Assessment of Social Competence Perceived in Martial Arts and Tendency towards Sport Activities

Considering that the socially perceived competence in athletes shall continue not only the tendency to the sport activities but also the mutual effects of showing more effort and participation in sport activities, our aim is to assess the perceived competence and tendency towards sport activities in martial arts athletes.The study is composed total of 220 athletes, 92 males and 128 females, in the branches of Kickboxing, Taekwondo, and Boxing. In the research, in order to determine the “Tendency towards Sports Activities” and the “Perceive Social Competence” levels of the athletes are used. The analysis of the data is performed utilizing SPSS 22.0 package program. In group comparisons, the Mann-Whitney U Test, Kruskal-Wallis Test are used. The analysis of the data is assessed at 95% confidence interval and p < 0.05 significance level.There are significant differences determined in perceived social competence, total score of tendency towards sports and emotion search sub dimension based on the genders of the athletes. Based on the branch variable of the athletes, in perceived social competence, general scale tendency towards sports, socializing sub dimension and emotion search sub dimension, significant differences are determined.As a result, it is concluded that they follow up-to-date sports regularly and this increases the social competence and sports tendency of the athletes; that Kickboxing athletes, the one who started the sport on their own will and male athletes have higher social competence and sport tendencies.

To Speak or Not to Speak in Public: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial Regarding the Effects of a Public Speaking Program

Public speaking has become an increasingly sought-after skill, which is why more and more people choose to get professionally trained. But is it possible for a public speaking program to have other effects, in addition to improved performance? The aim of this study is to discover the effects of a public speaking program on reducing social anxiety, public speaking anxiety and shame, and also on increasing self-efficacy. The sample (high-school and university students) consisted of 164 participants aged between 15 and 47 years, M = 19.93, SD = 4.70. There were 82 participants in the experimental group and 82 participants in the control group, and the instruments used were: Liebowitz's Scale for Social Anxiety (Liebowitz, 1987), Personal Report on Public Speaking Anxiety (McCroskey, 1970), General scale of self-efficacy (Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1995), Cognitive Schema Questionnaire (Young, 2005). A test-retest design was approached, the participants completing the questionnaires one week apart from the others. The results indicate that a public speaking program is useful for reducing social anxiety and public speaking anxiety, with significant differences between the experimental and control groups. However, in terms of self-efficacy and shame, the results were not conclusive. Thus, even if there has been a decrease in shame and an increase in self-efficacy, it is not clear whether these changes can be attributed to the proposed program. This study can serve as the beginning of a program that can contribute to reducing the level of social anxiety and public speaking anxiety..

Spatialising Grief. A Landscape-based investigation of atmosphere and recovery

<p>I consider atmosphere as a spatial layer of a site and as such, a critical aspect of how urban landscapes are experienced. In this way atmosphere is understood as more than a feeling or sense of connection to a place, thus an intangible fixture that allows spaces to be both unique and general to a person at a given moment (Andersson 73 - 76) .Atmospheric space is thus nonphysical and engages a sensation of emotion and thought rather than the senses of sight, touch, and sound. I identify this layer of space lacks coherence within the urban fabric of cities which tend to focus on landscape as a focus of movement and functions. Spaces for reflection are most often formalised within the city, reflecting on a general scale rather than allowing for individual reflection. Memorials are designed to represent the grief of the city in regards to a specific event and work as a symbolic statement. In this way whilst memorials prompt a form of reflection on collective grief, they do not make a context for individuals personal connections to their own grieving process..This design considers how landscape architecture can design urban spaces that carry such influence. To approach this issue the project uses atmosphere, an ethereal layer of design, to create spaces that allow for positive reflection for those grieving by way of small triggers or ‘vignettes’. These subtle aspects of design prompt a walker experiencing grief to transcend the space, if only for a moment, and aid their recovery process. The project draws on both landscape design discourse and psychology. Research on grief clinically and emotionally has demonstrated a general process of one’s relationship to grief and its eventual transition from a hostile antagonist relation to a friendly companion (Vaughn 36 - 40). This recovery process, yielded in distinct shifts and changes,has formed the basis for the ‘vignettes’ in this design. These moments have informed the design and driven the composition of connection between space and griever. The project explores how atmosphere can be used in design (method) as a ‘connector’ between the user and site. Existing atmospherics of the site are identified and used as a foundation with subtle and minimally noticeable elements. This design approach allows for both a more general engagement for the everyday user whilst creating a canvas for the more reflective walker to interpret. This design research contributes to discourse that uses emotions to create subtle and light handed landscapes. It shows that when engaging with complex emotions, such as grief, joy, and fear, bold or literal gestures in the landscape are not always required.</p>

