scholarly journals Role of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Plant Stress Response

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balaji Aravindhan Pandian ◽  
Rajendran Sathishraj ◽  
Maduraimuthu Djanaguiraman ◽  
P.V. Vara Prasad ◽  
Mithila Jugulam
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Plant Stress Response ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Domains Of Life

Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are the largest enzyme family involved in NADPH- and/or O2-dependent hydroxylation reactions across all the domains of life. In plants and animals, CYPs play a central role in the detoxification of xenobiotics. In addition to this function, CYPs act as versatile catalysts and play a crucial role in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, antioxidants, and phytohormones in higher plants. The molecular and biochemical processes catalyzed by CYPs have been well characterized, however, the relationship between the biochemical process catalyzed by CYPs and its effect on several plant functions was not well established. The advent of next-generation sequencing opened new avenues to unravel the involvement of CYPs in several plant functions such as plant stress response. The expression of several CYP genes are regulated in response to environmental stresses, and they also play a prominent role in the crosstalk between abiotic and biotic stress responses. CYPs have an enormous potential to be used as a candidate for engineering crop species resilient to biotic and abiotic stresses. The objective of this review is to summarize the latest research on the role of CYPs in plant stress response.

Role of Dehydrins in Plant Stress Response

2019 ◽  
pp. 175-196
Author(s):  
Klára Kosová ◽  
Ilja Tom Prášil ◽  
Pavel Vítámvás
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Plant Stress Response

scholarly journals The Critical Role of Potassium in Plant Stress Response

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 7370-7390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Wang ◽  
Qingsong Zheng ◽  
Qirong Shen ◽  
Shiwei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Plant Stress Response

scholarly journals The Role of Canonical and Noncanonical Pre-mRNA Splicing in Plant Stress Responses

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Dubrovina ◽  
K. V. Kiselev ◽  
Yu. N. Zhuravlev
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Mrna Splicing ◽  
Plant Stress Response ◽  
Plant Stress Responses ◽  
Alternative Splicing Events ◽  
Stress Responsive Genes

Plants are sessile organisms capable of adapting to various environmental constraints, such as high or low temperatures, drought, soil salinity, or pathogen attack. To survive the unfavorable conditions, plants actively employ pre-mRNA splicing as a mechanism to regulate expression of stress-responsive genes and reprogram intracellular regulatory networks. There is a growing evidence that various stresses strongly affect the frequency and diversity of alternative splicing events in the stress-responsive genes and lead to an increased accumulation of mRNAs containing premature stop codons, which in turn have an impact on plant stress response. A number of studies revealed that some mRNAs involved in plant stress response are spliced counter to the traditional conception of alternative splicing. Such noncanonical mRNA splicing events includetrans-splicing, intraexonic deletions, or variations affecting multiple exons and often require short direct repeats to occur. The noncanonical alternative splicing, along with common splicing events, targets the spliced transcripts to degradation through nonsense-mediated mRNA decay or leads to translation of truncated proteins. Investigation of the diversity, biological consequences, and mechanisms of the canonical and noncanonical alternative splicing events will help one to identify those transcripts which are promising for using in genetic engineering and selection of stress-tolerant plants.

scholarly journals Multifaceted Chromatin Structure and Transcription Changes in Plant Stress Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2013
Author(s):  
Jin-Hong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Histone Variants ◽  
Chromatin Modifications ◽  
Plant Stress Response ◽  
Transcriptional Reprogramming ◽  
Plant Stress Responses

Sessile plants are exposed throughout their existence to environmental abiotic and biotic stress factors, such as cold, heat, salinity, drought, dehydration, submergence, waterlogging, and pathogen infection. Chromatin organization affects genome stability, and its dynamics are crucial in plant stress responses. Chromatin dynamics are epigenetically regulated and are required for stress-induced transcriptional regulation or reprogramming. Epigenetic regulators facilitate the phenotypic plasticity of development and the survival and reproduction of plants in unfavorable environments, and they are highly diversified, including histone and DNA modifiers, histone variants, chromatin remodelers, and regulatory non-coding RNAs. They contribute to chromatin modifications, remodeling and dynamics, and constitute a multilayered and multifaceted circuitry for sophisticated and robust epigenetic regulation of plant stress responses. However, this complicated epigenetic regulatory circuitry creates challenges for elucidating the common or differential roles of chromatin modifications for transcriptional regulation or reprogramming in different plant stress responses. Particularly, interacting chromatin modifications and heritable stress memories are difficult to identify in the aspect of chromatin-based epigenetic regulation of transcriptional reprogramming and memory. Therefore, this review discusses the recent updates from the three perspectives—stress specificity or dependence of transcriptional reprogramming, the interplay of chromatin modifications, and transcriptional stress memory in plants. This helps solidify our knowledge on chromatin-based transcriptional reprogramming for plant stress response and memory.

