scholarly journals The Role of Rhizobial ACC Deaminase in the Nodulation Process of Leguminous Plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco X. Nascimento ◽  
Clarisse Brígido ◽  
Bernard R. Glick ◽  
Márcio J. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Symbiotic rhizobia-legumes associations are extremely important in terms of sustainable agricultural practices. This symbiosis involves a complex interaction between both partners, plant and bacterium, for bacterial infection and the formation of symbiotic N-fixing nodules. In this regard, the phytohormone ethylene plays a significant role in nodule formation, acting as an inhibitor of the nodulation process. Ethylene not only regulates nodule development but also regulates many other plant developmental cues, including various stress responses that inhibit overall plant growth. Some rhizobia produce the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, thus, being able to decrease ACC and, consequently, decrease deleterious ethylene levels that affect the nodulation process. This occurs because ACC is the immediate precursor of ethylene in all higher plants. Hence, rhizobia that express this enzyme have an increased symbiotic potential. In addition to the direct role that ACC deaminase plays in the nodulation processper se, in a limited number of instances, ACC deaminase can also modulate nodule persistence. This review focuses on the important role of rhizobial ACC deaminase during the nodulation process, emphasizing its significance to legume growth promotion.

scholarly journals Nanobiotechnology for Agriculture: Smart Technology for Combating Nutrient Deficiencies with Nanotoxicity Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1781
Author(s):  
Gaurav Chugh ◽  
Kadambot H. M. Siddique ◽  
Zakaria M. Solaiman
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Toxicity Potential ◽  
Stimulate Plant Growth ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Nanobiotechnology in agriculture is a driver for modern-day smart, efficient agricultural practices. Nanoparticles have been shown to stimulate plant growth and disease resistance. The goal of sustainable farming can be accomplished by developing and sustainably exploiting the fruits of nanobiotechnology to balance the advantages nanotechnology provides in tackling environmental challenges. This review aims to advance our understanding of nanobiotechnology in relevant areas, encourage interactions within the research community for broader application, and benefit society through innovation to realize sustainable agricultural practices. This review critically evaluates what is and is not known in the domain of nano-enabled agriculture. It provides a holistic view of the role of nanobiotechnology in multiple facets of agriculture, from the synthesis of nanoparticles to controlled and targeted delivery, uptake, translocation, recognition, interaction with plant cells, and the toxicity potential of nanoparticle complexes when presented to plant cells.

scholarly journals The Role of Citizen Science in Sustainable Agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10375
Author(s):  
Khaldoon A. Mourad ◽  
Seyyed Hasan Hosseini ◽  
Helen Avery
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Farmers know much more than we think, and they are keen to improve their knowledge in order to improve their farms and increase their income. On the other hand, decision-makers, organizations, and researchers are increasing their use of citizen volunteers to strengthen their outcomes, enhance project implementation, and approach ecosystem sustainability. This paper assesses the role of citizen science relating to agricultural practices and covers citizen science literature on agriculture and farmers’ participation during the period 2007–2019. The literature was examined for the role of citizen science in supporting sustainable agriculture activities, pointing to opportunities, challenges, and recommendations. The study identified the following gaps: insufficient attention to (1) long-term capacity building and dialogue between academics and farming communities; (2) developing countries in the global South and smallholders; (3) agriculture trading and marketing; (4) the rationales of selecting target groups; (5) contributing to accelerated sustainability transitions. The main aim of the research projects reviewed in this study tended to focus on the research outcomes from an academic perspective, not sustainable solutions in practice or sustainability in general. More research is needed to address these gaps and to widen the benefits of citizen science in sustainable agricultural practices.

scholarly journals Co-Inoculation of Bacillus velezensis Strain S141 and Bradyrhizobium Strains Promotes Nodule Growth and Nitrogen Fixation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Surachat Sibponkrung ◽  
Takahiko Kondo ◽  
Kosei Tanaka ◽  
Panlada Tittabutr ◽  
Nantakorn Boonkerd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Cytokinin Biosynthesis ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Iaa Biosynthesis

