scholarly journals Chromobacterium violaceumSepticaemia and Urinary Tract Infection: Case Reports from a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu Kaniyarakkal ◽  
Shabana Orvankundil ◽  
Saradadevi Karunakaran Lalitha ◽  
Raji Thazhethekandi ◽  
Jahana Thottathil
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Chromobacterium Violaceum ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Human Infections

Chromobacterium violaceumis a gram negative oxidase positive bacillus that causes human infections infrequently. It is a normal inhabitant of soil and stagnant water of the tropical and subtropical areas. In humans, it can cause infections ranging from life threatening sepsis with metastatic abscesses to skin infections and urinary tract infections. The organism is notoriously resistant to most cephalosporins and Ampicillin. Fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides show good in vitro susceptibility. High mortality rates associated with these infections necessitate prompt diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Here we present three cases ofChromobacterium violaceuminfection from Government Medical College Kozhikode, Kerala.

scholarly journals Bacteremia and Urinary Tract Infection Caused byChromobacterium violaceum: Case Reports from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayan Dutt Pant ◽  
Subhash Prasad Acharya ◽  
Raju Bhandari ◽  
Uday Narayan Yadav ◽  
Dil Bahadur Saru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Chromobacterium Violaceum ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Suitable Treatment ◽  
Tract Infections

Chromobacterium violaceumis ubiquitous in the environment of tropical and subtropical regions but the infections caused by this organism are rare and the urinary tract infections caused by it are even rarer. Due to the propensity for hematogenous spread leading to fatal sepsis, the infections caused byChromobacterium violaceumhave high mortality rate (65–80%) with death occurring in as less as one week of acquiring infection. So, prompt proper treatment is necessary for successful treatment of the infections but, due to the rarity of the infections caused by the organism, there is limited awareness among the clinicians regarding the infections caused by this organism. Here, we reported a case of urinary tract infection caused byChromobacterium violaceumin a 84-year-old male, who was a kidney patient, and another case of bacteremia caused by the same bacterium in a road traffic accident patient (22-year-old male), both of which were managed with the timely suitable treatment.

scholarly journals Incidence and Susceptibility of Uropathogens Isolated among the Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bigu Kumar Chaudhari ◽  
Ganesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Kamal Prasad Parajuli ◽  
Kewal Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Tract Infections

Background Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases which affect almost all ages groups of population. Production of â-lactamases is responsible for antibacterial resistance which is frequently observed in Enterobacteriaceae isolates, particularly by E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. This investigation has been carried out to determine the current status of prevalence and susceptibility of uropathogens isolated among the patients at tertiary care hospital in eastern Nepal.Material and Methods This study was done at the department of Microbiology, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal during May 1st 2015 to October 31st 2015. Midstream cleancatch urine was sampled from 1730 suspected urinary tract infection patients of different age and sex groups. Uropathogens were recognized in term of standard and specific microbiological techniques and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined by Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion method following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.Results Out of 1730 suspected specimens Culture resulted a total of 761 (43.98 %) positive and 969 (56.02%) negative among that significant growths of uropathogens including 700 (91.98 %) unimicrobial and 60 (7.88 %) polymicrobial growths. In term of Gender distribution 443 (25.60 %) were male and 1287 (74.40 %) were female hence the ratio is 0.34:1, respectively. E. coli was the leading isolate (66 %), followed by Klebsiella spp. (12 %), Enterococcus spp. (8 %), Pseudomonas spp. (6 %), Acinetobacter anitratus (5 %), Proteus spp. (3 %).Conclusion The high frequency of multidrug resistance in bacterial uropathogens was seen. Principally, resistance patterns were seen higher for amoxycillin, co-trimoxazole, flouroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins, Existing uropathogens highlights the highest rate of vulnerability to nitrofurantoin, amikacin and gentamicin which provide much better antibiotic coverage and can be adapted for practical treatment of urinary tract infections.  Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol.5(2) 2016; 51-55

scholarly journals Trend of Sensitivity Pattern of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli: Five Year Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-105
Author(s):  
Most. Fahmida Begum ◽  
Abu Syed Md. Mosaddek ◽  
Kawser Perveen ◽  
Rezina Karim ◽  
Nurun Nahar Begum
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infections are among the most common bacterial infections caused by pathogens with a decreasing susceptibility to several classes of antimicrobials.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the trend of sensitivity pattern of Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from the urinary tract patients.Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted at Uttara Adhunik Medical College Hospital, Dhaka from 2008 to 2012 for a period of 5(five) years. All patients were within ages 1 month to 80 years, comprising of both male and female, either out or in patients were included as study population. Urine sample was collected and Escherichia coli was isolated and identified as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns was determined.Results: A total number of 16,666 urine samples were collected. No significant changes of susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli was found to ciprofloxacin, cephradine, ceftriaxone, levofloxacin,  nalidixic  acid,  imipenem  and  meropenem;  however,  significant  change  was  detected  to amoxicillin, amoxiclav, cefixime, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amikacin, ceftazidime and mecillinam between 2008 and 2012.Conclusion: Trend of sensitivity pattern of Escherichia coli is changing to few important antibiotics.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v5i2.20766J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2013;5(2):103-105

scholarly journals Association of Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Treatment Outcome in Acne Vulgaris Patients: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
Ashvini K. Yadav ◽  
Suneel Bhooshan ◽  
Allen Johnson ◽  
Dinesh P. Asati ◽  
Shashwati Nema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Persistent Infections ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes

