scholarly journals Effects of Short-Term Physical Activity Interventions on Simple and Choice Response Times

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Norton ◽  
Lynda Norton ◽  
Nicole Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Active Adults

Objective. Response time (RT) is important for health and human performance and provides insight into cognitive processes. It deteriorates with age, is associated with chronic physical activity (PA), and improves with PA interventions. We investigated associations between the amount and type of PA undertaken and the rate of change in RT for low-active adults across the age range 18–63 yr.Methods. Insufficiently active adults were assigned to either a walking (n=263) or higher-intensity (n=380) exercise program conducted over 40 days. Active controls were also recruited (n=135). Simple response time (SRT) and choice response time (CRT) were measured before and after the intervention and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up.Results. SRT and CRT slowed across the age range; however, habitually active participants at baseline had significantly faster CRT (p<0.05). The interventions increased weekly PA with corresponding increases in physical fitness. These changes were mirrored in faster CRT across the study for both intervention groups (p<0.05). No changes were found for SRT.Conclusions. Both PA interventions resulted in improvements in CRT among adults starting from a low activity base. These improvements were relatively rapid and occurred in both interventions despite large differences in exercise volume, type, and intensity. There were no effects on SRT in either intervention.

scholarly journals Effects of a Multicomponent Exercise Program on Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters, Risk of Falling and Physical Activity in Dementia Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaïck Perrochon ◽  
Achille E. Tchalla ◽  
Joelle Bonis ◽  
Florian Perucaud ◽  
Stéphane Mandigout
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Gait Disorders ◽  
Risk Of Falling ◽  
Gait Performance ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Before And After

Background: Exercise programs are presumed to rehabilitate gait disorders and to reduce the risk of falling in dementia patients. This study aimed to analyze the specific effects of multicomponent exercise on gait disorders and to determine the association between gait impairments and the risk of falling in dementia patients before and after intervention. Methods: We conducted an 8-week multicomponent exercise program in 16 dementia patients (age 86.7 ± 5.4 years). All participants were assessed several times for gait analysis (Locométrix®), Tinetti score and physical activity (Body Media SenseWear® Pro armband). Results: After 8 weeks of the exercise program, the mean gait speed was 0.12 m/s faster than before the intervention (0.55 ± 0.17 vs. 0.67 ± 0.14 m/s). The multicomponent exercise program improved gait performance and Tinetti score (p < 0.05). Gait performance (gait speed, stride length) was correlated with the Tinetti score (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Analysis of spatiotemporal gait parameters using an accelerometer method provided a quick and easy tool to estimate the benefits of an exercise program and the risk of falling.

Prehospital Response Time Delays for Emergency Patients in Events of Concurrent Mass Casualty Incidents

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Jungeun Kim ◽  
Chu Hyun Kim ◽  
Sang Do Shin ◽  
Ju Ok Park
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Emergency Patients ◽  
Before And After

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the extent of delays in the response time of emergency medical services (EMS) as an impact of mass casualty incidences (MCIs) in the same area.MethodsWe defined an MCI case as an event that resulted in 6 or more patients being transported by EMS, and prehospital response time as the time from the call to arrival at the scene. We matched patients before and after MCIs by dividing them into categories of 3 hours before, 0-1 hour after, 1-2 hours after, and 2-3 hours after the MCIs. We compared prehospital response times using multiple linear regression.ResultsA total of 33,276 EMS-treated patients were matched. The prehospital response time for the category of 3 hours before the MCIs was 8.8 minutes (SD: 8.2), treated as the reference, whereas that for the category of 0-1 hour after the MCI was 11.3 minutes (P<0.01). The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that prehospital response time increased by 2.5 minutes (95% CI: 2.3-2.8) during the first hour and by 0.3 minutes (95% CI: 0.1-0.6) during the second hour after MCIs.ConclusionThere were significant delays in the prehospital response time for emergency patients after MCIs, and it lasted for 2 hours as the spillover effect. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:94–100)

Relationship between Rate of Preparation for, and Processing of, an Event Requiring a Choice Response

1989 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Maylor ◽  
P. M. A. Rabbitt
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Response Stimulus ◽  
Group Response ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Practice Trials ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

It is known that alcohol increases the time taken to identify signals and to make responses to them, but it is not known whether it also slows the rate of preparation for such events. These two performance parameters are not necessarily related, as age affects the former but not the latter. Twenty subjects participated in a 4-choice reaction time experiment in which they received no alcohol (NA) in the first session and either no alcohol (10 subjects) or 0.8 ml alcohol (A) per kg body weight (10 subjects) in the second session. In each session there were 300 practice trials, followed by 400 experimental trials at each one of five Response–Stimulus Intervals (RSI: 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 msec). There was a significant effect of alcohol such that the reduction in response time from the first to the second session was 39 msec larger for the NA/NA group than for the NA/A group. Response time decreased significantly with increasing RSI, but there was no interaction between the effect of alcohol and RSI. Thus, alcohol slows the processing of an event requiring a choice response; however, like age and individual differences, but unlike practice, alcohol has no effect on the rate of preparation for that event. In addition, an analysis of what happened before and after an error revealed that practice and increasing RSI produce real improvements in performance rather than shifts in the tradeoff between speed and accuracy, whereas alcohol produces a real impairment. It is concluded that the relationship between the rate of preparation for, and processing of, a stimulus is not simple, as one factor (practice) influences both rates, whereas other factors (alcohol, individual differences, and age) influence the rate of processing only.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF REACTION TIME AFTER A WORKPLACE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INTERVENTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-519
Author(s):  
Rafael Cunha Laux ◽  
Sara Teresinha Corazza
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Test System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Market Strategy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Group

