scholarly journals Genetic Diversity among Sugarcane Genotypes Based on Qualitative Traits

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esayas Tena Gashaw ◽  
Firew Mekbib ◽  
Amsalu Ayana
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
Future Improvement ◽  
Sugarcane Germplasm

The study was conducted during 2012/2013 at Wonji Sugar Estate, Ethiopia, to estimate the extent of morphological diversity among sugarcane germplasm based on 16 qualitative traits. Four hundred sugarcane genotypes grouped in 20 locations were considered. Phenotypic frequency distributions of the characters were analyzed and Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H′) was computed using the phenotypic frequencies. Results indicated that the variation inH′within locations was larger than the diversity observed between locations. The value ofH′for all sample genotypes ranged from 0.43 to 0.98 with a mean of 0.87. Considerable phenotypic diversity was observed among the germplasm studied. This information can be used for establishing proper identity of the accessions, strategic conservation of these germplasm resources, and future improvement work of the sugarcane crop. This is the first study to report phenotypic diversity of local and exotic sugarcane genotypes in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Exploring morpho-physiological profiles of a collection of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) germplasm using multivariate statistics

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
Ifigeneia Mellidou ◽  
Konstantinos Krommydas ◽  
Irini Nianiou-Obeidat ◽  
Georgia Ouzounidou ◽  
Apostolos Kalivas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractA selection of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genotypes with diverse origin and breeding history including 33 landraces, eight modern varieties and two commercial hybrids has been characterized using a set of 25 qualitative descriptors and six quantitative traits. A wide range of variation was evident for the majority of traits, highlighting their utility for characterizing tomato germplasm collections. A plethora of qualitative traits including type of leaf blade, depression and ribbing at peduncle end, fruit shape at blossom end, number of locules and flowering time, as well as measured traits with economic importance such as fruit fresh weight, firmness and total yield per plant, were found to be highly variable within the collection, with a diversity index greater than 0.8. Strong correlations were detected among several traits related to fruit yield and quality. Two-dimensional principal component analysis as well as the unsupervised hierarchical clustering grouped genotypes according to their phenotypic resemblance and morphological characteristics to a great extent. Landraces from different origins were scattered across the whole variation spectrum of PC1 and PC2. A set of six qualitative traits could efficiently discriminate cultivars in PCA (explaining 75% of total variation), suggesting that it can serve as a valuable breeding tool for the germplasm characterization. The evaluation of the phenotypic diversity in the collection as well as the identification of traits that contribute most to heterogeneity have important implications for establishing core collections with high diversity, as well as designing breeding schemes across the Mediterranean basin.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Genetic Variation of Cowpea Landraces (Vigna unguiculata) from Western Cameroon Using Qualitative Traits

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toscani NGOMPE-DEFFO ◽  
Eric Bertrand KOUAM ◽  
Honoré BEYEGUE-DJONKO ◽  
Mariette ANOUMAA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Qualitative Trait ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Leaf Hairiness

Characterization of the genetic diversity and analysis of the genetic relationship between accessions of a crop species is a key step in breeding superior cultivars. The main objective of the hereby study was to determine the genetic variation between 30 cowpea accessions collected throughout the eight divisions of the Western Region of Cameroon using qualitative traits. Phenotypic variation of these accessions was evaluated using diversity indices and cluster analyses. A total of twenty qualitative traits were used for the study. Fifteen of them (75%) were polymorphic, displaying each at least two phenotypic classes. The monomorphic characters were growth pattern, leaf color, leaf hairiness, plant hairiness and pod hairiness, each with only one phenotypic class. Results showed a relatively significant level of genetic diversity among the studied cowpea accessions. Overall, the average of the observed and effective number of phenotypic classes per qualitative trait were Na = 2.350 and Ne = 1.828 respectively. The Nei’s genetic diversity and the Shannon weaver diversity index were He = 0.369, ranging from zero (monomorphic trait) to 0.655 (growth habit) and H’ = 0.609, ranging from zero (monomorphic trait) to 0.996 (seed crowding), respectively. The dendrogram constructed from the twenty qualitative traits revealed 05 accessions clusters with the number of accessions in each cluster varying from one to eleven. Information obtained from this study is likely be useful for future cowpea breeding program.

