scholarly journals Nondestructive Microcomputed Tomography Evaluation of Mineral Density in Exfoliated Teeth with Hypophosphatasia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiko Hayashi-Sakai ◽  
Takafumi Hayashi ◽  
Makoto Sakamoto ◽  
Jun Sakai ◽  
Junko Shimomura-Kuroki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Microcomputed Tomography ◽  
Noninvasive Evaluation ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ct Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Primary Lateral

Most cases of hypophosphatasia (HPP) exhibit early loss of primary teeth. Results of microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) analysis of teeth with HPP have rarely been reported. The purpose of the present study was to describe the mineral density distribution and mapping of exfoliated teeth from an HPP patient using micro-CT. Four exfoliated teeth were obtained from a patient with HPP. Enamel and dentin mineral densities of exfoliated teeth were measured on micro-CT. The mean values of enamel and dentin mineral densities in mandibular primary central incisors with HPP were 1.61 and 0.98 g/cm3, respectively. The corresponding values in the mandibular primary lateral incisors were 1.60 and 0.98 g/cm3, respectively. Enamel hypoplasia was seen in the remaining teeth, both maxillary and mandibular primary canines and first and second molars. Micro-CT enables nondestructive, noninvasive evaluation and is useful for studying human hard tissues obtained from patients.

Hypophosphatasia: Evaluation of Size and Mineral Density of Exfoliated Teeth

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 496-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Hayashi-Sakai ◽  
N Numa-Kinjoh ◽  
M Sakamoto ◽  
J Sakai ◽  
J Matsuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Distribution ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Present Patient ◽  
Ct Analysis ◽  
The Mean

Objective: Most cases of hypophosphatasia (HPP) exhibit early loss of primary teeth. Results of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis of teeth with HPP have not yet been reported. The purpose of the present study was to describe the size and mineral density distribution and mapping of exfoliated teeth with HPP using micro CT. Study design: Seven exfoliated teeth were obtained from a patient with HPP. Exfoliated teeth sizes were measured on micro CT images and mineral densities of the mandibular primary central incisors were determined. Results: Partial dentures were fabricated for the patient to replace the eight primary teeth which had exfoliated. Most primary teeth sizes were within the normal range. The mean values of enamel and dentin mineral densities in teeth with HPP were 1.35 and 0.88 g/cm3, respectively, in the mandibular primary central incisors. Conclusion: Mineral density distribution and mapping revealed that the values in teeth with HPP were lower than the homonymous teeth controls in all regions from the crown to apex. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the differences between HPP and controls were larger on the crown side and the differences tended to converge on the apex side. These results suggested that the present patient showed mild hypomineralization in the primary dentition.

Micro‐CT analysis of the Lisfranc complex reveals higher bone mineral density in dorsal compared to plantar regions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa R. Requist ◽  
Yantarat Sripanich ◽  
Tim Rolvien ◽  
Amy L. Lenz ◽  
Alexej Barg
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Ct Analysis

Volumetric Estimation of Femur Bone for Detecting Osteoporosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1871-1876
Author(s):  
N. Shankar ◽  
S. Sathish Babu ◽  
Allwyn Gnanadas ◽  
V. Rajmohan
Keyword(s):  
Hounsfield Unit ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Neck Of Femur ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Femur Bone ◽  
Femur Neck ◽  
Bone Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Menopausal

Osteoporosis is a diminishing of the bone that prompts break with least compel. It influences postmenopausal ladies and elderly of both sexual orientations. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is one of the parameter identified with bone quality. Double Energy X-beam Absorptiometry (DXA) is at present considered as the “highest quality level” for measuring BMD. Morphometric analysis of femur bone is done on both radiographic images and Computed tomography image. An aggregate number of 50 (n = 50) Indian ladies, 18 solid pre menopausal ladies (n = 18, 36.3±8.7 years) and 32 post menopausal ladies (n = 32, 58±9.1 years) whose age extended from 20–85 years were incorporated. The patients are subjected to take X-ray, CT and DXA. The outcomes gotten by DXA found that 20% and 34% of the Indian ladies were having osteoporosis and osteopenia separately. Using SPSS software, the morphometrics analysis like neck of the bone, width of the neck, thickness of shaft, width of acetabular bone is measured and in CT images using MIMICS software the Hounsfield is measured in neck of femur, trochanter head and shaft. Est volume is calculated through measured Hounsfield unit. These qualities were observed to be diminished by −29%, −23%, −17%, −15%, and −10% separately, when contrasting with typical Indian ladies. The obtained square of the correlation coefficients (r2) were 0.22, 0.25, 0.23, 0.41, and 0.34 respectively. In osteoporotic women, The estimated volume of femur neck were significantly reduced by 71.8% and in measured BMD DXA value is reduced by 36.7% compared with normal women. Further, osteoporotic women, the mean values of BMD-DXA as well as Est-vol. BMD of trochanter were significantly (p = 0.01) reduced by 45.7% and 80.2% respectively, when comparing to normal healthy women. The femur neck and aggregate hip BMD and Singh’s list were lesser by 41.6% and 33.7%, 40% (p < 0.01) individually in osteoporotic post-menopausal ladies, contrasting with typical post-menopausal ladies. The mean estimations of range and the volume of the proximal neck were diminished −20% and −21% in the osteoporotic Indian ladies than in typical Indian ladies.