scholarly journals The Role of Triacylglycerol in Plant Stress Response

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhao Lu ◽  
Yang Xu ◽  
Juli Wang ◽  
Stacy D. Singer ◽  
Guanqun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Plant Stress Response ◽  
Different Types

Vegetable oil is mainly composed of triacylglycerol (TAG), a storage lipid that serves as a major commodity for food and industrial purposes, as well as an alternative biofuel source. While TAG is typically not produced at significant levels in vegetative tissues, emerging evidence suggests that its accumulation in such tissues may provide one mechanism by which plants cope with abiotic stress. Different types of abiotic stress induce lipid remodeling through the action of specific lipases, which results in various alterations in membrane lipid composition. This response induces the formation of toxic lipid intermediates that cause membrane damage or cell death. However, increased levels of TAG under stress conditions are believed to function, at least in part, as a means of sequestering these toxic lipid intermediates. Moreover, the lipid droplets (LDs) in which TAG is enclosed also function as a subcellular factory to provide binding sites and substrates for the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds that protect against insects and fungi. Though our knowledge concerning the role of TAG in stress tolerance is expanding, many gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms driving these processes are still evident. In this review, we highlight progress that has been made to decipher the role of TAG in plant stress response, and we discuss possible ways in which this information could be utilized to improve crops in the future.

scholarly journals The Multiple Roles of Ascorbate in the Abiotic Stress Response of Plants: Antioxidant, Cofactor, and Regulator

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minggang Xiao ◽  
Zixuan Li ◽  
Li Zhu ◽  
Jiayi Wang ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Abiotic Stress Response ◽  
Plant Stress Response ◽  
Plant Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Abiotic Stress

Ascorbate (ASC) plays a critical role in plant stress response. The antioxidant role of ASC has been well-studied, but there are still several confusing questions about the function of ASC in plant abiotic stress response. ASC can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and should be helpful for plant stress tolerance. But in some cases, increasing ASC content impairs plant abiotic stress tolerance, whereas, inhibiting ASC synthesis or regeneration enhances plant stress tolerance. This confusing phenomenon indicates that ASC may have multiple roles in plant abiotic stress response not just as an antioxidant, though many studies more or less ignored other roles of ASC in plant. In fact, ACS also can act as the cofactor of some enzymes, which are involved in the synthesis, metabolism, and modification of a variety of substances, which has important effects on plant stress response. In addition, ASC can monitor and effectively regulate cell redox status. Therefore, we believe that ASC has atleast triple roles in plant abiotic stress response: as the antioxidant to scavenge accumulated ROS, as the cofactor to involve in plant metabolism, or as the regulator to coordinate the actions of various signal pathways under abiotic stress. The role of ASC in plant abiotic stress response is important and complex. The detail role of ASC in plant abiotic stress response should be analyzed according to specific physiological process in specific organ. In this review, we discuss the versatile roles of ASC in the response of plants to abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals The Ubiquitin Switch in Plant Stress Response

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Paymon Doroodian ◽  
Zhihua Hua
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Modification System ◽  
Plant Stress Response ◽  
Covalently Linked ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

Ubiquitin is a 76 amino acid polypeptide common to all eukaryotic organisms. It functions as a post-translationally modifying mark covalently linked to a large cohort of yet poorly defined protein substrates. The resulting ubiquitylated proteins can rapidly change their activities, cellular localization, or turnover through the 26S proteasome if they are no longer needed or are abnormal. Such a selective modification is essential to many signal transduction pathways particularly in those related to stress responses by rapidly enhancing or quenching output. Hence, this modification system, the so-called ubiquitin-26S proteasome system (UPS), has caught the attention in the plant research community over the last two decades for its roles in plant abiotic and biotic stress responses. Through direct or indirect mediation of plant hormones, the UPS selectively degrades key components in stress signaling to either negatively or positively regulate plant response to a given stimulus. As a result, a tightly regulated signaling network has become of much interest over the years. The ever-increasing changes of the global climate require both the development of new crops to cope with rapid changing environment and new knowledge to survey the dynamics of ecosystem. This review examines how the ubiquitin can switch and tune plant stress response and poses potential avenues to further explore this system.

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