Abstract Purpose Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is an emerging pathogen that is highly resistant to antibiotics and is capable of causing persistent infections that are difficult to treat. Methods & Materials Acne vulgaris patients visiting dermatology OPD of our tertiary care hospital during the study period of 2 months were recruited. Skin swabs were collected, and the sample was processed on 5% sheep-blood agar for anaerobic culture by the GasPak method. Isolates were identified by the standard biochemical test. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for clinically relevant antibiotics by the E-strip method. The clinical response was evaluated after 1-month follow-up to the prescribed antibiotics. Results Minocycline, doxycycline, ceftriaxone, and tetracycline were the most effective antibiotics. Nonsusceptibility to clindamycin and erythromycin were observed in 11.9% and 31% isolates, respectively, with 9.5% isolates being nonsusceptible to both. For none of the antibiotics we found significant difference in the proportion of susceptible and nonsusceptible isolates between mild, moderate, and severe grades of acne vulgaris. For none of the antibiotic regimens, significant difference was observed between nonresponders and responders. Twenty-seven patients received clindamycin and among them 16 of 19 responders and 6 of 8 nonresponders yielded growth of clindamycin-susceptible isolates (p = 0.57). Conclusion We observed significant prevalence of resistant strains of C. acnes among patients with acne vulgaris. No association was observed between in vitro susceptibility results and treatment outcome.

scholarly journals Infection surveillance analysis of catheter associated urinary tract infections in obstetrics and gynecology department of a tertiary care hospital of Central India

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Mudita Jain ◽  
Rituja Kaushal ◽  
Malini Bharadwaj
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Central India ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: The prevalence of catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) in the catheterized patients in acute care settings (catheter used for <7 days) is 3%-7%, in patients who require a urinary catheter for >7 days, it is up to 25% and it approaches 100% after 30 days. As device related hospital acquired infections are imposing major threats in surgical realm of medical sciences, this study was undertaken with the objective to asses catheter related urinary tract infections magnitude.Methods: This study was undertaken in a tertiary care setting of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of a Central Indian city. It is a prospective study conducted over a full year span from April 2016 to March 2017.Results: CAUTI was calculated as 8.95 per thousand catheter days for the whole study period. Out of the total number of 18 urinary isolates, E. Coli and Enterococcus species were more commonly implicated.Conclusions: In order to restraint the enigma, a multidisciplinary integrated approach including periodic training sessions for all health care workers based on bundled care interventions supervisory checklists etc. is needed. Aseptic techniques along with IDSA (Infectious disease society of America) guidelines/other similar protocols are recommended to bring down overall prevalence. Prudent use of antibiotics is to be accorded as per antibiotic stewardship program to combat drug resistance.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of multidrug-resistant isolates from patients with catheter-associated urinary tract infection in a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 206-211
Author(s):  
Jaison Jayakaran ◽  
Nirupa Soundararajan ◽  
Priyadarshini Shanmugam
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain as the most common infection. Catheter-associated (CA) UTI can lead to bacteremia and thereby is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients in our country. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study aims to check the prevalence of CAUTI and study the phenotypic and genotypic characters of the multidrug-resistant organisms in a tertiary care hospital, with special reference to NDM-1 and OXA-23. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 231 urine samples from patients with CA-UTI in different wards in a tertiary care hospital over a period of 3 months between June and August 2018 were collected and processed following the standard protocol. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by disk-diffusion method. Modified Hodge test (MHT) was done to isolate carbapenem-resistant isolates, and polymerase chain reaction was done to detect NDM-1 and OXA-23. RESULTS: Out of 231 samples, 101 samples yielded significant growth. These 38 samples were Gram-negative bacilli which were resistant to carbapenems. Out of the 38 which showed carbapenem resistance, 23 were MHT positive. Out of the 23 MHT-positive isolates, 8 (21.05%) were positive for NDM-1 gene and only 1 (2.6%) was positive for the OXA-23 gene. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that carbapenem-resistant isolates from all the CA urinary tract-infected patients were 52.77% and most of them were Klebsiella. About 21% of them harbored the NDM-1 gene whereas only 2% had the OXA-23 gene. There has been an alarming increase in the spread of carbapenem resistance.

Evaluation of in vitro susceptibility of Gram-positive pathogens from a tertiary care hospital in Singapore to a novel oxazolidinone, tedizolid, by a gradient diffusion method and broth microdilution

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
Saugata Choudhury ◽  
Lee Kar Mun ◽  
Esme Ng Chu Xuan ◽  
Lee Shin Jia ◽  
Shawn Vasoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Gradient Diffusion

We compared the in vitro antimicrobial activities of tedizolid and linezolid on the Sensititre broth microdilution system for Gram-positive cocci isolates (n=146) from skin and skin structure infections and bloodstream infections, bronchoalveolar lavage and sputum. These pathogens included 40 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 38 coagulase-negative staphylococci, 20 Enterococcus faecalis and 48 beta-haemolytic Streptococcus spp. Susceptibility was simultaneously determined for 48 vanA vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolates 2013–2016 from rectal swabs (23 E. faecalis and 25 E. faecium, of which 4 were linezolid-non-susceptible). MIC90s for tedizolid were fourfold to eightfold lower than linezolid on the Sensititre and ranged from 0.12 to 0.5 µg/mL for the different pathogen groups. All isolates were susceptible to tedizolid except two vanA E. faecium strains (MICs of 1 and 2 µg/mL, respectively). Categorical and essential agreement for tedizolid were 99.48% and 92%, respectively, between Liofilchem gradient diffusion and Sensititre methods. Overall, the drug exhibited excellent activity against the surveyed Gram-positive pathogens.

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