The objective of this research was to evaluate the PGPR effect on nodulation and nitrogen-fixing efficiency of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) by co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110. Co-inoculation of Bacillus velezensis S141 with USDA110 into soybean resulted in enhanced nodulation and N2-fixing efficiency by producing larger nodules. To understand the role of S141 on soybean and USDA110 symbiosis, putative genes related to IAA biosynthesis were disrupted, suggesting that co-inoculation of USDA110 with S141ΔyhcX reduces the number of large size nodules. It was revealed that yhcX may play a major role in IAA biosynthesis in S141 as well as provide a major impact on soybean growth promotion. The disruption of genes related to cytokinin biosynthesis and co-inoculation of USDA110 with S141ΔIPI reduced the number of very large size nodules, and it appears that IPI might play an important role in nodule size of soybean–Bradyrhizobium symbiosis. However, it was possible that not only IAA and cytokinin but also some other substances secreted from S141 facilitate Bradyrhizobium to trigger bigger nodule formation, resulting in enhanced N2-fixation. Therefore, the ability of S141 with Bradyrhizobium co-inoculation to enhance soybean N2-fixation strategy could be further developed for supreme soybean inoculants.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Plant Defense Against Fungal Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2659
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Huan Guo ◽  
Weiguo Hu ◽  
Wanquan Ji
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Growing interest and recent evidence have identified long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) as the potential regulatory elements for eukaryotes. LncRNAs can activate various transcriptional and post-transcriptional events that impact cellular functions though multiple regulatory functions. Recently, a large number of lncRNAs have also been identified in higher plants, and an understanding of their functional role in plant resistance to infection is just emerging. Here, we focus on their identification in crop plant, and discuss their potential regulatory functions and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in plant pathogen stress responses, referring to possible examples in a model plant. The knowledge gained from a deeper understanding of this colossal special group of plant lncRNAs will help in the biotechnological improvement of crops.

scholarly journals Role of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Plant Stress Response

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balaji Aravindhan Pandian ◽  
Rajendran Sathishraj ◽  
Maduraimuthu Djanaguiraman ◽  
P.V. Vara Prasad ◽  
Mithila Jugulam
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Plant Stress Response ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Domains Of Life

Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are the largest enzyme family involved in NADPH- and/or O2-dependent hydroxylation reactions across all the domains of life. In plants and animals, CYPs play a central role in the detoxification of xenobiotics. In addition to this function, CYPs act as versatile catalysts and play a crucial role in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, antioxidants, and phytohormones in higher plants. The molecular and biochemical processes catalyzed by CYPs have been well characterized, however, the relationship between the biochemical process catalyzed by CYPs and its effect on several plant functions was not well established. The advent of next-generation sequencing opened new avenues to unravel the involvement of CYPs in several plant functions such as plant stress response. The expression of several CYP genes are regulated in response to environmental stresses, and they also play a prominent role in the crosstalk between abiotic and biotic stress responses. CYPs have an enormous potential to be used as a candidate for engineering crop species resilient to biotic and abiotic stresses. The objective of this review is to summarize the latest research on the role of CYPs in plant stress response.

scholarly journals GhFAD2-3 is Required for Anther Development in Gossypium hirsutum

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Liu ◽  
Lihong Ma ◽  
Youwu Wang ◽  
Yanjun Li ◽  
Xinyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Anther Development ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Phenotypic Abnormality ◽  
Δ12 Desaturase

Abstract Background In higher plants, the FAD2 gene encodes the microsomal oleate Δ12-desaturase, one of the key enzymes essential for the biosynthesis of the polyunsaturated lipids that serve many important functions in plant development and stress responses. FAD2 catalyzes the first step, in the biosynthesis of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) found in the cell membrane and cell wall, and it is thus of great importance to investigate the regulatory role of FAD2 in anther development.Results We reported the molecular characterization of the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) GhFAD2 gene family and the essential role of GhFAD2-3 in cotton anther development. G. hirsutum contains four pairs of homoeologous FAD2 genes (GhFAD2-1 to GhFAD2-4). GhFAD2-3 is ubiquitously and relatively highly expressed in all analyzed tissues, particularly in anthers. Specific inhibition of GhFAD2-3 using the RNA interference approach resulted in male sterility due to impaired anther development at the stages from meiosis to maturation. The cellular phenotypic abnormality observed at the meiosis stage of the GhFAD2-3 silenced plant (fad2-3) coincides with the significant reduction of C18:2 in anthers at the same stage. Compared with that of the wild type (WT), the content of C18:1 was 41.48%, which increased by 5 fold in the fad2-3 anther at the pollen maturation stage. Moreover, the ratio of monounsaturated to polyunsaturated fatty acid was 5.43 in fad2-3 anther, which was much higher than that of the WT (only 0.39). Through compositional analysis of anthers cuticle and transcriptome data, we demonstrated it was unfavorable to the development of anther by regulating GhFAD2-3 expression level to increase the oleic acid content.Conclusions Our work demonstrated the importance of C18:2 and/or C18:3 in the development of the pollen exine and anther cuticle in cotton and provided clue for further investigation of the physiological significance of the fatty acid composition for plant growth and development.

