scholarly journals Measles Outbreak among Previously Immunized Adult Healthcare Workers, China, 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengyi Zhang ◽  
Yuan Zhao ◽  
Lili Yang ◽  
Changhong Lu ◽  
Ying Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
The Family

Measles is caused by measles virus belonging to genusMorbillivirusof the family Paramyxoviridae. Vaccination has played a critical role in controlling measles infection worldwide. However, in the recent years, outbreaks of measles infection still occur in many developing countries. Here, we report an outbreak of measles among healthcare workers and among the 60 measles infected patients 50 were healthcare workers including doctors, nurses, staff, and medics. Fifty-one patients (85%) tested positive for IgM antibodies against the measles virus and 50 patients (83.3%) tested positive for measles virus RNA. Surprisingly, 73.3% of the infected individuals had been previously immunized against measles. Since there is no infection division in our hospital, the fever clinics are located in the Emergency Division. In addition, the fever and rash were not recognized as measles symptoms at the beginning of the outbreak. These factors result in delay in isolation and early confirmation of the suspected patients and eventually a measles outbreak in the hospital. Our report highlights the importance of following a two-dose measles vaccine program in people including the healthcare workers. In addition, vigilant attention should be paid to medical staff with clinical fever and rash symptoms to avoid a possible nosocomial transmission of measles infection.

Predicting Measles Susceptibility

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 871-873
Author(s):  
LORING G. DALES ◽  
JAMES CHIN
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Advisory Committee ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of

Elsewhere in this issue, Scott et al1 present results of their study which found that the historical criteria developed by the US Public Health Service Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP) for detecting students who were susceptible to measles performed very poorly in a school measles outbreak. The ACIP criteria designate as susceptible persons born since 1956 who have no documentation of immunization, who have no physician-Venified history of measles infection, who last received measles vaccine before their first birthday, or who were last immunized (at age 12 months or older) before 1968 with measles virus vaccine that could have been either live or inactivated.

scholarly journals Measles Vaccine Virus RNA in Children More Than 100 Days after Vaccination

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 636 ◽  
Author(s):  
McMahon ◽  
Mackay ◽  
Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The 1960S

Measles vaccines have been in use since the 1960s with excellent safety and effectiveness profiles. Limited data are available on detection of measles vaccine virus (MeVV) RNA in human subjects following vaccination. Available evidence suggests MeVV RNA can be identified up to 14 days after vaccination, with detection beyond this rare. In routine diagnostic testing, we used two real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-rPCR) assays targeting M and F genes to identify measles virus (MeV) and MeVV RNA. Confirmatory testing was performed with an N gene RT-rPCR, followed by sequence confirmation of RT-rPCR positives by semi-nested conventional RT-PCR assays targeting portions of the N, H, and L genes. We report detection and confirmation of MeVV RNA from the respiratory tract of 11 children between 100 and 800 days after most recent receipt of measles-containing vaccine. These novel findings emphasize the importance of genotyping all MeV detections and highlight the need for further work to assess whether persistent MeVV RNA represents viable virus and if transmission to close contacts can occur.

scholarly journals Complications and Management of Asymptomatic Patients with Measles Infection During Pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Zacharias N Fasoulakis ◽  
Georgios Galazios ◽  
Vasileios Liberis ◽  
Emmanuel N Kontomanolis
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Maculopapular Rash ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Main Symptom ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
The Family ◽  
Children And Young Adults

