scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus and Increased Tuberculosis Susceptibility: The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekta Lachmandas ◽  
Corina N. A. M. van den Heuvel ◽  
Michelle S. M. A. Damen ◽  
Maartje C. P. Cleophas ◽  
Mihai G. Netea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Cytokine Responses ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Type 2 diabetes mellitus confers a threefold increased risk for tuberculosis, but the underlying immunological mechanisms are still largely unknown. Possible mediators of this increased susceptibility are short-chain fatty acids, levels of which have been shown to be altered in individuals with diabetes. We examined the influence of physiological concentrations of butyrate on cytokine responses toMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Butyrate decreased Mtb-induced proinflammatory cytokine responses, while it increased production of IL-10. This anti-inflammatory effect was independent of butyrate’s well-characterised inhibition of HDAC activity and was not accompanied by changes in Toll-like receptor signalling pathways, the eicosanoid pathway, or cellular metabolism. In contrast blocking IL-10 activity reversed the effects of butyrate on Mtb-induced inflammation. Alteration of the gut microbiota, thereby increasing butyrate concentrations, can reduce insulin resistance and obesity, but further studies are needed to determine how this affects susceptibility to tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Short-Chain Fatty Acids Improve Poststroke Recovery via Immunological Mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1162-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Sadler ◽  
Julia V. Cramer ◽  
Steffanie Heindl ◽  
Sarantos Kostidis ◽  
Dene Betz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The Role of Diet Related Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Colorectal Cancer Metabolism and Survival: Prevention and Therapeutic Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (24) ◽  
pp. 4087-4108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Daniela Gomes ◽  
Cláudia Suellen Oliveira ◽  
João Azevedo-Silva ◽  
Marta R. Casanova ◽  
Judite Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cancer Metabolism ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. CRC increased risk has been associated with alterations in the intestinal microbiota, with decreased production of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs). SCFAs produced in the human colon are the major products of bacterial fermentation of undigested dietary fiber and starch. While colonocytes use the three major SCFAs, namely acetate, propionate and butyrate, as energy sources, transformed CRC cells primarily undergo aerobic glycolysis. Compared to normal colonocytes, CRC cells exhibit increased sensitivity to SCFAs, thus indicating they play an important role in cell homeostasis. Manipulation of SCFA levels in the intestine, through changes in microbiota, has therefore emerged as a potential preventive/therapeutic strategy for CRC. Interest in understanding SCFAs mechanism of action in CRC cells has increased in the last years. Several SCFA transporters like SMCT-1, MCT-1 and aquaporins have been identified as the main transmembrane transporters in intestinal cells. Recently, it was shown that acetate promotes plasma membrane re-localization of MCT-1 and triggers changes in the glucose metabolism. SCFAs induce apoptotic cell death in CRC cells, and further mechanisms have been discovered, including the involvement of lysosomal membrane permeabilization, associated with mitochondria dysfunction and degradation. : In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge on the transport of SCFAs by CRC cells and their effects on CRC metabolism and survival. The impact of increasing SCFA production by manipulation of colon microbiota on the prevention/therapy of CRC will also be addressed.

scholarly journals The effects of myeloablative or non-myeloablative total body irradiations on intestinal tract in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengyun Zhu ◽  
Jing Liang ◽  
Feng Zhu ◽  
Xue Zhang ◽  
Mengdi Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Acute radiation injury caused by high-dose radiation exposure severely impedes the application of radiotherapy in cancer management. To deeply understand the side effects of radiation on intestinal tract, an irradiation murine model was applied and evaluated. C57BL/6 mice were given 4Gy non-myeloablative irradiation, 8Gy myeloablative irradiation and non-irradiation (control), respectively. Results demonstrated that the 8Gy myeloablative irradiations significantly damaged the gut barrier along with decreasing MECA32 and ZO-1. However, a slight increase of MECA32 and ZO-1 was detected in the 4Gy non-myeloablative irradiations treatment from day 5 to day 10. Further, the irradiations affected the expression of P38 and JNK MAPK but not ERK1/2 MAPK signal pathway. Moreover, irradiation had adverse effects on hematopoietic system, altered the numbers and percentages of intestinal inflammatory cells. The IL-17/AhR had big increase in the gut of 4Gy irradiation mice at day 10 compared with other groups. Both 8Gy myeloablative and 4Gy non-myeloablative irradiation disturbed the levels of short chain fatty acids in intestine. Meanwhile, high dosage of irradiation decreased the intestinal bacterial diversity and altered the community composition. Importantly, the fatty acids generating bacteria Bacteroidaceae and Ruminococcaceae played key roles in community distribution and short chain fatty acids metabolism after irradiation. Collectively, the irradiation induced gut barrier damage with dosages dependent that led to the decreased p38 MAPK and increased JNK MAPK, unbalanced the mononuclear cells of gut, disturbed intestinal bacterial community and short chain fatty acids level.

scholarly journals Modulation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Potential Therapy Method for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ruiqi Tang ◽  
Lanjuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

In recent years, the relationship between intestinal microbiota (IM) and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has attracted much attention. The beneficial effects of IM on the metabolic phenotype of the host are often considered to be mediated by short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly acetate, butyrate, and propionate, the small-molecule metabolites derived from microbial fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates. SCFAs not only have an essential role in intestinal health but might also enter the systemic circulation as signaling molecules affecting the host’s metabolism. In this review, we summarize the effects of SCFAs on glucose homeostasis and energy homeostasis and the mechanism through which SCFAs regulate the function of metabolically active organs (brain, liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and pancreas) and discuss the potential role of modulation of SCFAs as a therapeutic method for T2DM.

scholarly journals Plasma Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Eliška Ivanovová ◽  
Barbora Piskláková ◽  
Jaroslava Friedecká ◽  
Ondřej Krystyník ◽  
David Friedecký ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Composition Characteristics ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents a heterogeneous group of hyperglycemic metabolic disorders that are associated with health outcomes for mothers and offspring. Currently, diagnosis of GDM is based on repetitive measurement of increased fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or upon results showing increased postprandial plasma glucose (PPG). Recently, it was discovered that the changes in the gut microbiome during pregnancy are associated with insulin resistance and obesity. Therefore, in this study, relevant products of gut bacteria, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and their derivatives were evaluated together with baseline body composition characteristics and common biochemical parameters in women with three different phenotypes of GDM, healthy pregnant and nonpregnant women. Plasma SCFA and their derivatives were derivatized, separated on reversed-phase liquid chromatography and detected by a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OH-BA), 4-methylvalerate (4-MVA) and isovalerate (IVA), together with selected parameters associated with baseline body composition characteristics and biochemistry, were evaluated as statistically significant. 3-OH-BA, which was increased in all three groups of women with different phenotypes of GDM, reflects a ketogenic state of GDM. In all groups of pregnant women, elevated/suppressed concentrations of 4-MVA/IVA were found. These findings show the importance of monitoring SCFA and other parameters besides glucose in women with GDM.

Effect of short-chain fatty acids on the ethylene pathway in embryonic axes of Cicer arietinum during germination

1994 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Gallardo ◽  
Paloma Munoz De Rueda ◽  
Angel Jesus Matilla ◽  
Isabel Maria Sanchez-Calle
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids
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