scholarly journals Assessing the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of a Tunisian Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Collection Using Phenotypic Traits and SSR Molecular Markers

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121
Author(s):  
Hela Chikh-Rouhou ◽  
Najla Mezghani ◽  
Sameh Mnasri ◽  
Neila Mezghani ◽  
Ana Garcés-Claver
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure

The assessment of genetic diversity and structure of a gene pool is a prerequisite for efficient organization, conservation, and utilization for crop improvement. This study evaluated the genetic diversity and population structure of 24 Tunisian melon accessions, by using 24 phenotypic traits and eight microsatellite (SSR) markers. A considerable phenotypic diversity among accessions was observed for many characters including those related to agronomical performance. All the microsatellites were polymorphic and detected 30 distinct alleles with a moderate (0.43) polymorphic information content. Shannon’s diversity index (0.82) showed a high degree of polymorphism between melon genotypes. The observed heterozygosity (0.10) was less than the expected heterozygosity (0.12), displaying a deficit in heterozygosity because of selection pressure. Molecular clustering and structure analyses based on SSRs separated melon accessions into fivegroups and showed an intermixed genetic structure between landraces and breeding lines belonging to the different botanical groups. Phenotypic clustering separated the accessions into two main clusters belonging to sweet and non-sweet melon; however, a more precise clustering among inodorus, cantalupensis, and reticulatus subgroups was obtained using combined phenotypic–molecular data. The discordance between phenotypic and molecular data was confirmed by a negative correlation (r = −0.16, p = 0.06) as revealed by the Mantel test. Despite these differences, both markers provided important information about the diversity of the melon germplasm, allowing the correct use of these accessions in future breeding programs. Together they provide a powerful tool for future agricultural and conservation tasks.

scholarly journals Analysis on genetic diversity of 51 Grape germplasm resources

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingchun Yue ◽  
Chenfei Zhang ◽  
Qinghao Wang ◽  
Wenjing Wang ◽  
Jinyang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Amplification Efficiency ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Grape Seeds ◽  
Identification Techniques

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study is to research the genetic diversity of the ‘ Zuijinxiang ’ grape and its mutant breeding F1 plants, we screened the excellent mutant plants with potential breeding value. 50 mutated single plants obtained from 137Cs-γ irradiated ‘Zuijinxiang’ grape seeds were used as research objects, and SCoT molecular marker technology was used for genetic diversity and variation analysis, and clustering research was carried out. The results showed that: (1) 36 SCoT primers produced abundant polymorphisms, and the amplification results showed obvious bright bands, and the amplification efficiency and polymorphism rate were 100%. (2) A total of 221 bands were amplified by 36 primers, of which 175 were rich in polymorphism, the average polymorphic percentage was 80.3%, and the average genetic similarity coefficient was 0.916. (3) The number of observed alleles (Na) ranged from 4 to 8, with an average of 6.1389; the number of effective alleles (Ne) ranged from 1.2772 to 5.6322 with an average of 3.5968; the desired heterozygosity (He) The range is from 0.2192 to 0.8344, the average is 0.6965; the observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranges from 0.1656 to 0.7808 with an average of 0.3035; the Nei’s gene diversity index (H) ranges from 0.2170 to 0.8224 with an average of 0.6863; Shannon-Wiener The index (I) ranges from 0.5186 to 1.8597 with an average of 1.4517. (4) UPGMA clustering of 51 materials showed that the test materials could be divided into three groups when the genetic distance was 0.856. The experiment shows that the genetic diversity of the ‘Zuijinxiang’ radiation variation germplasm resources is rich. In addition, SCoT molecular marker technology can distinguish the materials with close genetic distance, and can be used for early identification techniques of grape mutant materials. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of excellent mutant germplasm of ‘Zuijinxiang’ grapes.

scholarly journals Genetic, Biochemical, and Morphological Diversity of the Legume Biofuel Tree Pongamia pinnata

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-67
Author(s):  
Qunyi Jiang ◽  
Shang-Heng Yen ◽  
Jiri Stiller ◽  
David Edwards ◽  
Paul T. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Pongamia Pinnata ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Inputs