Measles virus is a member of the family Paramyxoviridae that causes an epidemic disease with worldwide distribution, with the main symptom of this systematic disease being a prodrome of fever and a pathognomonic enanthema (Koplik spots), followed by a maculopapular rash. The rash usually appears about 14 days after the patient’s exposure and even though vaccination has led the virus to be limited to preschool children and young adults, measles infection can cause severe and even fatal complications in adults, pregnant women and immunocomprised patients. The aim of this article is to highlight the dangers of measles outbreak during a possible crucial and hazardous period for both the mother and the fetus, and to suggest possible management and treatment options during gestation.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic; Anxiety and Depression among frontline healthcare workers: Rising from the Ashes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Sharif ◽  
Faridah Amin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Disaster Plan ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rising Incidence ◽  
Frontline Healthcare Workers ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter gives an insight into the psychological journey of the essential healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The catastrophe which started off with uncertainty, provoked fear-related behaviors among the frontline doctors, nurses and paramedical staff. With meager resources and lack of a disaster plan, fire-fighting was a reflex response of healthcare institutions. Though the whole world seemed to be unprepared for the calamity, developing countries with fragile healthcare systems were more vulnerable to collapse. The negative aura was complicated by mistrust among the general population, regarding healthcare workers, institutions and government. Furthermore, with economic downfall; balancing work and protecting the family was a challenge for HCWs, especially during the pandemic peak. The psychological distress translated to rising incidence of depression and anxiety among them. As institutions gained insight into psychosocial issues of HCWs; support and therapies were offered to them. Positive messages labelling HCWs as “Heroes of the Pandemic” were circulated and structured programs developed to address their needs. With the advent of COVID-19 vaccine, a ray of hope emerged, although there are still apprehensions about its efficacy and side-effects. The whole world now eagerly awaits the calamity to perish while normality can rise from ashes.

scholarly journals Measles outbreak spreading from the community to an anthroposophic school, Berlin, 2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. GILLESBERG LASSEN ◽  
M. SCHUSTER ◽  
M. STEMMLER ◽  
A. STEINMÜLLER ◽  
D. MATYSIAK-KLOSE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Day School ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Routine Childhood ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Catch Up

SUMMARYBetween April and July 2011 there was an outbreak of measles virus, genotype D4, in Berlin, Germany. We identified 73 case-patients from the community and among students of an anthroposophic school, who participated in a 4-day school trip, as well as their family and friends. Overall, 27% were aged ⩾20 years, 57% were female and 15% were hospitalized. Of 39 community case-patients, 38% were aged ⩾20 years, 67% were female and 63% required hospitalization. Unvaccinated students returning from the school trip were excluded from school, limiting transmission. Within the group of 55 school-trip participants, including 20 measles case-patients, a measles vaccine effectiveness of 97·1% (95% confidence interval 83·4–100) for two doses was estimated using exact Poisson regression. Our findings support school exclusions and the recommendation of one-dose catch-up vaccination for everyone born after 1970 with incomplete or unknown vaccination status, in addition to the two-dose routine childhood immunization recommendation.

scholarly journals Measles - an old children's disease to remember

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Marta Custódio ◽  
Tânia Strecht ◽  
Jana Zelinová ◽  
Anabela Marques
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
In The Beginning

Measles is a serious, highly contagious viral disease. The measles virus is a single-stranded, RNA virus of the genus Morbillivirus within the family Paramyxoviridae, transmitted by air, through droplets of aerosols or by direct contact with respiratory secretions of infected individuals. The infection is acquired through the mucosa of respiratory tract or conjunctiva. In 2005, the World Health Organization established that measles eradication in the European Region should be achieved by 2010, but despite the measures adopted by the various countries, measles re-emerged, with 10271 cases reported only in 2013 in 30 states of European Union, with more than 91% of them in Germany, Italy, Netherland and United Kingdom. In the beginning of 2017, Portugal was threatened with a measles outbreak, reporting in the first five months of the year 31 confirmed cases, 20 (65%) of them in adults (18 or older), of which 45% (13) were in health professionals. Because this measles outbreak had so many cases in adults, the authors decided to make a brief review, trying to remember an old infection, not so well known by younger doctors, and that can be overlooked in the approach of the adult patients. The authors also point out that measles virus could virtually be eradicated as there is an effective vaccine and there is no reservoir in nature for the virus other than humans.

scholarly journals Insights into the Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Precancerous Conditions and in Colorectal Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6226
Author(s):  
Zahra Pezeshkian ◽  
Stefania Nobili ◽  
Noshad Peyravian ◽  
Bahador Shojaee ◽  
Haniye Nazari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Second Cancer ◽  
The Third ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Family

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third and second cancer for incidence and mortality worldwide, respectively, and is becoming prevalent in developing countries. Most CRCs derive from polyps, especially adenomatous polyps, which can gradually transform into CRC. The family of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of CRC. Prominent MMPs, including MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-12, MMP-13, MMP-14, and MMP-21, have been detected in CRC patients, and the expression of most of them correlates with a poor prognosis. Moreover, many studies have explored the inhibition of MMPs and targeted therapy for CRC, but there is not enough information about the role of MMPs in polyp malignancy. In this review, we discuss the role of MMPs in colorectal cancer and its pathogenesis

scholarly journals Outbreak of a new measles B3 variant in the Roma/Sinti population with transmission in the nosocomial setting, Italy, November 2015 to April 2016

