scholarly journals Plasma Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Eliška Ivanovová ◽  
Barbora Piskláková ◽  
Jaroslava Friedecká ◽  
Ondřej Krystyník ◽  
David Friedecký ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Composition Characteristics ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents a heterogeneous group of hyperglycemic metabolic disorders that are associated with health outcomes for mothers and offspring. Currently, diagnosis of GDM is based on repetitive measurement of increased fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or upon results showing increased postprandial plasma glucose (PPG). Recently, it was discovered that the changes in the gut microbiome during pregnancy are associated with insulin resistance and obesity. Therefore, in this study, relevant products of gut bacteria, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and their derivatives were evaluated together with baseline body composition characteristics and common biochemical parameters in women with three different phenotypes of GDM, healthy pregnant and nonpregnant women. Plasma SCFA and their derivatives were derivatized, separated on reversed-phase liquid chromatography and detected by a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OH-BA), 4-methylvalerate (4-MVA) and isovalerate (IVA), together with selected parameters associated with baseline body composition characteristics and biochemistry, were evaluated as statistically significant. 3-OH-BA, which was increased in all three groups of women with different phenotypes of GDM, reflects a ketogenic state of GDM. In all groups of pregnant women, elevated/suppressed concentrations of 4-MVA/IVA were found. These findings show the importance of monitoring SCFA and other parameters besides glucose in women with GDM.

scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus and Increased Tuberculosis Susceptibility: The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekta Lachmandas ◽  
Corina N. A. M. van den Heuvel ◽  
Michelle S. M. A. Damen ◽  
Maartje C. P. Cleophas ◽  
Mihai G. Netea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Cytokine Responses ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Type 2 diabetes mellitus confers a threefold increased risk for tuberculosis, but the underlying immunological mechanisms are still largely unknown. Possible mediators of this increased susceptibility are short-chain fatty acids, levels of which have been shown to be altered in individuals with diabetes. We examined the influence of physiological concentrations of butyrate on cytokine responses toMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Butyrate decreased Mtb-induced proinflammatory cytokine responses, while it increased production of IL-10. This anti-inflammatory effect was independent of butyrate’s well-characterised inhibition of HDAC activity and was not accompanied by changes in Toll-like receptor signalling pathways, the eicosanoid pathway, or cellular metabolism. In contrast blocking IL-10 activity reversed the effects of butyrate on Mtb-induced inflammation. Alteration of the gut microbiota, thereby increasing butyrate concentrations, can reduce insulin resistance and obesity, but further studies are needed to determine how this affects susceptibility to tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Short-chain fatty acids as novel therapeutics for gestational diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Rebecca Roy ◽  
Caitlyn Nguyen-Ngo ◽  
Martha Lappas
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Signalling ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Serine Phosphorylation ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects up to 16% of pregnant women and is associated with significant long-term health detriments for the mother and her offspring. Two central features of GDM are low-grade inflammation and maternal peripheral insulin resistance, therefore therapeutics which target these may be most effective at preventing the development of GDM. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate and propionate, are metabolites produced from the fermentation of dietary fibre by intestinal microbiota. SCFAs possess anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of SCFAs on inflammation and insulin signalling defects in an in vitro model of GDM. Human placenta, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and s.c. adipose tissue (SAT) were stimulated with either the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF or bacterial product lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The SCFAs butyrate and propionate blocked TNF- and LPS-induced mRNA expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in placenta, VAT and SAT. Primary human cells isolated from skeletal muscle were stimulated with TNF to assess the effect of SCFAs on inflammation-induced defects in the insulin signalling pathway. Butyrate and propionate were found to reverse TNF-induced increases in IRS-1 serine phosphorylation and decreases in glucose uptake. Butyrate and propionate exerted these effects by preventing ERK activation. Taken together, these results suggest that the SCFAs may be able to improve insulin sensitivity and prevent inflammation induced by sterile or bacterial inflammation. Future in vivo studies are warranted to investigate the efficacy and safety of SCFAs in preventing insulin resistance and inflammation associated with GDM.

scholarly journals Modulation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Potential Therapy Method for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ruiqi Tang ◽  
Lanjuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

In recent years, the relationship between intestinal microbiota (IM) and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has attracted much attention. The beneficial effects of IM on the metabolic phenotype of the host are often considered to be mediated by short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly acetate, butyrate, and propionate, the small-molecule metabolites derived from microbial fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates. SCFAs not only have an essential role in intestinal health but might also enter the systemic circulation as signaling molecules affecting the host’s metabolism. In this review, we summarize the effects of SCFAs on glucose homeostasis and energy homeostasis and the mechanism through which SCFAs regulate the function of metabolically active organs (brain, liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and pancreas) and discuss the potential role of modulation of SCFAs as a therapeutic method for T2DM.

Effect of short-chain fatty acids on the ethylene pathway in embryonic axes of Cicer arietinum during germination

1994 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Gallardo ◽  
Paloma Munoz De Rueda ◽  
Angel Jesus Matilla ◽  
Isabel Maria Sanchez-Calle
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Short-Chain Fatty Acids Prevent Diabetic Nephropathy In Vivo and In Vitro

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 92-OR ◽  
Author(s):  
WEI HUANG ◽  
YONG XU ◽  
YOUHUA XU ◽  
LUPING ZHOU ◽  
CHENLIN GAO
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids
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