Pongamia pinnata is regarded as a sustainable biofuel feedstock of the future because of its abundant production of oil-rich seeds, tolerance to abiotic stress, and ability to undergo biological nitrogen fixation (minimizing nitrogen inputs). However, it needs extensive domestication through selection and genetic improvement. Owing to its outcrossing nature, Pongamia displays large phenotypic diversity, which is advantageous for selection of desirable phenotypes but problematic for plantation management. In this study, variation was evaluated for seed mass, oil content, and oil composition. To evaluate genetic diversity and to lay the basis for a molecular breeding approach we developed second generation sequencing (2GS)-derived ISSR markers (Pongamia Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats; PISSR). The special feature of PISSRs is that the number of nucleotide repeats and the 5’ and 3’ nucleotide extensions were not arbitrarily chosen, but were based on Pongamia genomic sequences obtained from a NGS (Illumina®) database. Amplification products were resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining or automated capillary electrophoresis to yield distinct and reproducible profiles. Polymorphic bands were excised from polyacrylamide gels and sequenced to reveal similarity to DNA sequences from other legumes. We demonstrated: 1) an abundance of nucleotide core repeats in the Pongamia genome, 2) large genetic and phenotypic diversity among randomly sampled Pongamia trees, 3) restricted diversity in progeny derived from a single mature tree; 4) stability of PISSR markers in Pongamia clones; and 5) genomic DNA sequences within PISSR markers. PISSRs provide a valuable biotechnology tool for assessment of genetic diversity, gene tagging and molecular breeding in Pongamia pinnata.

scholarly journals Genetic polymorphism among natural populations of Anacardium humile A. ST-HIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Correa Santos ◽  
Raquel dos Santos Carvalho ◽  
Livia Maria Chamma Davide
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Natural Populations

Abstract The genus Anacardium presents nine species, of these, three have sub-bush size, common in the Cerrado of the Center-West of Brazil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability of the species, collected in eleven provenances, using RAPD markers. Genomic DNA from 122 accessions was extracted and amplified with 25 decamer primers. The results indicated polymorphism, ranging from 77.71% to 96.18%. The distribution of genetic diversity among and within populations shows that 27.14% of the variability is found between populations and 37.44% within the populations, suggesting the existence of genetic variability that may be related to the reproductive strategies adopted by the species throughout its evolution. The index of variation within the provenances (93.36%) was higher than the index found among populations (6.64%). Molecular analysis indicated that there is genetic divergence between and within the studied populations of Anacardium humile A. St. - Hill. The origin of Itajá-GO presented the highest genetic diversity, presenting the highest values of genetic diversity index, phenotypic diversity and higher percentage of polymorphic loci.

scholarly journals Phenotypic diversity of Haitian Benzolive (Moringa oleifera Lam.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Aristil Junior ◽  
Pierre Jonas Sanon ◽  
Dominique Lordé
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Survey ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam ◽  
Number Of Branches

Moringa (MO) is a plant with great nutritional value distributed in almost all subtropical and tropical countries including Haiti.  MO is relatively present in all departments of Haiti. But till now, there are no data available for the phenotypical diversities of Haitian MO. The current survey is aimed at evaluating the morphological diversity of Haitian MO. From June to September of the 2018 year, 90 samples of MO were collected in the 10 departments of Haiti. Characters registered per plant were submitted to statistical analysis using IBM SPSS, version 22.0. Results revealed that Haitian MO grain yield (GY) were ranging from 0.20 to 3.26 t/ha. MO from Grand’Anse and South are significantly more yielded than the other districts (p< 0.05).  MO grain yield was positively related to all registered characters. The two maximal GY correlations were observed mainly with the number of branches plant (? =0.74; p<0.001) and the number of pods per branch (? =0.60; p<0.001).  Haitian MO was classified into two separate clusters. MO of South, Southeast and Grand’Anse departments formed one cluster and the other departments constituted the largest one.  The greatest genetic diversity was detected in MO from Southeast and West departments. Crossing materials from Southeast and West department is well recommended for creating possibly new accessions. The additional investigation regarding molecular classification is deeply required for better understanding of the genetic diversity of Haitian MO.