scholarly journals Rhizobium leguminosarum Biovar viciae 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Deaminase Promotes Nodulation of Pea Plants

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 4396-4402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbo Ma ◽  
Frèdèrique C. Guinel ◽  
Bernard R. Glick
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Insertion Mutants

ABSTRACT Ethylene inhibits nodulation in various legumes. In order to investigate strategies employed by Rhizobium to regulate nodulation, the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase gene was isolated and characterized from one of the ACC deaminase-producing rhizobia, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 128C53K. ACC deaminase degrades ACC, the immediate precursor of ethylene in higher plants. Through the action of this enzyme, ACC deaminase-containing bacteria can reduce ethylene biosynthesis in plants. Insertion mutants with mutations in the rhizobial ACC deaminase gene (acdS) and its regulatory gene, a leucine-responsive regulatory protein-like gene (lrpL), were constructed and tested to determine their abilities to nodulate Pisum sativum L. cv. Sparkle (pea). Both mutants, neither of which synthesized ACC deaminase, showed decreased nodulation efficiency compared to that of the parental strain. Our results suggest that ACC deaminase in R. leguminosarum bv. viciae 128C53K enhances the nodulation of P. sativum L. cv. Sparkle, likely by modulating ethylene levels in the plant roots during the early stages of nodule development. ACC deaminase might be the second described strategy utilized by Rhizobium to promote nodulation by adjusting ethylene levels in legumes.

A systematic review on sustainable agricultural practices among oil palm farmers

2021 ◽  
pp. 003072702110218
Author(s):  
Azlan Abas ◽  
Ah Choy Er ◽  
Noordeyana Tambi ◽  
Nur Hafizah Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Sustainable Practices ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Oil palm farmers play an important role in ensuring oil palm cultivation can achieve sustainable agricultural practice. However, the best agricultural practices among oil palm farmers are yet to be known. This study aims to systematically review oil palm farmers’ sustainable practices. The present study integrated multiple research designs and the review was based on the published standard, namely ROSES (Reporting Standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses). This study used Web of Science (WoS) as the main database in searching for the required articles. Based on the thematic analysis, this review has 5 (five) main themes, the sustainable practices, namely 1) land management, 2) waste management, 3) advanced technology implementation, 4) economic empowerment, and 5) social inclusion. The findings offer some basics on how to integrate oil palm farmers’ practices with scientific findings for the formation of the oil palm certification and policy besides providing some ideas on the role of the oil palm farmer in the sustainable development 2030 agenda.

scholarly journals SOYBEAN SEEDLING ROOT GROWTH PROMOTION BY 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE DEAMINASE-PRODUCING PSEUDOMONADS

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edi Husen ◽  
Aris Tri Wahyudi ◽  
Antonius Suwanto ◽  
Rasti Saraswati
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Soybean Root ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Growth Room

Pseudomonad producing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase (E.C.4.1.99.4) has been known to promote plant growth by lowering ethylene biosynthesis in higher plants, which can be induced by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. The objective of this study was to examine the ability of IAAproducing Pseudomonas isolated from local soil environment (rhizosphere of soybean grown in Plumbon's agricultural area<br />in Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia) to promote soybean root growth in relation to their ACC deaminase activities. The experiments were conducted in growth room and Laboratory of Soil Biology Research, Indonesian Soil Research Institute, Bogor, from January to August 2008. Soybean seeds were inoculated by immersing the seeds for 1 hour in bacterial cell suspension containing approximately 108-109 cells ml-1. The seeds were then germinated<br />for 2 days before planting in growth pouches containing sterilized distilled water. All treated and untreated seeds were grown for 7 days in growth room at 24°C with 1300 lux of light intensity for 12-hour followed by a 12-hour dark period at 22°C. ACC deaminase activity of the isolates was assayed based on their ability to grow in Dworkin-Foster’s salt minimal medium containing ammonium sulfate or ACC as a source of nitrogen. Thirteen out of 81 isolates tested significantly increased soybean root length and weight, up to 50% from untreated plants. Of 13 isolates, 11 demonstrated ACC deaminase activities. Two isolates that did not show ACC deaminase activities had lower capacity to produce IAA. The results suggest that the effectiveness of IAA producing Pseudomonas in promoting the growth of the soybean seedlings is associated with their ACC deaminase activities or they produce IAA at low levels.

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