scholarly journals Measles vaccine virus RNA in children more than 100 days after vaccination

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie McMahon ◽  
Ian M Mackay ◽  
Stephen B Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Close Contacts

AbstractMeasles vaccines have been in use since the 1960s with excellent safety and effectiveness profiles. Limited data are available on detection of measles vaccine virus (MeVV) RNA in human subjects following vaccination. Available evidence suggests MeVV RNA can be identified up to 14 days after vaccination, with detection beyond this rare. In routine diagnostic testing, we used two real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-rPCR) assays for identifying measles virus (MeV) and MeVV RNA, followed by sequence confirmation of RT-rPCR positives by a semi-nested conventional RT-PCR. We report detection and confirmation of MeVV RNA from the respiratory tract of 11 children between 100 and 800 days after most recent receipt of measles-containing vaccine. These novel preliminary findings emphasize the importance of genotyping all MeV detections and highlight the need for further work to assess whether persistent MeVV RNA represents viable virus and if transmission to close contacts can occur.

scholarly journals Measles Vaccine Virus RNA in Children More Than 100 Days after Vaccination

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 636 ◽  
Author(s):  
McMahon ◽  
Mackay ◽  
Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The 1960S

Measles vaccines have been in use since the 1960s with excellent safety and effectiveness profiles. Limited data are available on detection of measles vaccine virus (MeVV) RNA in human subjects following vaccination. Available evidence suggests MeVV RNA can be identified up to 14 days after vaccination, with detection beyond this rare. In routine diagnostic testing, we used two real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-rPCR) assays targeting M and F genes to identify measles virus (MeV) and MeVV RNA. Confirmatory testing was performed with an N gene RT-rPCR, followed by sequence confirmation of RT-rPCR positives by semi-nested conventional RT-PCR assays targeting portions of the N, H, and L genes. We report detection and confirmation of MeVV RNA from the respiratory tract of 11 children between 100 and 800 days after most recent receipt of measles-containing vaccine. These novel findings emphasize the importance of genotyping all MeV detections and highlight the need for further work to assess whether persistent MeVV RNA represents viable virus and if transmission to close contacts can occur.

MEASLES IMMUNIZATION INCORPORATED IN THE ROUTINE SCHEDULE FOR INFANTS: EFFICACY OF A COMBINED INACTIVATED-LIVE VACCINATION REGIMEN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 795-797
Author(s):  
Saul Krugman ◽  
Shirley Stone ◽  
Rose Hu ◽  
Harriet Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Inactivated Vaccine ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Subclinical Disease

1. Live attenuated measles virus vaccine without gamma globulin was extremely well tolerated by infants 12 to 14 months of age if they received 3 doses of inactivated vaccine at about 2, 3, and 4 months of age. This phenomenon was observed in spite of no detectable antibody after inactivated vaccine and a consistent antibody response after live vaccine. 2. Three inoculations of inactivated vaccine appeared to have an attenuating effect on measles infection acquired within 9 months by 17 infants; at least 70% of these infants were proved to have a subclinical disease by serologic studies. 3. The failure to detect antibody following three inoculations of killed vaccine probably reflects the lack of sensitivity of the HI antibody test which was employed in this study. The attenuating effect of the killed vaccine on the natural disease and on the measles vaccine-virus disease provides indirect evidence of antibody formation. 4. If killed measles vaccine can be successfully incorporated with diphtheriapertussis-tetanus toxoid it should be a useful preparation for primary immunization during the first 6 months of life. However, it would be most important to complete the immunization with an inoculation of live attenuated measles-virus vaccine at 12 to 14 months of age.

Persistent Measles Virus Infection and Otosclerosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 897-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Arnold ◽  
Hans P. Niedermeyer ◽  
Maria Schuster ◽  
Wolfgang J. Neubert ◽  
Christa Baumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Otic Capsule ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
H Protein ◽  
Antibody Pattern

The cause of otosclerosis is still unknown. Recently, measles virus involvement has been implicated. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of measles virus RNA within the otosclerotic focus and to evaluate the perilymphatic antibody pattern. Bone and perilymph specimens from 40 patients with the spontaneous form of otosclerosis and from control patients were investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot techniques, and cell culture. By the use of RT-PCR, measles virus RNA could be detected in 32 patients, but not in controls. Analysis of perilymph revealed the presence of antibodies to N, F1, and M measles virus proteins in all cases, and antibodies against H protein in 2 additional cases. In preosteoblasts cultured from otosclerotic bone chips, no measles virus RNA could be amplified. We conclude that the spontaneous form of otosclerosis is, in the vast majority of cases, a measles virus-associated disease of the otic capsule.

scholarly journals Frequency of Measles Virus-Specific CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells in Subjects Seronegative or Highly Seropositive for Measles Vaccine