Spatialising Grief. A Landscape-based investigation of atmosphere and recovery

<p>I consider atmosphere as a spatial layer of a site and as such, a critical aspect of how urban landscapes are experienced. In this way atmosphere is understood as more than a feeling or sense of connection to a place, thus an intangible fixture that allows spaces to be both unique and general to a person at a given moment (Andersson 73 - 76) .Atmospheric space is thus nonphysical and engages a sensation of emotion and thought rather than the senses of sight, touch, and sound. I identify this layer of space lacks coherence within the urban fabric of cities which tend to focus on landscape as a focus of movement and functions. Spaces for reflection are most often formalised within the city, reflecting on a general scale rather than allowing for individual reflection. Memorials are designed to represent the grief of the city in regards to a specific event and work as a symbolic statement. In this way whilst memorials prompt a form of reflection on collective grief, they do not make a context for individuals personal connections to their own grieving process..This design considers how landscape architecture can design urban spaces that carry such influence. To approach this issue the project uses atmosphere, an ethereal layer of design, to create spaces that allow for positive reflection for those grieving by way of small triggers or ‘vignettes’. These subtle aspects of design prompt a walker experiencing grief to transcend the space, if only for a moment, and aid their recovery process. The project draws on both landscape design discourse and psychology. Research on grief clinically and emotionally has demonstrated a general process of one’s relationship to grief and its eventual transition from a hostile antagonist relation to a friendly companion (Vaughn 36 - 40). This recovery process, yielded in distinct shifts and changes,has formed the basis for the ‘vignettes’ in this design. These moments have informed the design and driven the composition of connection between space and griever. The project explores how atmosphere can be used in design (method) as a ‘connector’ between the user and site. Existing atmospherics of the site are identified and used as a foundation with subtle and minimally noticeable elements. This design approach allows for both a more general engagement for the everyday user whilst creating a canvas for the more reflective walker to interpret. This design research contributes to discourse that uses emotions to create subtle and light handed landscapes. It shows that when engaging with complex emotions, such as grief, joy, and fear, bold or literal gestures in the landscape are not always required.</p>

Scrutinizing EFL Teachers’ Emotions in the Indonesian Context of Bandung

This study aims to investigate the most dominant emotions experienced by EFL teachers in the Indonesian context. Two kinds of questionnaires were employed in this study. This research involved participants of Bandung English Teachers. They were 72 EFL teachers who participated on the general scale of phase 1 and 68 EFL teachers who joined the specific scale questionnaire of phase 2. Three dimensions of emotions were explored in this research to know the level of emotions faced by teachers. Also, positive and negative emotions have been explored in this paper. A quantitative descriptive method was used to examine the data from two questionnaires as the main research instrument. This study adapted the Teacher Emotion Scale invented by Frenzel et al. (2016). The descriptive findings show that from two studies enjoyment is the most frequently experienced and anger is the lowest dimension of emotion preferred by EFL teachers. This study has proven the reliability of the research instrument. The research analysis shows that there is an insignificant difference between the two studies and both of them have a very close resemblance.

Development of a Short Scale to Measure Sustainable Product Involvement

This study develops a short, general scale to measure sustainable product involvement. This is done in a Costa Rican context, via a relatively large sample, demographically similar to the national population. The study also evaluates the viability of the C-OAR-SE scaling technique for this purpose. A five-item instrument is developed, its reliability and validity psychometrically confirmed. The scale addresses the levels and types of involvement that consumers might have. It suits not only academic researchers, but also practitioners in different areas. We conclude that C-OAR-SE is a viable technique. It complements traditional psychometric methods well so as to be considered by researchers in the different fields of business.

Observing the Working Alliance in Videoconferencing Psychotherapy for Alcohol Addiction: Reliability and Validity of the Working Alliance Inventory Short Revised Observer

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the mental health and alcohol consumption of individuals. Videoconferencing psychotherapy has become a fundamental mode of treatment for people with alcohol use disorders. However, there are still doubts about its effectiveness and the therapeutic relationship. The working alliance is considered a foundation of effective practice in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Observer measurements of the working alliance have demonstrated reliability and meaningful associations with the reduction of symptoms. However, translations of instruments to evaluate the working alliance and examine its construct have not previously been conducted for online psychotherapy for alcohol addiction. This study aimed for the cross-cultural adaptation of the Working Alliance Inventory-Short Form-Observer (WAI-SR-O) for Brazil and the evaluation of its reliability and evidence of its validity in videoconferencing psychotherapy for alcoholism. The WAI-SR-O was applied by pairs of observers for the evaluation of the working alliance in 19 recorded sessions of videoconferencing psychotherapy of 10 clients with a diagnosis of alcohol addiction. The sessions were also evaluated by the therapist (WAI-T) and client (WAI-C). The WAI-SR-O shows a moderate inter-rater intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC = 0.67) for the general scale, higher ICC for the goals and bond subscales, and a moderate value for the task subscale. The internal consistency was good (a = 0.86). The results show low but significant correlations among the goals and bond subscales of the WAI-SR-O and the general, goals, and bond scales of the WAI-T. No correlations were found with the WAI-C. As the literature points out, the client, therapist, and observer versions of the WAI evaluated the alliance differently, requiring further study. The WAI-SR-O proved to be a reliable and valid measurement for the evaluation of the working alliance in videoconferencing psychotherapy for alcohol addiction, becoming an important tool for the study of the working alliance in telepsychotherapy.

