scholarly journals Incidence and Susceptibility of Uropathogens Isolated among the Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bigu Kumar Chaudhari ◽  
Ganesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Kamal Prasad Parajuli ◽  
Kewal Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Tract Infections

Background Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases which affect almost all ages groups of population. Production of â-lactamases is responsible for antibacterial resistance which is frequently observed in Enterobacteriaceae isolates, particularly by E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. This investigation has been carried out to determine the current status of prevalence and susceptibility of uropathogens isolated among the patients at tertiary care hospital in eastern Nepal.Material and Methods This study was done at the department of Microbiology, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal during May 1st 2015 to October 31st 2015. Midstream cleancatch urine was sampled from 1730 suspected urinary tract infection patients of different age and sex groups. Uropathogens were recognized in term of standard and specific microbiological techniques and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined by Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion method following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.Results Out of 1730 suspected specimens Culture resulted a total of 761 (43.98 %) positive and 969 (56.02%) negative among that significant growths of uropathogens including 700 (91.98 %) unimicrobial and 60 (7.88 %) polymicrobial growths. In term of Gender distribution 443 (25.60 %) were male and 1287 (74.40 %) were female hence the ratio is 0.34:1, respectively. E. coli was the leading isolate (66 %), followed by Klebsiella spp. (12 %), Enterococcus spp. (8 %), Pseudomonas spp. (6 %), Acinetobacter anitratus (5 %), Proteus spp. (3 %).Conclusion The high frequency of multidrug resistance in bacterial uropathogens was seen. Principally, resistance patterns were seen higher for amoxycillin, co-trimoxazole, flouroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins, Existing uropathogens highlights the highest rate of vulnerability to nitrofurantoin, amikacin and gentamicin which provide much better antibiotic coverage and can be adapted for practical treatment of urinary tract infections.  Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol.5(2) 2016; 51-55

scholarly journals Occurrence of urinary tract infection among children attending Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Pokhara, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Gautam ◽  
S Regmi ◽  
NT Magar ◽  
B Subedi ◽  
T Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Tract Infections

INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is considered as the most common bacterial infectious disease seen among the pediatric patients. Most commonly, members of Enterobacteriaceae, particularly uropathogenic strains of E. coli and Enterobacter spp. are the primary causative pathogens of UTI in the different part of the world. Emergence of antimicrobial resistance rates among pathogens recovered from urinary tract infections is an increasing problem in the specific region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prevalence and anti microbial susceptibility pattern of the bacterial uropathogens isolated from the children attending Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Reserch Center (GMC) Nepal. A total of 155 children aged upto 15 years were included in this study. Urine cultures were carried out and the isolates were identified by Gram staining and conventional biochemical methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). RESULTS: In the present study 21.3 % of the sample size, showed significant bacterial growth. E. coli was the most frequently occurring pathogen (39.40%), followed by Proteus spp. 21.2%, Citrobacter spp. and Streptococcus faecalis (12.1%) Klebsiella spp. (9.1%), and Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter (3.0%). Susceptibility rate of E. coli were 69.2% to Gentamycin and Amikacin, 53.8% to Norfloxacin, 38.4% to Nalidixic acid and Norfloxacin. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric urine culture isolates were becoming increasingly resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Finally, we suggest that empirical antibiotic selection should be based on knowledge of the local prevalence of bacterial organisms and antibiotic sensitivities rather than on universal guidelines. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8665   Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(3):82-86

scholarly journals FLUOROQUINOLONE RESISTANCE PATTERN AMONG THE PATHOGENS CAUSING URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN KANCHIPURAM DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Shanthi Bamukumar ◽  
Kannan I ◽  
Sukumar Rg
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
E Coli