The influence of alendronate therapy on the quality of life in postmenopausal women with reduced bone mineral density

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Grażyna Bączyk ◽  
Dorota Formanowicz ◽  
Paweł Kleka ◽  
Włodzimierz Samborski
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
General Scale ◽  
Specific Scale

Introduction and objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of treatment on the quality of life (QoL) in postmenopausal women characterized by the reduced BMD.Material and methods: Postmenopausal women (n=102), mean age (65.09±5.6 years) were included in this study. The participants were divided into two groups, depending on the treatment or lack of treatment. For assessment of their QoL, QUALEFFO-41 scale and WHOQOL-100 scale were used.Results: Mean values of the QUALEFFO-41 scale of women who used alendronate were significantly lower than those found in subjects not treated with this drug in the following areas: pain (p=0.03), ADL (p=0.03), jobs around the house (p=0.01), mobility (p=0.01), health perception (p=0.03), emotional function (p= 0.007) and total QoL  (p=0.005). The mean values of the WHOQOL-100 scale almost did not differ significantly between both groups of studied patients. An exception was the level of independence, with mean values of women not receiving bisphosphonates being significantly higher than those of patients using bisphosphonates therapy (p=0.04).Conclusions. Quality of life assessment of women with osteoporosis and osteopenia using a specific scale and general scale can be a valuable clue in the planning of treatment, nursing care and psychological care.

Assessment of Bone Regeneration Using Tooth Ash and Injectable Platelet Rich Fibrin: A Microcomputed Tomographic (CT) Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-804
Author(s):  
Saleh Alshihri ◽  
Mohammed Kindi ◽  
Randa Alfotawi ◽  
Marium Al Hindi ◽  
Osama Alghamdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Socket Preservation ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Trabecular Separation ◽  
Trabecular Number

Introduction: One of the main challenge of bone graft or socket preservation in particular is to get good quality and quantity of bone in short time prior to implant bed preparation. The buccal bone at the crest of the ridge is a very thin bone and usually resorb faster than the rest of alveolar bone which may hinder an optimum dento-osseous implant insertion. The purpose of this study will be to assess the bone regeneration capabilities of Tooth Ash Particles (TAP) with injectable Plasma Rich Fibrin (i-PRF) and Tooth Ash Particles (TAP) alone at defects created in the goat mandible bone using micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT). Materials and Methods: A total, 54 bone defect (5 mm × 8 mm) were performed in the 18 goats. The created defect received different treatment (Tx): Tx.A: Unfilled defect (allow natural bone regeneration; Tx.B: Tooth Ash particle (TAP) alone; Tx.C: Tooth Ash + injectable PRF (TAP/i-PRF). Six goats, were sacrificed at different time points:Group 1: at 2nd week, Group2: at 5th week and Group3 at 8th week. The newly formed bone (NFB) was analyzed using micro-CT at different time points. Quantitative and qualitative assessment were carried out namely; the volume of new bone formation (NF-BV) within the defect and its mineral density (NF-BMD), Trabecular Thickness (Tb Th), Trabecular Number (Tb N) and Trabecular Separation (Tb Sp). Result: By 8th week, the mean NF-BV was 69.482 ± 6.554 mm3 (cubic millimeter), 65.872±6.804 mm3, 26.820±14.643 mm3, while the mean NF-BMD was 0.417±0.119g/mm3, 0.786±0.036 g/mm3, 0.805±0.033 g/mm3 for the defects which received Tx.C, Tx.B and Tx.A respectively. At 8th weekTb Th of NFB was 0.612±0.168, 0.913±0.112, and 0.701 ±0.126, Trabecular Number of NFB was 2.062±0.946, 1.002±0.155, and 1.816±2.042 and, Trabecular Separation of NFB was 0.330 ±0.131, 0.559 ±0.110, and 0.495 ±0.258 for the defects which received Tx.A, Tx.B and Tx.C respectively. Conclusion: Micro-CT study demonstrated that tooth ash particles mixed with injectable Platelet Rich Fibrin (i-PRF) on mandibular bone defect in goat’s model, resulting in new bone with significantly higher volume, mineral density and less remodeling rate when compared with normal bone regeneration of unfilled defects.