ABSTRACT Introduction Work activities have been occupying an increasing amount of time in the daily lives of the population, making individuals less physically active. A job market strategy is to invest in physical exercise programs in the actual workplace to improve the physical and cognitive aspects of these employees. Objective To verify the effects of a workplace physical exercise program on the simple and choice reaction times of public university employees. Methods Twenty-six physically inactive male and female subjects with a mean age of 29.62 ± 6.47 years underwent a program consisting of thirty-six sessions with physical exercises in the workplace, held three times a week over twelve weeks. Simple reaction time (SRT) and choice reaction time (CRT) were assessed before and after the intervention, using the Vienna Test System®, and the results were presented in: I) reaction time, II) movement time; and (III) response time. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted using the statistical program SPSS® (version 21.0 for Windows), with a significance level of 5%. Results When observing the SRT and CRT variables before and after the experiment, we noticed an improvement in reaction time, movement time and response time in the experimental group but not in the control group. Conclusion The workplace physical exercise program was able to reduce the SRT and CRT of the experimental group. Level of evidence I; randomized clinical trial.

scholarly journals Effects of a Physical Exercise Program on Patients Affected with Fibromyalgia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272096507
Author(s):  
Glòria Sauch Valmaña ◽  
Josep Vidal-Alaball ◽  
Pere Roura Poch ◽  
Jacobo Mendiroz Peña ◽  
Robert Panadés Zafra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pain Visual Analog Scale ◽  
The Impact

Background: physical activity has been used for a number of years in the treatment of fibromyalgia (FM). The main objective of this study is to compare the effects of physical activity on 2 groups of women diagnosed with FM in terms of pain, quality of life and the impact of the condition on their daily lives. Methods: this was a randomized clinical trial to assess the effects of physical activity performed by subjects assigned to one of 2 groups on the scores of 3 questionnaires, the pain Visual Analog Scale (EVA), the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) and the SF-36 health questionnaire administered before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 24 subjects were randomly assigned to each of the 2 study groups. No significant differences were found after the program of 3 months of physical activity ended. Conclusions: Our study shows that a physical activity program with duration of less than 3 months does not significantly improve any of the factors studied.

scholarly journals The Distance Threshold (PRE-PRINT)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Jonathan Nyman ◽  
James Michael Lampinen ◽  
Jan Antfolk ◽  
Julia Korkman ◽  
Pekka Santtila
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Eyewitness Accuracy ◽  
Perceptual Distance ◽  
Eyewitness Identifications ◽  
Age Range

Increased distance between an eyewitness and a culprit decreases the accuracy of eyewitness identifications, but the maximum distance at which reliable observations can still be made is unknown. Our aim was to identify this threshold.We hypothesized that increased distance would decrease identification and rejection accuracy, confidence, and increase response time. We expected an interaction effect, where increased distance would more negatively affect younger and older participants (vs. young adults), resulting in age-group specific distance thresholds where diagnosticity would be 1. We presented participants with four live targets at distances between 5-110 meters (m) using an eight-person computerized line-up task. We employed simultaneous and sequential target-absent or target-present line-ups and presented these to 1588 participants (age range 6-77; 61% female, 95% Finns) resulting in 6233 responses. We found that at 40m diagnosticity was 50% lower than at 5m, and with increased distance diagnosticity tapered off until it was 1 (+/- 0.5) at 100m for all age groups and line-up types. However, young children (6-11) and older adults (45-77) reached a diagnosticity of 1 at shorter distances compared with older children (12-17) and young adults (18-44). We found that with increased distance, confidence dropped whereas response time remained stable, and that high confidence and shorter response times were associated with identification accuracy up to 40m. We conclude that age and line-up type moderate the effect distance has on eyewitness accuracy and that there are perceptual distance thresholds at which an eyewitness can no longer reliably encode and later identify a culprit.

scholarly journals Analysis of speed-accuracy trade-offs using the Wiener diffusion model for choice reaction times

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalise Aleta LaPlume
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Response Time Data ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
R Programming ◽  
Speed Accuracy

A methodology review paper on the utility and challenges of modelling speed-accuracy trade-offs in response time data. The paper reviews the importance of accounting for speed-accuracy trade-offs when measuring response times, and provides background on diffusion models for response time data. It then describes a practical software implementation of the EZ-diffusion model to model speed-accuracy trade-offs in choice response time data using the R programming language.