  Objective: The aim is to study the fluoroquinolone resistance pattern among the pathogens causing urinary tract infection (UTI).Methods: This study was done during January to July 2016 in Tagore Medical College including both hospitalized and out patients. During this 7-month study, around 2695 urine samples were analyzed for the evidence of UTI. 718 samples were culture positive. 366 samples showed fluoroquinolones resistance (50.9%). They were screened for all fluoroquinolone drugs by doing antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute CLSI guidelines.Results: The resistance pattern of different isolates to norfloxacin is Klebsiella pneumoniae - 20%, Escherichia coli - 51.4%, Enterococci - 11.1%, Proteus mirabilis - 50%, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus - 37.5%; For nalidixic acid is K pneumoniae - 25%, E. coli - 6.8%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa - 71.4%, Enterococci - 11.1%, P. mirabilis - 25%, and S. saprophyticus - 25%; For ciprofloxacin is K. pneumoniae - 5%, E. coli - 5.4%, P. mirabilis - 25%, and S. saprophyticus - 25%; and For ofloxacin is K. pneumoniae - 10%, E. coli - 5.4%, Enterococci 11.1%, and S. saprophyticus 62.5%.Conclusion: Due to increasing resistance to fluoroquinolones in many hospitals and to make the developing resistance rates under control, empirical usage of it is either abandoned or should be restricted.

scholarly journals PSEUDOMONAS SPECIES CAUSING URINARY TRACT INFECTION AND ITS ANTIBIOGRAM AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Shobha Kl ◽  
Ramachandra L ◽  
Amita Shobha Rao ◽  
Anand Km ◽  
Gowrish Rao S
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Significant Bacteriuria

  Objectives: Pseudomonas species cause urinary tract infection (UTI). This study was conducted to isolate Pseudomonas species causing significant bacteriuria and to analyze its antibiogram at a tertiary care hospital.Methods: About 107 urine samples received in the laboratory from August 2015 to July 2016 having significant bacteriuria with Pseudomonas species were tested for antimicrobial activity. Samples were from both inpatients and patients attending as outpatients to a tertiary care hospital with different age groups and gender. Midstream urine samples were inoculated using a standard calibrated loop into blood agar and MacConkey agar following semi quantitative technique using Kass concept. MALD (Biomerio, ElToile, France) was used for speciation, and Vitex automated system (Biomerio, ElToile, France) was used for antibacterial sensitivity testing.Results: About 107 urine samples contained Pseudomonas species by MALDI obtained from 69 male (64.48%) and 38 (35.51%) female patients. Inpatients were 90 (84.11%) and 17 (15.88%) outpatient department (OPD) patients. Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was from 90 samples (84.11%) and Pseudomonas putida in 17 (15.88%). Significant bacteriuria was more in the age group of ˃60 years in both genders. Susceptibility to gentamicin was 52 (48.59%), ceftazidime 56 (52.33%), and imipenem was 58 (54.20%). Organism was multidrug resistant in 49 (45.79%) samples.Conclusion: P. aeruginosa remains the most common uropathogen among Pseudomonas species. Drug of choice for inpatients suffering from UTI by Pseudomonas species can be gentamicin and for patients attending OPD can be ceftazidime. Imipenem can be the reserve drug. Periodic antibiotic review is required for proper treatment of UTI.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of multidrug-resistant isolates from patients with catheter-associated urinary tract infection in a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 206-211
Author(s):  
Jaison Jayakaran ◽  
Nirupa Soundararajan ◽  
Priyadarshini Shanmugam
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain as the most common infection. Catheter-associated (CA) UTI can lead to bacteremia and thereby is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients in our country. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study aims to check the prevalence of CAUTI and study the phenotypic and genotypic characters of the multidrug-resistant organisms in a tertiary care hospital, with special reference to NDM-1 and OXA-23. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 231 urine samples from patients with CA-UTI in different wards in a tertiary care hospital over a period of 3 months between June and August 2018 were collected and processed following the standard protocol. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by disk-diffusion method. Modified Hodge test (MHT) was done to isolate carbapenem-resistant isolates, and polymerase chain reaction was done to detect NDM-1 and OXA-23. RESULTS: Out of 231 samples, 101 samples yielded significant growth. These 38 samples were Gram-negative bacilli which were resistant to carbapenems. Out of the 38 which showed carbapenem resistance, 23 were MHT positive. Out of the 23 MHT-positive isolates, 8 (21.05%) were positive for NDM-1 gene and only 1 (2.6%) was positive for the OXA-23 gene. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that carbapenem-resistant isolates from all the CA urinary tract-infected patients were 52.77% and most of them were Klebsiella. About 21% of them harbored the NDM-1 gene whereas only 2% had the OXA-23 gene. There has been an alarming increase in the spread of carbapenem resistance.

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