scholarly journals Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis of Buruli Ulcer Disease: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel A. Sakyi ◽  
Samuel Y. Aboagye ◽  
Isaac Darko Otchere ◽  
Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Background.Buruli ulcer (BU) is a necrotizing cutaneous infection caused byMycobacterium ulcerans.Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent morbid effects and misuse of drugs. We review developments in laboratory diagnosis of BU, discuss limitations of available diagnostic methods, and give a perspective on the potential of using aptamers as point-of-care.Methods.Information for this review was searched through PubMed, web of knowledge, and identified data up to December 2015. References from relevant articles and reports from WHO Annual Meeting of the Global Buruli Ulcer initiative were also used. Finally, 59 articles were used.Results.The main laboratory methods for BU diagnosis are microscopy, culture, PCR, and histopathology. Microscopy and PCR are used routinely for diagnosis. PCR targetingIS2404is the gold standard for laboratory confirmation. Culture remains the only method that detects viable bacilli, used for diagnosing relapse and accrued isolates for epidemiological investigation as well as monitoring drug resistance. Laboratory confirmation is done at centers distant from endemic communities reducing confirmation to a quality assurance.Conclusions. Current efforts aimed at developing point-of-care diagnostics are saddled with major drawbacks; we, however, postulate that selection of aptamers against MU target can be used as point of care.

scholarly journals Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Laboratory Confirmation of Buruli Ulcer Disease—Towards a Point-of-Care Test

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e0004219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Beissner ◽  
Richard Odame Phillips ◽  
Florian Battke ◽  
Malkin Bauer ◽  
Kossi Badziklou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Point Of Care Test ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation

scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Sensitivity of Different Diagnostic Methods for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Buruli Ulcer Disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1055-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl‐Heinz Herbinger ◽  
Ohene Adjei ◽  
Nana‐Yaa Awua‐Boateng ◽  
Willemien A. Nienhuis ◽  
Letitia Kunaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Ulcer Disease

scholarly journals Buruli Ulcer, a Prototype for Ecosystem-Related Infection, Caused byMycobacterium ulcerans

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dezemon Zingue ◽  
Amar Bouam ◽  
Roger B. D. Tian ◽  
Michel Drancourt
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Skin Contamination ◽  
Insect Bites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Specific Sequences

SUMMARYBuruli ulcer is a noncontagious disabling cutaneous and subcutaneous mycobacteriosis reported by 33 countries in Africa, Asia, Oceania, and South America. The causative agent,Mycobacterium ulcerans, derives fromMycobacterium marinumby genomic reduction and acquisition of a plasmid-borne, nonribosomal cytotoxin mycolactone, the major virulence factor.M. ulcerans-specific sequences have been readily detected in aquatic environments in food chains involving small mammals. Skin contamination combined with any type of puncture, including insect bites, is the most plausible route of transmission, and skin temperature of <30°C significantly correlates with the topography of lesions. After 30 years of emergence and increasing prevalence between 1970 and 2010, mainly in Africa, factors related to ongoing decreasing prevalence in the same countries remain unexplained. Rapid diagnosis, including laboratory confirmation at the point of care, is mandatory in order to reduce delays in effective treatment. Parenteral and potentially toxic streptomycin-rifampin is to be replaced by oral clarithromycin or fluoroquinolone combined with rifampin. In the absence of proven effective primary prevention, avoiding skin contamination by means of clothing can be implemented in areas of endemicity. Buruli ulcer is a prototype of ecosystem pathology, illustrating the impact of human activities on the environment as a source for emerging tropical infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Point of Care Diagnostics in the Age of COVID-19

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Meysam Rezaei ◽  
Sajad Razavi Bazaz ◽  
Sareh Zhand ◽  
Nima Sayyadi ◽  
Dayong Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Recent Outbreak ◽  
Control Virus ◽  
Biosafety Level

The recent outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated serious respiratory disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), poses a major threat to global public health. Owing to the lack of vaccine and effective treatments, many countries have been overwhelmed with an exponential spread of the virus and surge in the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases. Current standard diagnostic methods are inadequate for widespread testing as they suffer from prolonged turn-around times (>12 h) and mostly rely on high-biosafety-level laboratories and well-trained technicians. Point-of-care (POC) tests have the potential to vastly improve healthcare in several ways, ranging from enabling earlier detection and easier monitoring of disease to reaching remote populations. In recent years, the field of POC diagnostics has improved markedly with the advent of micro- and nanotechnologies. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, POC technologies have been rapidly innovated to address key limitations faced in existing standard diagnostic methods. This review summarizes and compares the latest available POC immunoassay, nucleic acid-based and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats- (CRISPR)-mediated tests for SARS-CoV-2 detection that we anticipate aiding healthcare facilities to control virus infection and prevent subsequent spread.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms Underpinning the Circulation and Cellular Uptake of Mycobacterium ulcerans Toxin Mycolactone

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Tello Rubio ◽  
Florence Bugault ◽  
Blandine Baudon ◽  
Bertrand Raynal ◽  
Sébastien Brûlé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Scavenger Receptor ◽  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Specific Association

Mycolactone is a diffusible lipid toxin produced by Mycobacterium ulcerans, the causative agent of Buruli ulcer disease. Altough bacterially derived mycolactone has been shown to traffic from cutaneous foci of infection to the bloodstream, the mechanisms underpinning its access to systemic circulation and import by host cells remain largely unknown. Using biophysical and cell-based approaches, we demonstrate that mycolactone specific association to serum albumin and lipoproteins is necessary for its solubilization and is a major mechanism to regulate its bioavailability. We also demonstrate that Scavenger Receptor (SR)-B1 contributes to the cellular uptake of mycolactone. Overall, we suggest a new mechanism of transport and cell entry, challenging the dogma that the toxin enters host cells via passive diffusion.