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonietta Filia ◽  
Antonella Amendola ◽  
Marino Faccini ◽  
Martina Del Manso ◽  
Sabrina Senatore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Ethnic Population ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Italian Regions

A measles outbreak occurred from November 2015 to April 2016 in two northern Italian regions, affecting the Roma/Sinti ethnic population and nosocomial setting. Overall, 67 cases were reported. Median age of 43 cases in three Roma/Sinti camps was four years, nosocomial cases were mainly adults. The outbreak was caused by a new measles virus B3.1 variant. Immunisation resources and strategies should be directed at groups with gaps in vaccine coverage, e.g. Roma/Sinti and healthcare workers.

scholarly journals Measles vaccine virus RNA in children more than 100 days after vaccination

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie McMahon ◽  
Ian M Mackay ◽  
Stephen B Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Close Contacts

AbstractMeasles vaccines have been in use since the 1960s with excellent safety and effectiveness profiles. Limited data are available on detection of measles vaccine virus (MeVV) RNA in human subjects following vaccination. Available evidence suggests MeVV RNA can be identified up to 14 days after vaccination, with detection beyond this rare. In routine diagnostic testing, we used two real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-rPCR) assays for identifying measles virus (MeV) and MeVV RNA, followed by sequence confirmation of RT-rPCR positives by a semi-nested conventional RT-PCR. We report detection and confirmation of MeVV RNA from the respiratory tract of 11 children between 100 and 800 days after most recent receipt of measles-containing vaccine. These novel preliminary findings emphasize the importance of genotyping all MeV detections and highlight the need for further work to assess whether persistent MeVV RNA represents viable virus and if transmission to close contacts can occur.

scholarly journals Polio and Measles Down the Drain: Environmental Enterovirus Surveillance in the Netherlands, 2005 to 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley S. M. Benschop ◽  
Harrie G. van der Avoort ◽  
Edin Jusic ◽  
Harry Vennema ◽  
Rob van Binnendijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Oral Poliovirus Vaccine ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Polio Vaccine ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Measles Outbreak

ABSTRACT Polioviruses (PVs) are members of the genus Enterovirus. In the Netherlands, the exclusion of PV circulation is based on clinical enterovirus (EV) surveillance (CEVS) of EV-positive cases and routine environmental EV surveillance (EEVS) conducted on sewage samples collected in the region of the Netherlands where vaccination coverage is low due to religious reasons. We compared the EEVS data to those of the CEVS to gain insight into the relevance of EEVS for poliovirus and nonpolio enterovirus surveillance. Following the polio outbreak in Syria, EEVS was performed at the primary refugee center in Ter Apel in the Netherlands, and data were compared to those of CEVS and EEVS. Furthermore, we assessed the feasibility of poliovirus detection by EEVS using measles virus detection in sewage during a measles outbreak as a proxy. Two Sabin-like PVs were found in routine EEVS, 11 Sabin-like PVs were detected in the CEVS, and one Sabin-like PV was found in the Ter Apel sewage. We observed significant differences between the three programs regarding which EVs were found. In 6 sewage samples collected during the measles outbreak in 2013, measles virus RNA was detected in regions where measles cases were identified. In conclusion, we detected PVs, nonpolio EVs, and measles virus in sewage and showed that environmental surveillance is useful for poliovirus detection in the Netherlands, where live oral poliovirus vaccine is not used and communities with lower vaccination coverage exist. EEVS led to the detection of EV types not seen in the CEVS, showing that EEVS is complementary to CEVS. IMPORTANCE We show that environmental enterovirus surveillance complements clinical enterovirus surveillance for poliovirus detection, or exclusion, and for nonpolio enterovirus surveillance. Even in the presence of adequate surveillance, only a very limited number of Sabin-like poliovirus strains were detected in a 10-year period, and no signs of transmission of oral polio vaccine (OPV) strains were found in a country using exclusively inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). Measles viruses can be detected during an outbreak in sewage samples collected and concentrated following procedures used for environmental enterovirus surveillance.

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