethyl S-propyl phosphorothioate, O-(2-chlorophenyl) O-ethyl S-propyl phosphorothioate and O-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl) S-propyl hydrogen phosphorothioate and also used IR spectra.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF MEASURING DEVIATIONS OF THE COMPONENTS OF LAYERED WALLS ON THEIR DURABILITY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Tomaszewicz ◽  
Adam Baryłka
Keyword(s):  
Coating Thickness ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Polynomial Model ◽  
Insulation Layer ◽  
Temperature Load ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Experimental Plan ◽  
Measurement Deviation ◽  
The Impact

The subject of the article is the impact of measurement deviations of three-layer walls on the durability of these walls in buildings erected according to the OWT-67 / N system. This problem mainly concerns the external facade texture layer, which, apart from its own weight load, is exposed to the destructive influence of external factors, which include wind suction load and temperature load. The measurement deviation regarding the texture layer is the varied thickness of the board. Other diverse components that affect the fusion of the texture layer with the insulation layer and the construction layer are: diameter of rods hangers, coating thickness of rods hangers and diameter of rods anchoring hangers. Based on these measurements, a polynomial model was created based on an experimental plan that evaluated the durability of the layered wall.  

scholarly journals Deteksi Asam Mefenamat pada Jamu Pegel Linu yang beredar di Wilayah Pekalongan

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Siska Rusmalina ◽  
Kharismatul Khasanah ◽  
Denny Kurniawan Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Mefenamic Acid ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Comparison Standard ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Positive Results

Jamu Pegel Linu is one of the most popular herbs in Indonesia and oftenly the producers added medicinal chemicals (BKO) so that the resulting therapeutic effect is more effective. One of the BKO added is mefenamic acid. The added content of mefenamic acid can cause harmful side effects such as seizures and can even cause coma. This study aimed to detect the BKO content of mefenamic acid in Jamu Pegel Linu distributed in Pekalongan region. This research was a descriptive study with purposive sampling. The sample used was all Jamu pegel linu that were distributing in Pekalongan region that were included the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The analytical method used is Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) with a mobile phase in the form of ethyl acetate: methanol: ammonia (80:10:10). Spotting detection was carried out under UV light at λ 254 nm. The results of the spots obtained were compared with a comparison standard. To ensure the results obtained are confirmed using the color reaction method. The results of testing of 27 samples by TLC method obtained there are 3 (three) samples of herbal medicine giving positive results indicated by the similarity of rf values with comparative standards. The results obtained were tested qualitatively with color reagents to strengthen the results.

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