A Novel Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm for Multi-objective Optimization: DSGA

Non-dominated sorting is a critical component of all multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs). A large percentage of computational cost of MOEAs is spent on non-dominated sorting. So the complexity of non-dominated sorting method in a large extent decides the efficiency of the MOEA. In this paper, we present a novel non-dominated sorting method called the dynamic non-dominated sorting (DNS). It is based on the sorting of each objective instead of dominance comparisons. The computational compelxity of DNS is $O(mN\log N)$ ($m$ is the number of objectives, $N$ is the population size), which equals to the best record so far. Based on DNS, we introduce a novel multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) called the dynamic non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (DSGA). Then, some numerical comparisons between different non-dominated sorting method are presented. The results shows that DNS is efficient and promising. Finally, numerical experiments on DSGA are also given. The results show that DSGA outperforms some other MOEAs both on general-scale and large-scale multi-objective problems.

Physical Activity and Resilience among College Students: The Mediating Effects of Basic Psychological Needs

Considering the significance of resilience in coping with adversity, how to improve college students’ resilience is worthy of attention. Previous studies have revealed that physical activity can promote resilience; however, few studies examined the mediating factors between them. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of physical activity on resilience, as well as the mediating effects of competence need, autonomy need, and relatedness need between physical activity and resilience. The study involved 2375 college students (1110 males and 1265 females), with an average age of 20.25 years (SD = 2.04). Participants completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form, Basic Needs Satisfaction in General Scale, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Results showed that physical activity was positively associated with resilience, and the three basic needs played significant mediating roles between physical activity and resilience. The indirect effect of competence need was significantly greater than that of autonomy need and relatedness need. To conclude, physical activity plays an important role in resilience among college students, and the satisfaction of competence, autonomy, and relatedness needs mediates the relationship between physical activity and resilience, among which, competence need appears as the strongest mediator.

Psychological Profile of Machiavellians in the Study of the Symptom Complex of Manipulative Behavior Victims

Fraud is widespread and every day it is more and more creative. Machiavellianism is of great interest for the symptom complex of fraud victims and resistance to manipulative behavior. The authors studied the psychological profile of the low and high machiavellians. The first hypothesis was that low machiavellians have different level of hostility, development of such traits as Consent and Conscientiousness, moral identity, anti-social creativity, and thinking styles, than high machiavellians. The second hypothesis said that machiavellians of different levels have different values. According to the hypothesis, low machiavellians value social focus, while high machiavellians value personal focus. The sample consisted of 150 students (the average age was 18.8 ±1.50). We used the fol-lowing adapted questionnaires: aggression (A. Bass, M.Perry), "NEO-FFI" of the question-naire "NEO PI-R" (P. Costa, R. MacRae), "Mac-IV", behavioral features of malevolent crea-tivity (N. Hao et al.), PVQ-R (Sh. Schwartz), CTI (Epstein). The questionnaire By K. Aquina and A. Reed II (2002) was used to diagnose the moral identity. Low machiavellians have significantly higher (according to the Mann-Whitney criterion) Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, moral identity, higher values of Social focus, General Scale of Constructive Thinking, Naive optimism and significantly lower anti-social creativity, higher values of Personal focus, Categorical thinking, hostility. Naive optimism significantly positively correlated with the values of Achievement, Security – personal, Security – Public, interpersonal Conformity, Universalism concern for nature, Benevolence as the sense of duty". According to regression analysis, the predictors of Naive optimism were the values Security – personal and Security – public. We have compiled a psychological profile of young people with low values of Machiavel-lianism. It includes such features as the importance of moral identity, low hostility, control of one's own impulses, cooperation with other people, consideration of the interests of others, overcoming personal interests for the sake of the interests of others, self-restraint and order. They will not use their own creativity to harm other people; they are able to adapt their way of thinking to the requirements of the situation. The peculiarity of low machiavellians is a high naive optimism, that is situational, and combined with the significance of the values of per-sonal and public security. Naive optimism can manifest itself in situations where somebody can offer something that is meaningful to a person with a naive optimism mindset. In such situations, it is possible to use unconstructive strategies, and be unable to recognize the threat. The listed set of characteristics creates a risk of being manipulated by fraudsters. The results show that thinking styles, values, and levels of self-control are important for the study of manipulative behavior victims and the study of resistance to such behavior in people of different age.