scholarly journals First isolation of Mycobacterium ulcerans from Swabs and Fine-Needle-Aspiration Specimens in Togo.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tchalare Kondi Makagni ◽  
Maman Issaka ◽  
Piten Ebekalisai ◽  
Disse Kodjo ◽  
Essossimna A. Kadanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Needle Aspiration ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Abstract Background Buruli ulcer is a skin disease caused by a mycobacterium called Mycobacterium ulcerans . It is prevalent in more than 33 countries on several continents but West Africa is the most affected. The isolation in culture of the bacteria is difficult because of its slow growth and the facilities required. In Togo, studies have been done on the risk factors for Mycobacterium ulcerans infection and the detection of cases by the Ziehl-Neelsen and PCR technique on clinical and environmental samples, but to date no data of isolates from clinical samples are available. The purpose of this study was to perform an in vitro culture of M. ulcerans from swab and fine needle aspiration samples through the confirmation stages of direct examination and IS2404 -PCR. Method A total of 70 clinical samples from Togo and 10 clinical isolates from Benin are analyzed by the three techniques indicated in the diagnosis, in particular the direct examination of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) using the Ziehl-Neelsen staining, the PCR targeting the IS2404 sequence, and the culture after transport of the samples in a transport medium made of Middlebrook 7H9 medium supplemented with a mixture of PANTA and OADC and decontamination by the modified Petroff method. Results The application of the three techniques of diagnosis for clinical samples yielded 44.28% of positivity rates on direct examination of AFB, 35.71% on culture and 77.14% on qPCR IS2404 with a significantly higher rate for qPCR (0.0001). All samples positive for Ziehl-Neelsen staining and culture were also positive for qPCR. Conclusion : Our results show that the culture, despite it difficulty and the slow growth of the bacteria, can be carried out with recommended tools of the mycobacteria culture and a good method of decontamination of the samples can improve the positivity rates. Its realization will allow the assessment of the in vitro sensitivity to the antibiotics used in the treatment and the discovery of new strains of Mycobacterium ulcerans .

scholarly journals A stepwise approach to the laboratory diagnosis of Buruli ulcer disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 061109085615002-??? ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bretzel ◽  
V. Siegmund ◽  
J. Nitschke ◽  
K. H. Herbinger ◽  
W. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Stepwise Approach ◽  
Ulcer Disease

scholarly journals Aquatic Snails, Passive Hosts of Mycobacterium ulcerans

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 6296-6298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Marsollier ◽  
Tchibozo Sévérin ◽  
Jacques Aubry ◽  
Richard W. Merritt ◽  
Jean-Paul Saint André ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Potential Vector ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Skin Ulcers ◽  
Chronic Skin ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Water Bugs

ABSTRACT Accumulative indirect evidence of the epidemiology of Mycobacterium ulcerans infections causing chronic skin ulcers (i.e., Buruli ulcer disease) suggests that the development of this pathogen and its transmission to humans are related predominantly to aquatic environments. We report that snails could transitorily harbor M. ulcerans without offering favorable conditions for its growth and replication. A novel intermediate link in the transmission chain of M. ulcerans becomes likely with predator aquatic insects in addition to phytophage insects. Water bugs, such as Naucoris cimicoides, a potential vector of M. ulcerans, were shown to be infected specifically by this bacterium after feeding on snails experimentally exposed to M. ulcerans.

scholarly journals OC 8173 RAPID DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM ULCERANS BY RECOMBINASE POLYMERASE AMPLIFICATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A2.1-A2
Author(s):  
Michael Frimpong ◽  
Hubert Ahor ◽  
Francisca Sarpong ◽  
Ken Laing ◽  
Mark Wansbrough-Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Recombinase Polymerase Amplification ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Clinical Sensitivity

BackgroundThere are no primary measures to prevent people from contracting Buruli ulcer, mainly due to poor understanding of its epidemiology. The current control strategy emphasises early diagnosis and prompt treatment, with the goal of avoiding the complications associated with advanced stages of the disease. There is no diagnostic test for the disease appropriate for use at the primary health care level where most cases are detected and treated. Diagnosis based on clinical signs is unreliable in inexperienced hands and complicated by infections that have similar presentations. This study was to develop and evaluate the use of recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay for the detection of Mycobacterium ulcerans at the point of patient care.MethodsA specific fragment of IS2404 of M. ulcerans was amplified in 15 min at a constant temperature of 42°C, using the RPA assay and analysed on a portable fluorometre. The’method was tested for sensitivity and specificity with molecular standard of IS2404 DNA fragment, various M.’ulcerans strains, other mycobacteria and environmentally associated bacteria. Additionally, the assay performance as a diagnostic tool was tested with archived DNA from symptomatic patients. All results were compared with that of a highly sensitive IS2404 PCR.ResultsThe detection limit was 50 copies of IS2404 in 15 min using plasmid standard and 125 fg with genomic Mu DNA equivalent 25 genomic copies. The assay was highly specific in detecting all strains of M. ulcerans with no observed cross reactivity with other mycobacteria and common skin colonising bacteria. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of the BU-RPA assay using clinical samples was 86% and 100% respectively.ConclusionWe have developed a real-time isothermal RPA assay for the detection of M. ulcerans as a cheaper alternative to PCR. Combining this assay with a simple extraction protocol will maximise its use as point-of-care test for Buruli ulcer.

Associations Between Mycobacterium ulcerans and Aquatic Plant Communities of West Africa: Implications for Buruli Ulcer Disease

EcoHealth ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mollie McIntosh ◽  
Heather Williamson ◽  
M. Eric Benbow ◽  
Ryan Kimbirauskas ◽  
Charles Quaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Ulcer Disease
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