scholarly journals Dietary 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Supplementation Alleviates Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection by Improving Intestinal Structure and Immune Response in Weaned Pigs

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwen Yang ◽  
Gang Tian ◽  
Daiwen Chen ◽  
Ping Zheng ◽  
Jie Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Villous Height ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

We conducted this experiment to determine if feeding 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) to weaned pigs would alleviate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection and immune response. Forty-two weaned pigs were allotted to 1 of 6 dietary 25(OH)D3 treatments (5.5, 5.5, 43.0, 80.5, 118.0, 155.5 μg 25(OH)D3/kg diet) for 26 days. On day 22 of the trial, all the treatments were orally administrated with PEDV except for one of the 5.5 μg 25(OH)D3/kg treatments, which was challenged with the same volume of sterile saline and served as control. Another 5.5 μg 25(OH)D3/kg group for PEDV challenge was named CON-PEDV. Average daily gain (p < 0.05) was reduced by PEDV infection. PEDV administration also induced severe diarrhea (p < 0.05), reduction of villous height and the ratio of villous height to crypt depth, and increase of crypt depth and serum diamine oxidase activity (p < 0.05). Serum IgM and complement component 4 levels were increased by PEDV challenge. However, 155.5 μg 25(OH)D3/kg supplementation alleviated intestinal damage (p < 0.05) compared with CON-PEDV. Furthermore, 155.5 μg 25(OH)D3/kg supplementation downregulated the mRNA abundance of inflammatory cytokines and interferon signal pathway-related genes (p < 0.05) compared with CON-PEDV. These results suggested that dietary supplementation of 155.5 μg 25(OH)D3/kg could alleviate intestinal damage and protect against PEDV-induced inflammatory status.

Pathogenesis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus isolate (US/Iowa/18984/2013) in 3-week-old weaned pigs

2014 ◽  
Vol 174 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Madson ◽  
D.R. Magstadt ◽  
P.H.E. Arruda ◽  
H. Hoang ◽  
D. Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Virus Isolate ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

scholarly journals Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and the Host Innate Immune Response

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shasha Li ◽  
Jinping Yang ◽  
Zixiang Zhu ◽  
Haixue Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Host Innate Immune Response ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a swine enteropathogenic coronavirus (CoV), is the causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED). PED causes lethal watery diarrhea in piglets, which has led to substantial economic losses in many countries and is a great threat to the global swine industry. Interferons (IFNs) are major cytokines involved in host innate immune defense, which induce the expression of a broad range of antiviral effectors that help host to control and antagonize viral infections. PEDV infection does not elicit a robust IFN response, and some of the mechanisms used by the virus to counteract the host innate immune response have been unraveled. PEDV evades the host innate immune response by two main strategies including: 1) encoding IFN antagonists to disrupt innate immune pathway, and 2) hiding its viral RNA to avoid the exposure of viral RNA to immune sensors. This review highlights the immune evasion mechanisms employed by PEDV, which provides insights for the better understanding of PEDV-host interactions and developing effective vaccines and antivirals against CoVs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antiviral activity of Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

AMB Express ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju-Yi Peng ◽  
Yi-Bing Horng ◽  
Ching-Ho Wu ◽  
Chia-Yu Chang ◽  
Yen-Chen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fermented Products

AbstractBacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) is commonly used as probiotic and its secondary metabolites are attractive anti-microbial candidate. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the antiviral activity of crude extracts from B. licheniformis against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a highly contagious enveloped porcine virus that has caused great economic loss in pigs. In vivo, PEDV-infected piglets supplemented with air-dried solid state fermentative cultivate containing B. licheniformis-fermented products (BLFP) showed milder clinical symptoms and decreased viral shedding. Importantly, no significant systemic pathological lesions and no reduction in average daily gain were noted in pigs supplemented with the BLFP, which suggests that it is safe for use in pigs. In vitro experiments revealed that while B. licheniformis crude extracts exhibited no toxicity in Vero cells, co-cultivation of B. licheniformis crude extracts with PEDV significantly reduced viral infection and replication. Summarized current results suggest that the B. licheniformis-fermented products could be a novel candidate food additive for reducing the impact of PED on the swine industry.

scholarly journals Effect of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infectious Doses on Infection Outcomes in Naïve Conventional Neonatal and Weaned Pigs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e0139266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph T. Thomas ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
Phillip C. Gauger ◽  
Luis G. Giménez-Lirola ◽  
Avanti Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

Immune response of gilts to single and double infection with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

2017 ◽  
Vol 162 (7) ◽  
pp. 2029-2034
Author(s):  
Anchalee Srijangwad ◽  
Christopher James Stott ◽  
Gun Temeeyasen ◽  
Raweewan Senasuthum ◽  
Wanchai Chongcharoen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Double Infection ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea
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