scholarly journals Effect of High Dietary Tryptophan on Intestinal Morphology and Tight Junction Protein of Weaned Pig

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrlene Carine B. Tossou ◽  
Hongnan Liu ◽  
Miaomiao Bai ◽  
Shuai Chen ◽  
Yinghua Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Intraepithelial Lymphocytes ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Weaned Pig ◽  
Daily Gain

Tryptophan (Trp) plays an essential role in pig behavior and growth performances. However, little is known about Trp’s effects on tight junction barrier and intestinal health in weaned pigs. In the present study, twenty-four (24) weaned pigs were randomly assigned to one of the three treatments with 8 piglets/treatments. The piglets were fed different amounts of L-tryptophan (L-Trp) as follows: 0.0%, 0.15, and 0.75%, respectively, named zero Trp (ZTS), low Trp (LTS), and high Trp (HTS), respectively. No significant differences were observed in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain: feed (G/F) ratio between the groups. After 21 days of the feeding trial, results showed that dietary Trp significantly increased (P<0.05) crypt depth and significantly decreased (P<0.05) villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH/CD) in the jejunum of pig fed HTS. In addition, pig fed HTS had higher (P<0.05) serum diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactate. Furthermore, pig fed HTS significantly decreased mRNA expression of tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1 but not claudin-1 in the jejunum. The number of intraepithelial lymphocytes and goblet cells were not significantly different (P>0.05) between the groups. Collectively, these data suggest that dietary Trp supplementation at a certain level (0.75%) may negatively affect the small intestinal structure in weaned pig.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary seaweed extract supplementation in sows and post-weaned pigs on performance, intestinal morphology, intestinal microflora and immune status

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 688-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Leonard ◽  
T. Sweeney ◽  
B. Bahar ◽  
B. P. Lynch ◽  
J. V. O'Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Daily Gain

The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of a seaweed extract (SWE) to sows and weaned pigs on post-weaning growth performance, intestinal morphology, intestinal microflora, volatile fatty acid concentrations and immune status of pigs at days 11 and 117 post-weaning. Gestating sows (n20) were supplemented with a SWE (0v.10·0 g/d) from day 107 of gestation until weaning (day 26). At weaning, pigs (four pigs per sow) were divided into two groups based on sow diet during lactation and supplemented with a SWE (0v.2·8 g/kg diet), resulting in four treatment groups: (1) BB (basal sows–basal pigs); (2) BS (basal sows–treated pigs); (3) SB (treated sows–basal pigs); (4) SS (treated sows–treated pigs). Pigs weaned from SWE-supplemented sows had a higher average daily gain (ADG) between days 0 and 21 (P < 0·05) post-weaning compared with pigs weaned from non-SWE-supplemented sows. Pigs offered post-weaning diets (PW) containing SWE had decreased colonicEscherichia colipopulations on day 11 (P < 0·01) and decreased colonic Enterobacteriaceae numbers on day 117 (P < 0·05). Pigs offered PW containing SWE had a greater mRNA abundance ofMUC2in the colon at day 11 post-weaning (P < 0·05) compared with pigs offered unsupplemented diets. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that SWE supplementation post-weaning provides a dietary means to improve gut health and to enhance growth performance in starter pigs. Dietary SWE supplementation increased ADG during the grower–finisher (GF) phases. However, there was no growth response to SWE inclusion in GF diets when pigs were weaned from SWE-supplemented sows.

