scholarly journals Seasonally Feed-Related Aflatoxins B1 and M1 Spread in Semiarid Industrial Dairy Herd and Its Deteriorating Impacts on Food and Immunity

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saideh Mozafari ◽  
Mohammad Mohsenzadeh ◽  
Jalil Mehrzad
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Immune Incompetence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cattle Farms

To comparatively determine the levels of aflatoxin (AF) B1 in feedstuffs and of AFM1 in milk from semiarid industrial cattle farms in northeastern Iran during four seasons and to elucidate the effects of mixed AFB1 and AFM1 on bovine granulocytes, 72 feedstuffs (concentrate, silage, and totally mixed ration (TMR)) and 200 bulk milk samples were simultaneously collected for ELISA-based AFs detection. Isolated blood and milk neutrophils (n=8/treatment) were also preincubated with mix of 10 ng/ml AFB1 and 10 ng/ml AFM1 for 12 h; the impact was assessed on neutrophils functions. AFB1 levels in feedstuffs averaged 28 μg/kg (4–127 μg/kg), with TMR maximal (38±6.3 μg/kg), concentrate (32±6.5 μg/kg), and silage (16±1.5 μg/kg). The levels of AFB1 and AFM1 in feedstuffs and milk averaged 42±9.3, 27±2.8, 26±4.1, and 18.5±2.8 μg/kg and 85±7.3, 62±6.1, 46±6.2, and 41±6.5 ppb μg/kg in winter (maximal), autumn, spring, and summer, respectively. Mix of AFB1 and AFM1 weakened various functions of granulocytes. It adds new reason why during winter semiarid raised food-producing animals show more immune-incompetence.

scholarly journals Monitoring the freezing point of buffalo milk

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Pesce ◽  
Caterina Salzano ◽  
Anna De Felice ◽  
Francesca Garofalo ◽  
Salvatore Liguori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Buffalo Milk ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Cattle Farms

The aim of this study was to evaluate the basic freezing point of buffalo milk. Bulk milk samples were collected from buffalo and cattle farms in Caserta area from 2008 to 2014. The analysis involved a total of 1886 buffalo milk samples and 1711 bovine milk samples. These were also tested for fat, protein and lactose contents by means of infrared spectrometry. The freezing point was determined by means of a thermistor cryoscope. Data underwent statistical analysis. Our research showed an average freezing point of -0.528°C for buffalo milk and - 0.522°C for bovine milk. Given the lack of data on the freezing point of buffalo milk, our study provides the first indication of a basic freezing point of the milk of this species in Italy.

scholarly journals A Theoretical Framework to Assess the Impact of Flooding on Dairy Cattle Farms: Identification of Direct Damage from an Animal Welfare Perspective

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1586
Author(s):  
Anna Gaviglio ◽  
Annafrancesca Corradini ◽  
Maria Elena Marescotti ◽  
Eugenio Demartini ◽  
Rosalia Filippini
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Flood Event ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Direct Damage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cattle Farms ◽  
Damage Types

For the economic sectors, the need to address the challenges posed by natural disasters due to climate change is an outstanding issue. To date, according to the European Commission (2019), there is still a gap in the estimation of the costs of flood in all European countries and the direct impact that these floods have on agricultural activities. More specifically, the damage to livestock has been minimally studied. The aim of this study is is therefore to identify the flood damage that affects dairy cattle farms, focusing on the damage to herds caused by a flood event; in fact, poor welfare conditions of dairy cattle directly affect production and thus farm revenue. To accomplish the aim of this study, a framework was first developed to identify possible damage types. Then, scientific literature focusing on the identification of flood damage to dairy herds was reviewed, and to quantify this damage to herds, literature sources providing information on the magnitude of variation in the identified damage types were used. Thus, our results provide relevant information on the variables that should be taken into account when assessing of the direct damage affecting the overall welfare of a dairy herd after a flood event. This evidence could then contribute to the development of tools aimed at assessing damage to dairy cattle on flood-affected farms.