scholarly journals Nutritional Requirements During Training for Special Operation Forces – An Observational Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Rietjens ◽  
Guy Plasqui ◽  
Deafvon A.M.S.W. Frenken ◽  
Jasper Most
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Test Body ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background: Responses to exercise training can vary greatly between individuals. For special operation forces, low responses to training can hamper performance. In this study, we objectively measured strength and fitness during special operation forces training, and assessed potential determinants of the training response. Methods: Twenty subjects were enrolled, and measurements were taken before and after a 9-week training program. Muscular strength was measured as one-repetition-maximum on four instruments, and physical fitness by the Cooper-test. Body composition was measured using deuterium dilution, physical activity by accelerometry and diet quality by food records. Level of significance was p<0.05.Results: During the 9-week training period, body strength increased by 0.33±0.24 N/kg (+7%, P<0.001, and physical fitness increased by 3.5±3.4 mL/min/kg (+6%, P=0.001). Gains in strength were inversely associated with strength at baseline, and positively with activity intensity during the training program. We observed no effect of training on body weight, but body composition was significantly different at follow-up as compared to baseline (16.9±2.5% to 14.9±2.5% body fat, P=0.03). Energy intake was 4491±506 kcal/d and energy balance was -243±306 kcal/d (P=0.04). Average physical activity level was 2.6±0.2 and the average duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was 5:53±0:36h. Over time, physical activity did not change significantly. After adjustment for underreporting, intakes of vitamin C and D were insufficient on average and for most participants.Conclusions: Improvements in strength were modulated by strength prior to the intervention, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during the training. Thus, compensatory declines in physical activity may hamper the effectiveness of the exercise program.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF STRENGTH EXERCISE ON THICKNESS AND FUNCTION OF QUADRICEPS MUSCLE IN SPORTING AND NON-SPORTING 11-13 YEAR OLD CHILDREN

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 928-933
Author(s):  
Lina Levickienė ◽  
Daiva Imbrasienė ◽  
Monika Pocienė ◽  
Vanda Jakubaitienė
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Muscle Strengthening ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
And Function

BACKGROUND: Physical activity is the key factor in a child’s development and strong health. This includes physical, mental and functional body states. In Lithuania, as in the whole world, the physical activity of children is decreasing and this affects their growth and maturation.OBJECTIVE OF STUDY: To evaluate the effect of exercises on the thickness and function of the quadriceps thigh muscle of sporting and non-sporting children 11-13 years of age.METHODS: The research was carried out at one of Kaunas basic schools. Two tests were performed for this purpose before and after the study. In the study, a dominant leg measuring test and the thickness, volume and strength measuring of the quadriceps thigh muscle was performed. The received data was processed using SPSS 17.0 and a mathematical calculator in Microsoft Office Excel. The study lasted 5 months and a leg muscle strengthening exercise program was performed for 30 minutes twice a week. The participants performed 30 exercises in total.RESULTS: The study involved 36 participants, which were grouped in two groups of 18 participants. Assessing the results of a study between a dominant and non-dominant leg, we found that the results of all measurements in both groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). By analyzing the results of sporting and non-sporting groups before as well as after the study and after calculation of Pearson correlation coefficients, a greater link between the measured parameters was determined in the sporting group.CONCLUSION: The results showed that the studied parameters (thickness, force and volume of the quadriceps thigh muscle) statistically increased significantly after strength exercises.

Effects of a 6-Week Straw Phonation in Water Exercise Program on the Aging Voice

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1018-1032
Author(s):  
Chia-Hsin Wu ◽  
Roger W. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Aging Voice ◽  
Before And After

Purpose Semi-occluded vocal tract (SOVT) exercises with tubes or straws have been widely used for a variety of voice disorders. Yet, the effects of longer periods of SOVT exercises (lasting for weeks) on the aging voice are not well understood. This study investigated the effects of a 6-week straw phonation in water (SPW) exercise program. Method Thirty-seven elderly subjects with self-perceived voice problems were assigned into two groups: (a) SPW exercises with six weekly sessions and home practice (experimental group) and (b) vocal hygiene education (control group). Before and after intervention (2 weeks after the completion of the exercise program), acoustic analysis, auditory–perceptual evaluation, and self-assessment of vocal impairment were conducted. Results Analysis of covariance revealed significant differences between the two groups in smoothed cepstral peak prominence measures, harmonics-to-noise ratio, the auditory–perceptual parameter of breathiness, and Voice Handicap Index-10 scores postintervention. No significant differences between the two groups were found for other measures. Conclusions Our results supported the positive effects of SOVT exercises for the aging voice, with a 6-week SPW exercise program being a clinical option. Future studies should involve long-term follow-up and additional outcome measures to better understand the efficacy of SOVT exercises, particularly SPW exercises, for the aging voice.

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