Effects of Glutamine on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology and Intestinal Barrier Function of Broilers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. J. Wu ◽  
Z. H. Liu ◽  
C. Jiao ◽  
B. Y. Cheng ◽  
D. D. Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Daily Gain

The effect of glutamine (Gln) on growth performance, intestinal morphology and intestinal barrier function were evaluated in broilers. A total of 320 birds were divided into a control group (CON) and three experimental groups (Gln 1, Gln 2 and Gln 3). Broilers of group CON received basal diet; broilers in group Gln 1, Gln 2 and Gln 3 were supplemented with 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5 % Gln, respectively, for 42 days. The results indicated that Gln has no influence on the average daily gain (ADG) among the treatments in the periods of 1 to 21 d, 22 to 42 d and 1 to 42 d (P > 0.05). However, Gln improved average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed intake: average daily gain (F: G), increased the villus height, villus height to crypt depth ratio (V/C) and the activities of sucrose, the ZO1, claudin-1 and occluding mRNA expression levels (P 0.05). Moreover, Gln decreased the crypt depth of jejunum and ileum in broilers at days 21 and 42 (P 0.05). In conclusion, Gln had a positive effect on growth performance and gut parameters by modifying the function of the intestinal mucosa barrier.

scholarly journals Erratum to “Effect of High Dietary Tryptophan on Intestinal Morphology and Tight Junction Protein of Weaned Pig”

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Myrlene Carine B. Tossou ◽  
Hongnan Liu ◽  
Miaomiao Bai ◽  
Shuai Chen ◽  
Yinghua Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Tight Junction Protein ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Weaned Pig

Nutritional value of high-fat oat groats fed to weaned pigs

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-67
Author(s):  
P Leterme ◽  
C Montoya ◽  
B Rossnagel
Keyword(s):  
Canola Oil ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Weaned Pig ◽  
Daily Gain

Oat groats with high-fat (HFOG) content for weaned pigs were evaluated. The HFOG contained 95 g fat, 159 g crude protein and 5.4 g of apparently digestible lysine per kilogram DM. Weaned pigs (8.5 kg) were fed diets containing 0, 150, 300 or 450 g HFOG kg-1 DM for 4 wk. No difference in overall average daily gain, feed intake or gain-to-feed ratio was observed between treatments. In conclusion, HFOG can replace a mixture of wheat, canola oil and soybean meal (84:7:9) in diets for nursery pigs. Key words: Weaned pig, oat groats, nutritional value, digestibility, growth

The effect of feeding crude glycerol on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weaned pigs

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
R T Zijlstra ◽  
K. Menjivar ◽  
E. Lawrence ◽  
E. Beltranena
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Weaned Pig ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine

The effects of substituting wheat with crude glycerol as a dietary energy source were evaluated. Seventy-two weaned pigs were fed for 4 wk one of three pelleted wheat-based diets containing 0, 4, or 8% glycerol and formulated to 2.28 Mcal kg-1 net energy (NE) and 5.02 g standardized ileal digestible lysine Mcal-1 NE. For day 0 to 28, body weight increased linearly (P = 0.04); pigs fed 8% glycerol were 1.11 kg heavier than pigs fed 0% glycerol. Glycerol inclusion tended to increase average daily gain linearly (P = 0.066) and increased average daily feed intake quadratically (P = 0.037) without affecting feed efficiency (P > 0.10). Feeding up to 8% dietary crude glycerol by substituting wheat can enhance the growth performance of weaned pigs. Key words: Co-product, digestibility, glycerol, weaned pig