Geographical distribution and phenotypic diversity of wild/weedy sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in Ethiopia: implications for germplasm conservation and crop–wild gene flow

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asfaw Adugna ◽  
Endashaw Bekele
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Transgenic Crop ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Geographical Regions

Extensive studies of genetic diversity and population structure important for conservation of wild sorghum are yet lacking in Ethiopia, the centre of origin for cultivated sorghum. To assess both genetic diversity and the probability of gene flow between wild and cultivated types, collections of wild Sorghum bicolor were made from regions in Ethiopia where wild and cultivated sorghum coexist. Morphological data were recorded in situ for both quantitative and qualitative characters from 30 populations in five diverse geographical regions and eight agroecologies. High phenotypic diversity was observed among the wild and weedy sorghum populations. The overall standardized Shannon–Weaver diversity index (H′), computed from the frequencies of all qualitative traits, ranged from 0.47 to 0.98 with an average value of 0.76. Moreover, warm semi-arid lowland (SA2) agroecologies, which contain Tigray populations, supported the highest diversity for these traits. Subspecies verticilliflorum and drummondii (the two major subspecies of wild S. bicolor) were observed in diverse habitats throughout northern and central Ethiopia. In some areas, weedy types showed domestication traits including the absence of awns and reduced seed shattering. The existence of morphologically intermediate forms indicates that gene flow between cultivated and wild forms has likely occurred. Deployment of transgenic crop sorghum, therefore, would pose a distinct risk for transgene movement into wild Ethiopian populations.

Phenotypic diversity in tetraploid wheats collected from Bale and Wello regions of Ethiopia

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firdissa Eticha ◽  
Endeshaw Bekele ◽  
Getachew Belay ◽  
Andreas Börner
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Drastic Change ◽  
Seed Colour ◽  
Spike Density ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Tetraploid Wheats ◽  
Glume Colour ◽  
Regional Basis ◽  
Different Levels

The phenotypic diversity of 32 landrace populations of tetraploid wheats originating from the Bale and Wello regions of Ethiopia was studied. Eight heritable qualitative traits (glume hairiness, glume colour, awnedness, awn length, beak awn, awn colour, spike density, seed colour) were measured on 2453 individual plants (45–110 plants per landrace). The frequencies of each phenotypic class were used to estimate and analyse the diversity at different levels (population, altitude, region). Beak awn and seed colour showed the highest diversity index, and glume hairiness the lowest. Glume hairiness, glume colour, beak awn and awn colour were regionally variable, while gradients across altitude were observed for glume hairiness, glume colour and beak awn. Variation was, however, largely due to the differences in the level of the different characters within populations. On a regional basis, a higher mean diversity index was observed for materials from Wello than from Bale. No drastic change in the overall diversity between these collections and those analysed in the 1970s was evident.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of Euscaphis japonica, a monotypic species

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12024
Author(s):  
Wei-Hong Sun ◽  
De-Qiang Chen ◽  
Rebeca Carballar-Lejarazu ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Shuang Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Seed Collection

Background Understanding plant genetic diversity is important for effective conservation and utilization of genetic resources. Euscaphis japonica (Thunb.) Dippel, is a monotypic species with high phenotypic diversity, narrow distribution, and small population size. In this study, we estimated the genetic diversity and population structure of E. japonica using nine natural populations and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Our results could provide a theoretical reference for future conservation and utilization of E. japonica. Results We obtained a total of 122 DNA bands, of which 121 (99.18%) were polymorphic. The average number of effective alleles (Ne = 1.4975), Nei’s gene diversity index (H = 0.3016), and Shannon’s information index (I = 0.4630) revealed that E. japonica possessed a high level of genetic diversity. We observed that E. japonica consisted of both deciduous and evergreen populations. UPGMA tree showed that the evergreen and deciduous E. japonica form a sister group. There is little genetic differentiation among geographic populations based on STRUCTURE analysis. The Dice’s similarity coefficient between the deciduous and evergreen populations was low, and the Fst value was high, indicating that these two types of groups have high degree of differentiation. Conclusion Rich genetic diversity has been found in E. japonica, deciduous E. japonica and evergreen E. japonica populations, and genetic variation mainly exists within the population. The low-frequency gene exchange between deciduous and evergreen populations may be the result of the differentiation of deciduous and evergreen populations. We suggest that in-situ protection, seed collection, and vegetative propagation could be the methods for maintenance and conservation of E. japonica populations.

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