scholarly journals Micro-CT analysis of filling ability and porosity of root-end filling materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 362-367
Author(s):  
Mário TANOMARU-FILHO ◽  
Camila Galletti ESPIR ◽  
Katia Cristina Toledo NOGUEIRA ◽  
Fernanda Ferrari Esteves TORRES ◽  
Juliane Maria GUERREIRO-TANOMARU
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Microcomputed Tomography ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Filling Ability ◽  
Ct Analysis

Abstract Introduction Filling ability of retrograde cavity and porosity are important properties for root-end filling materials and may be evaluated by using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Objective To evaluate filling ability and porosity of root-end filling materials using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Material and method Cavities with 1 mm internal diameter and 3 mm depth were prepared in bovine dentin sections by using ultrasonic tips (CVD No. 6.1107-6), and filled by Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA); Sealer 26 (S26) and zinc oxide and eugenol cement (ZOE). Before and after filling, cavities were scanned by using micro-CT (SkyScan 1176). Filling and porosity were analyzed by using CTAn software. Filling ability was calculated based on volumetric percentage of the filled cavity. The number and percentage of closed pores were measured throughout entire extension of the filled cavity (total) and in each third (cervical, middle and apical), by using bi and tridimensional analyses. The filling data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests, and porosity data to Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn tests, at a 5% significance level. Result S26 and ZOE presented higher filling ability than MTA (p<0.05). S26 showed the highest total porosity (number and percentage) (p<0.05). In all thirds after 2D and 3D analyses, porosity was higher for S26 in comparison to MTA and ZOE (p<0.05). Conclusion Although Sealer 26 presented more porosity, the material was associated with a great filling ability. Micro-CT analysis showed no correlation between filling ability and porosity.

37 ANATOMICAL DEVIATIONS IN APPARENTLY HEALTHY, WEANED, CLONED CALVES

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Green ◽  
M. C. Berg ◽  
R. S. F. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT) is associated with increased incidence of abnormal placental and fetal development. NT fetuses often show an overgrowth phenotype involving the liver, kidney, heart, adrenals, and thyroids. About 10% of NT embryos will result in a live calf and only 67% of these will survive to weaning at 3 months of age. Those that survive beyond weaning appear normal but underlying health problems may not be revealed until the animals are stressed, physiologically challenged, or subjected to postmortem (PM) examination. The health and physiology of NT predominantly (75%) Jersey bull calves (n = 11) and Jersey bull control calves (n = 5) derived from artificial insemination (AI) were investigated. Routine blood analyses were carried out at 3 weeks and then at 3 and 6 months of age. The animals were euthanized at approximately 7 months of age and a full PM undertaken, including histological examination of organ tissues. Calf and organ weights were recorded. The bone mineral density (BMD, g cm2) of the left femur was determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The mean values for the various parameters were compared between treatments using one-way ANOVA. One of the calves died at 40 days from acute hemorrhaging in the abomasum, and a second, at 50 days from respiratory infection. The remaining 9 NT and 5 AI calves appeared healthy at the time of euthanasia, and PM results showed no major gross or histological organ abnormalities. Plasma electrolytes of all animals were within the normal range. Mean NT body weight was significantly higher than that of AI calves (169 vs. 141 kg, respectively; P &lt; 0.0001) but this may have been due in part to the minor beef genetic contribution. Comparison of organ weights relative to the total body weight identified the mean relative NT brain (P &lt; 0.0001) and lung (P &lt; 0.01) weights to be lighter than those of controls, whereas the mean relative weight of the chest thymus (P &lt; 0.05), thyroid glands (P &lt; 0.001), and left testis (P &lt; 0.05) were heavier in NT than in controls. Interestingly, mean femur weight (P &lt; 0.01) and mean overall BMD (P &lt; 0.05) were higher in NT than in AI calves. The mean bone shaft BMD of NT calves was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than that of the controls, although no difference in BMD was evident at the growth plate. The current study indicates that surviving NT calves are apparently healthy but still manifest certain organ abnormalities frequently seen in NT fetuses of failing pregnancies. Identification of osteopetrosis of the long bones suggests that osteoclast differentiation or function is altered in NT calves. Modulation of hematopoietic progenitor differentiation by the NT process may explain the osteopetrosis and the reported compromised immune function and response of NT animals subjected to mild stressors since osteoclasts, monocytes, and macrophages are derived from the same progenitor cells. However, further studies are required to test this hypothesis. This work was supported by NRCGD and FRST contract C10X0311.