B-cell and T-cell values in peripheral blood in Polish mixed-breed rabbits with addition of blood of meet breeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Tokarz-Deptuła ◽  
P. Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej ◽  
B. Hukowska-Szematowicz ◽  
M. Adamiak ◽  
A. Trzeciak-Ryczek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In Poland, rabbit is a highly valued animal, due to dietetic and flavour values of its meat, but above all, rabbits tend to be commonly used laboratory animals. The aim of the study was developing standards for counts of B-cells with CD19+ receptor, T-cells with CD5+ receptor, and their subpopulations, namely T-cells with CD4+, CD8+ and CD25+ receptor in the peripheral blood of mixed-breed Polish rabbits with addition of blood of meet breeds, including the assessment of the impact of four seasons of the year and animal sex on the values of the immunological parameters determined. The results showed that the counts of B- and T-cells and their subpopulations in peripheral blood remain within the following ranges: for CD19+ B-cells: 1.05 - 3.05%, for CD5+ T-cells: 34.00 - 43.07%, CD4+ T-cells: 23.52 - 33.23%, CD8+ T-cells: 12.55 - 17.30%, whereas for CD25+ T-cells: 0.72 - 2.81%. As it comes to the season of the year, it was observed that it principally affects the values of CD25+ T-cells, while in the case of rabbit sex, more changes were found in females.

114 What Is the Impact of Dairy Influence Cattle on the Traditional Beef Industry Structure?

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 38-39
Author(s):  
Bradley J Johnson ◽  
Luke Fuerniss
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Industry Structure ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The U.S. cow inventory includes approximately 31 million beef cows and 9 million dairy cows, so flow of cattle from dairies into beef production influences the traditional beef industry structure. Dairy-influenced cattle have historically entered the beef supply chain as cull cows and calf-fed Holstein steers. Culled dairy cows account for approximately half of the cows harvested in the United States annually. Fed steers and heifers of dairy influence are estimated to account for 15% of annual steer and heifer slaughter. Advancements in data availability, genomics, and reproductive technologies have enabled more precise selection of dairy replacement heifers and more pregnancies to be allocated to a terminal sire. Recently, the use of beef semen to breed dairy cows that are not desirable for producing replacement heifers has become more widespread. Beef-on-dairy calves are often moved to calf ranches shortly after birth where they are weaned and grown before transitioning to traditional grow yards or feedlots. In comparison to traditional range beef production, calves of dairy origin are weaned at a younger age, have more restricted mobility early in life, and are fed a delivered ration for a greater number of days. While carcasses of dairy-originated fed cattle excel in subcutaneous leanness and marbling, calves originating from dairies typically experience greater morbidity, poorer feed conversion, and poorer dressed yields compared to native fed cattle. Future opportunities to optimize beef production from the dairy herd include refining sire selection to consistently produce high quality calves, reducing variation in calfhood management, and identifying optimal nutrition and growth technology programs for calves from dairies.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Changes in the Concentration of Major Human Milk Proteins in the First Six Months of Lactation and Their Effects on Infant Growth

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1476
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Ai Zhao ◽  
Shiyun Lai ◽  
Qingbin Yuan ◽  
Xiaojiang Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Impact

Our knowledge related to human milk proteins is still limited. The present study determined the changes in multiple human milk proteins during the first six months of lactation, investigated the influencing factors of milk proteins, and explored the impact of milk proteins on infant growth. A total of 105 lactating women and their full-term infants from China were prospectively surveyed in this research. Milk samples were collected at 1–5 days, 8–14 days, 1 month, and 6 months postpartum. Concentrations of total protein and α-lactalbumin were measured in all milk samples, and concentrations of lactoferrin, osteopontin, total casein, β-casein, αs−1 casein, and κ-casein were measured in milk from 51 individuals using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The concentration of measured proteins in the milk decreased during the first six months of postpartum (p-trend < 0.001). Maternal age, mode of delivery, maternal education, and income impacted the longitudinal changes in milk proteins (p-interaction < 0.05). Concentrations of αs−1 casein in milk were inversely associated with the weight-for-age Z-scores of the infants (1 m: r −0.29, p 0.038; 6 m: r −0.33, p 0.020). In conclusion, the concentration of proteins in milk decreased over the first six months postpartum, potentially influenced by maternal demographic and delivery factors. Milk protein composition may influence infant weights.