scholarly journals The use of phytobiotics in growth stimulation of weaned pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Stamen Radulovic ◽  
Radmila Markovic ◽  
Dobrila Jakic-Dimic ◽  
Dragan Sefer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Phytogene feed additives (phytobiotics) are plant origin compounds used in animal nutrition in order to improve their productivity by improving the production performance of animals, feed properties and the quality of food of animal origin. These additives stimulate animal growth by using their natural and physiological potentials and mechanisms providing conditions for the realization of the genetically projected production volumes. Data on the use of phytobiotics as growth stimulators are incomplete and often very contradictory, especially those related to their impact on the health and performance of weaned pigs. Given the relevance and importance of these issues the feeding trial was organized by the group-control system. The experiment lasted for 40 days and it was divided into two phases of 20 days each. Trial was conducted on 24 piglets, F1 generation of Swedish Landrace and Pietrain, weaned from sows at the age of 35 days. Tests were carried out on piglets, with an average body weight of 8.61?1.59 kg, which were subjected to one of the two feeding treatments immediately after weaning. The control group was fed with a mixture without growth promoters, while the experimental group received a diet containing preparation of phytobiotic (Enviva EO 101, Danisco Animal Nutrition) in the amount recommended by the manufacturer (0.1 kg/t). The mixtures for piglets nutrition were formulated in accordance with the recommendations of the NRC (1998), and AEC (1993) and they met the nutritional requirements completely. During the experiment, there was no disturbance of health and/or the manifestation of clinical signs of disease. The control group, fed with the diet without added growth stimulators, achieved body weight (25.32?6.31 kg), average daily gain (0.42?0.12 kg), consumption (0.89 kg) and feed conversion (2.119 ) normal for a given race, age and housing conditions. The use of preparation of phytobiotics as growth promoters, led to better production results in regard to the control group, which was based on higher body weight (27.19?4.77 kg), higher average daily gain (0.46?0.09 kg) and better feed conversion (2.043). The use of phytobiotic, as an alternative option in growth stimulation of weaned pigs, has its nutritive, medical and economic justification.

scholarly journals Cecal Infusion of Sodium Propionate Promotes Intestinal Development and Jejunal Barrier Function in Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Zhang ◽  
Huizi Chen ◽  
Weiyun Zhu ◽  
Kaifan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Tight Junction Protein ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Sodium Propionate ◽  
Propionate Group ◽  
Junction Protein

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by microbial fermentation facilitate the differentiation and proliferation of intestinal epithelium. However, the role of individual SCFAs, such as propionate, on intestinal development is still unclear. In the present study, sixteen barrows fitted with a cecal fistula were randomly divided into two groups for cecal infusion of either saline (control group) or sodium propionate (propionate group). After 28 days, the length and the relative weight of intestinal segments were calculated, the intestinal morphology was assessed, and the expression of tight junction protein was measured using qPCR and Western blotting. Compared to the saline group, the length of the colon was significantly increased in the propionate group (p < 0.05). The jejunal villi length and villi/crypt ratio in the propionate group were significantly higher than in the saline group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, propionate infusion significantly upregulated the mRNA levels of Claudin-4 and the expression of Claudin-1, Claudin-4, and Occludin protein in the jejunal mucosa (p < 0.05). Collectively, these findings revealed that the short-chain fatty acid propionate in the hindgut contributed to intestinal development, and selectively enhanced jejunal tight junction protein expression.

Temporary lysine restriction in newly weaned pigs does not affect carcass and loin quality at slaughter

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-380
Author(s):  
Adam D. Totafurno ◽  
Lee-Anne Huber ◽  
Wilfredo D. Mansilla ◽  
Cornelis F.M. de Lange ◽  
Ira B. Mandell
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Grower Diet

Two hundred and forty weaned pigs [initial body weight (BW) 7.2 ± 0.07 kg] were allocated to three diets (eight pens per treatment, 10 pigs per pen) to determine the effects of a temporary lysine (Lys) restriction on subsequent growth, body composition, as well as carcass and loin quality at slaughter. For a 3 wk restriction period, pigs were fed diets that were 110% (control), 20% (Lys20), or 40% (Lys40) below estimated Lys requirements. Thereafter, all pigs were fed a common grower diet containing 120% of the estimated Lys requirement for 6 wk (recovery period) and commercial diets until slaughter at ∼125 kg BW. During the restriction period, average daily gain, gain-to-feed ratio, and whole body protein deposition decreased (linear; P < 0.01), while whole body lipid deposition increased (linear; P < 0.001) with decreased dietary Lys concentrations. At the end of the recovery period, there were no differences in BW, although whole body protein concentration tended to decrease and lipid concentration tended to increase (linear; P = 0.07 and 0.06, respectively) with decreased dietary Lys concentrations. At ∼125 kg, there were no differences in BW, chemical composition, or carcass and loin quality. Compensatory growth was achieved by ∼125 kg BW after a 3 wk Lys restriction for newly weaned pigs without negatively impacting carcass and loin quality.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary seaweed extracts and fish oil supplementation in sows on performance, intestinal microflora, intestinal morphology, volatile fatty acid concentrations and immune status of weaned pigs