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna G. Ovsyannikova ◽  
Neelam Dhiman ◽  
Robert M. Jacobson ◽  
Robert A. Vierkant ◽  
Gregory A. Poland
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT The protective effect of measles immunization is due to humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Little is known about cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to measles vaccine virus, the relative contribution of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to variability in such immune responses, and the immunologic longevity of the CMI after measles vaccination in humans. Our study characterizes cellular immune response in subjects seronegative or highly seropositive for measles vaccine immunoglobulin G-specific antibody, aged 15 to 25 years, previously immunized with two doses of measles-mumps-rubella II vaccine. We evaluated the ability of subjects to respond to measles vaccine virus by measuring measles virus-specific T-cell proliferation. We examined the frequencies of measles virus-specific memory Th1 and Th2 cells by an ELISPOT assay. Our results demonstrated that proliferation of T cells in seronegative subjects was significantly lower than that for highly seropositive subjects (P = 0.003). Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) secretion predominated over interleukin 4 (IL-4) secretion in response to measles virus in both groups. The median frequency of measles virus-reactive CD8+ T cells secreting IFN-γ was 0.09% in seronegative subjects and 0.43% in highly seropositive subjects (P = 0.04). The median frequency of CD4+ T cells secreting IL-4 in response to measles virus was 0.03% in seronegative subjects and 0.09% in highly seropositive subjects (P = 0.005). These data confirm the presence of measles virus-specific cellular immune responses post-measles vaccine immunization in humans. The detection of measles virus-induced IFN-γ and IL-4 production by ELISPOT can be used to identify measles virus-specific low-frequency memory T cells in subjects immunized with measles vaccine. These differences agree in directionality with the observed antibody response phenotype.

Detection of measles virus RNA on SYBR green real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Ito ◽  
Tomoko Suga ◽  
Kyoko Akiyoshi ◽  
Souichi Nukuzuma ◽  
Mayumi Kon-no ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Sybr Green ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Antigenic differences between wildtype measles viruses and vaccine viruses in Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Made Setiawan ◽  
Agus Sjahrurachman ◽  
Fera Ibrahim ◽  
Agus Suwandono
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Type Virus ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Examination Technique ◽  
Cross Neutralization

Background Measles virus has a single, negative strand RNAgenome which codes 6 structural proteins: N, F, P M, H and L.Currently there are several variances in the nucleotide sequencesof N, F, M and H genes across wild type measles viruses, hencemeasles viruses can be categorized into clades and genotypes. Theantigenicity of the previous genotype of measles is different fromthe current genotype.Objective To determine the antigenic differences between wildtype measles virus and measles vaccine virus.Methods Analysis of the antigenic differences between wild typevirus (G2, G3 and D9) and vaccine virus (CAM-70 and Schwarz)was performed by immunizing mice with the respective viruses.The serum was then tested with micro-cross-neutralizationtechnique using the G2, G3, D9 and CAM-70 virus. Tests withcross ELISA examination technique were also performed usingthe same set of virus.Results Analysis of the cross neutralization test and cross ELISAshowed that the highest antigenicity reaction was found betweenwild type virus with antibody against wild type virus, while thelowest reaction was between wild type virus with antibody againstCAM-70.Conclusions We conclude that the antigenicity of antigenic proteinfrom wild type virus is higher than antigenicity of vaccine virusprotein. In addition, it was found that the antigenicity of proteinsfrom Schwarz vaccine virus was higher than proteins CAM-70vaccine virus.

scholarly journals Nonfebrile Seizures after Mumps, Measles, Rubella, and Varicella-Zoster Virus Combination Vaccination with Detection of Measles Virus RNA in Serum, Throat, and Urine

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1094-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Eckerle ◽  
Brigitte Keller-Stanislawski ◽  
Sabine Santibanez ◽  
Stephan Buderus ◽  
Matthias Hillmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Combination Vaccine ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Vaccine Virus Strain

ABSTRACTWe report the case of a child presenting with nonfebrile seizures 6 and 13 days after the first vaccination with a measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) combination vaccine. Measles virus RNA was detected in the patient's serum, throat, and urine. Genotyping revealed the Schwarz vaccine virus strain.

scholarly journals Measles Outbreak among Previously Immunized Adult Healthcare Workers, China, 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengyi Zhang ◽  
Yuan Zhao ◽  
Lili Yang ◽  
Changhong Lu ◽  
Ying Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
The Family

Measles is caused by measles virus belonging to genusMorbillivirusof the family Paramyxoviridae. Vaccination has played a critical role in controlling measles infection worldwide. However, in the recent years, outbreaks of measles infection still occur in many developing countries. Here, we report an outbreak of measles among healthcare workers and among the 60 measles infected patients 50 were healthcare workers including doctors, nurses, staff, and medics. Fifty-one patients (85%) tested positive for IgM antibodies against the measles virus and 50 patients (83.3%) tested positive for measles virus RNA. Surprisingly, 73.3% of the infected individuals had been previously immunized against measles. Since there is no infection division in our hospital, the fever clinics are located in the Emergency Division. In addition, the fever and rash were not recognized as measles symptoms at the beginning of the outbreak. These factors result in delay in isolation and early confirmation of the suspected patients and eventually a measles outbreak in the hospital. Our report highlights the importance of following a two-dose measles vaccine program in people including the healthcare workers. In addition, vigilant attention should be paid to medical staff with clinical fever and rash symptoms to avoid a possible nosocomial transmission of measles infection.

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