Proteolysis detection in milk: II. The effect of preincubation of raw and laboratory pasteurized bulk milk samples on tyrosine value and its relationship with bacterial populations

1973 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Juffs
Keyword(s):  
Major Contributor ◽  
Milk Supply ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
Before And After

SummaryA study is reported of the effect of preincubation of raw and laboratory pasteurized bulk milk samples on the tyrosine value (TV) of milk and its relationship with bacterial populations. For raw samples, mean TVs before and after preincubation for 20±2 h at both 25 and 30 °C differed (P < 0·001). After preincubation at 30 °C, the TV of 47 % of raw samples exceeded that considered to represent the upper limit of variation in the TV of a normal bulk milk supply. At this temperature, however, there was no indication that proteolytic psychrotrophs were a major contributor to increased TV. With preincubation of raw samples at 25 °C, an increase to above the upper limit of variation occurred in only 20 % of samples; however, proteolytic psychrotrophs appeared more active at this temperature. In similar samples preincubated after laboratory pasteurization, large increases occurred in TV after 20 ±2 h at 30 °C, while at 25 °C the increases were much smaller and of the order found for preincubated raw samples. The results showed, however, that nonpsychrotrophic bacteria were also the principal source of proteinase giving rise to increased TVs in laboratory pasteurized samples.

scholarly journals PP-040 Real-time PCR assay for identification of Brucella abortus in bulk milk samples in Iran

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. S36-S37 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Moshkelani ◽  
M. Javaheri Koupaei ◽  
S. Rabiei ◽  
A. Doosti
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk

scholarly journals Pregnancy and Breastfeeding During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Published Pregnancy Cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Rodrigues ◽  
Inês Baía ◽  
Rosa Domingues ◽  
Henrique Barros
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Impact

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is an emerging concern regarding the potential adverse effects during pregnancy. This study reviews knowledge on the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy and describes the outcome of published cases of pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19.Methods: Searches were conducted in PubMed®, Scopus®, Web of Science®, and MedRxiv® up to 26th June 2020, using PRISMA standards, to identify original published studies describing pregnant women at any gestational age diagnosed COVID-19. There were no date or language restrictions on the search. All identified studies were included irrespective of assumptions on study quality.Results: We identified 161 original studies reporting 3,985 cases of pregnant women with COVID-19 (1,007 discharged while pregnant). The 2,059 published cases with pregnancy outcomes resulted in 42 abortions, 21 stillbirths, and 2,015 live births. Preterm birth occurred in 23% of cases. Around 6% of pregnant women required admission to an intensive care unit and 28 died. There were 10 neonatal deaths. From the 163 cases with amniotic fluid, placenta, and/or cord blood analyzed for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, 10 were positive. Sixty-one newborns were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Four breast milk samples from 92 cases showed evidence of SARS-CoV-2.Conclusion: Emerging evidence suggests that vertical transmission is possible, however, there is still a limited number of reported cases with intrapartum samples. Information, counseling and adequate monitoring are essential to prevent and manage adverse effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Composition of raw milk from conventional and organic dairy farming

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Kucevic ◽  
Snezana Trivunovic ◽  
Vladan Bogdanovic ◽  
Ksenija Cobanovic ◽  
Dobrila Jankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
High Statistical Significance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Organic Dairy ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Possible differences between composition of raw milk due to dairy farming system (organic vs conventional) as well as seasonal variations were investigated. The samples were analysed during one year. A total of 6.782 samples of raw milk were collected (4.496 from organic farming). Dairy farms were located in the northern part of Republic of Serbia (Province of Vojvodina). The principle of analysis of raw milk samples was in accordance with the methodology by midinfrared spectrometry and flow cytometry. The fixed effect of system of farming and season (winter, spring, summer and fall) have shown a high statistical significance (P < 0.01) on all examined milk parameters except fat, total solids and somatic cell count, where the impact was slightly lower (P < 0.05). Significant difference wasn't found in number of bacterial colonies (P > 0.05). Composition of milk is also affected by a number of other factors, therefore it is recommended to involve factors such as nutrition of dairy cows, breed and farm management.

Antibodies against nematodes in serum, milk and bulk milk samples as possible estimators of infection in dairy cows

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 267-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kloosterman ◽  
J. Verhoeff ◽  
H.W. Ploeger ◽  
T.J.G.M. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk
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