scholarly journals Micromorphological Analysis of Primary Second Molar with Molar-incisor Malformation : A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-358
Author(s):  
Myunghwan Kim ◽  
Howon Park ◽  
Juhyun Lee ◽  
Hyunwoo Seo
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Pulp Chamber ◽  
Maxillary Central Incisor ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Anatomical Analysis ◽  
Ct Analysis ◽  
Micromorphological Analysis

Molar-incisor malformation (MIM) is characterized by malformation in the root with a normal crown. While MIM mostly occurs in the permanent first molar, it has also been reported in the maxillary central incisor and the primary second molar (PSM), but anatomical analysis of the primary teeth with MIM has not been studied to date. In this case report, a patient with MIM was reported, and an extracted PSM with MIM was analyzed with micro computed tomography (CT). A cervical constriction morphology of the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) can be observed in extracted PSM. In micro CT analysis, characteristics such a mineralized plate (cervical mineralized diaphragm) in the CEJ area, complex root canal morphologies, a calcified mass inside the pulp chamber, and constricted pulp chamber of crown portion were observed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Alveolar Bone Hypomineralization in Hypophosphatasia Patients Using Orthopantomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rena Okawa ◽  
Takashi Nakamoto ◽  
Saaya Matayoshi ◽  
Kazuhiko Nakano ◽  
Naoya Kakimoto
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Healthy Group ◽  
Enzyme Replacement ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a metabolic disease characterized by impaired bone mineralization and early exfoliation of primary teeth. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for quantitatively evaluating alveolar bone hypomineralization using orthopantomographic images. Alveolar bone density was defined according to the pixel values and corrected by brightness shown by an indicator applied to the orthopantomographic device. Images of 200 systemically healthy subjects (aged 2–15 years) were classified into five age groups. The corrected pixel values were significantly lower in the younger group than in those aged 14–15 years (2–4, 5–7 and 8–10 years versus 14–15 years: P < 0.0001, 11–13 years versus 14–15 years: P < 0.01). Orthopantomographic images of 17 HPP patients were evaluated. The corrected pixel values of three-quarters of the odonto type HPP patients were lower than the mean values for the healthy group. One-third of patients treated with enzyme replacement therapy showed higher corrected pixel values than the healthy group. Our results suggest that odonto type HPP without skeletal problems is occasionally accompanied by hypomineralization of alveolar bone, and that alveolar bone hypomineralization in severe HPP patients is possibly improved by enzyme replacement therapy.

Comparison of Various Root Canal Filling Materials and Obturation Techniques for Primary Teeth Using Microcomputed Tomography

2021 ◽  
pp. 232020682110361
Author(s):  
Gulce Ozturk ◽  
Mustafa Aydinbelge ◽  
Husniye Gumus
Keyword(s):  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Microcomputed Tomography ◽  
The Other ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Root Canal Filling ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of different filling materials and obturation techniques for root canal obturation in primary teeth. Materials and Methods: Eighty maxillary primary incisors were included in this in vitro study. After biomechanical preparation, all samples were scanned using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and root canal volumes were calculated. Samples were grouped according to filling materials and obturation techniques, with ten samples in each group. The samples were filled with zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) and Vitapex using four different obturation techniques (local anesthesia syringe, lentulo spiral, pastinject, and lentulo spiral–ultrasonic activation). After filling, samples were scanned a second time using micro-CT and root canal volumes were calculated. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24.0. Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results: When the ZOE and Vitapex were compared, it was observed that there were no significant differences between their postobturated volumes, percentage obturated volume (POV), internal void (IV), and percentage of internal void volume (PIV) ( P > .05). The local anesthesia syringe group had a significantly lower postobturated volume and POV, and a significantly higher IV and PIV for both filling materials than that by the other groups ( P < .05). There was no significant difference between the other obturation techniques ( P > .05). For the local anesthesia syringe group, postobturated volume and POV were significantly higher and IV and PIV were significantly lower with Vitapex than with ZOE ( P < .05). There was no significant difference between the other obturation techniques filled either with ZOE or Vitapex ( P > .05). Conclusion: Except for the syringe technique, no difference was observed between the ZOE and Vitapex materials. The syringe technique used in the primary root canal filling was less effective than the other techniques, which had similar efficacy, and in this technique, more effective canal filling was achieved with Vitapex.

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