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Leonard ◽  
T. Sweeney ◽  
B. Bahar ◽  
B. P. Lynch ◽  
J. V. O'Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Depth Ratio ◽  
Villous Height ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

A 2 × 2 factorial experiment (ten sows per treatment) was conducted to investigate the effect of maternal dietary supplementation with a seaweed extract (SWE; 0 v. 10·0 g/d) and fish oil (FO; 0 v. 100 g/d) inclusion from day 109 of gestation until weaning (day 26) on pig performance post-weaning (PW) and intestinal morphology, selected microflora and immune status of pigs 9 d PW. The SWE contained laminarin (10 %), fucoidan (8 %) and ash (82 %) and the FO contained 40 % EPA and 25 % DHA. Pigs weaned from SWE-supplemented sows had higher daily gain (P = 0·063) between days 0 and 21 PW and pigs weaned from FO-supplemented sows had higher daily gain (P < 0·05) and gain to feed ratio (P < 0·01) between days 7 and 14 PW. There was an interaction between maternal SWE and FO supplementation on caecal Escherichia coli numbers (P < 0·05) and the villous height to crypt depth ratio in the ileum (P < 0·01) and jejunum (P < 0·05) in pigs 9 d PW. Pigs weaned from SWE-supplemented sows had lower caecal E. coli and a higher villous height to crypt depth ratio in the ileum and jejunum compared with non-SWE-supplemented sows (P < 0·05). There was no effect of SWE on E. coli numbers and villous height to crypt depth ratio with FO inclusion. Maternal FO supplementation induced an increase in colonic mRNA abundance of IL-1α and IL-6 (P < 0·05), while SWE supplementation induced an increase in ileal TNF-α (P < 0·01) and colonic TFF3 mRNA expression (P < 0·05). In conclusion, these results demonstrate that SWE and FO supplementation to the maternal diet influenced the gastrointestinal environment and performance of the weaned pig.

scholarly journals Dietary 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Supplementation Alleviates Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection by Improving Intestinal Structure and Immune Response in Weaned Pigs

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwen Yang ◽  
Gang Tian ◽  
Daiwen Chen ◽  
Ping Zheng ◽  
Jie Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Villous Height ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

We conducted this experiment to determine if feeding 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) to weaned pigs would alleviate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection and immune response. Forty-two weaned pigs were allotted to 1 of 6 dietary 25(OH)D3 treatments (5.5, 5.5, 43.0, 80.5, 118.0, 155.5 μg 25(OH)D3/kg diet) for 26 days. On day 22 of the trial, all the treatments were orally administrated with PEDV except for one of the 5.5 μg 25(OH)D3/kg treatments, which was challenged with the same volume of sterile saline and served as control. Another 5.5 μg 25(OH)D3/kg group for PEDV challenge was named CON-PEDV. Average daily gain (p < 0.05) was reduced by PEDV infection. PEDV administration also induced severe diarrhea (p < 0.05), reduction of villous height and the ratio of villous height to crypt depth, and increase of crypt depth and serum diamine oxidase activity (p < 0.05). Serum IgM and complement component 4 levels were increased by PEDV challenge. However, 155.5 μg 25(OH)D3/kg supplementation alleviated intestinal damage (p < 0.05) compared with CON-PEDV. Furthermore, 155.5 μg 25(OH)D3/kg supplementation downregulated the mRNA abundance of inflammatory cytokines and interferon signal pathway-related genes (p < 0.05) compared with CON-PEDV. These results suggested that dietary supplementation of 155.5 μg 25(OH)D3/kg could alleviate intestinal damage and protect against PEDV-induced inflammatory status.

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