scholarly journals Pros and Cons of Antigen-Presenting Cell Targeted Tumor Vaccines

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleo Goyvaerts ◽  
Karine Breckpot
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Potential Benefit ◽  
Tumor Vaccines ◽  
Antigen Presenting Cell ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Antigen Presenting

In therapeutic antitumor vaccination, dendritic cells play the leading role since they decide if, how, when, and where a potent antitumor immune response will take place. Since the disentanglement of the complexity and merit of different antigen-presenting cell subtypes, antitumor immunotherapeutic research started to investigate the potential benefit of targeting these subtypesin situ. This review will discuss which antigen-presenting cell subtypes are at play and how they have been targeted and finally question the true meaning of targeting antitumor-based vaccines.

scholarly journals Downregulation of the antigen presenting cell function(s) of pulmonary dendritic cells in vivo by resident alveolar macrophages.

1993 ◽  
Vol 177 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
P G Holt ◽  
J Oliver ◽  
N Bilyk ◽  
C McMenamin ◽  
P G McMenamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Antigen Presenting Cell ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Intratracheal Administration ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Class II major histocompatibility complex (Ia)-bearing dendritic cells (DC) from airway epithelium and lung parenchyma express low-moderate antigen presenting cell (APC) activity when freshly isolated. However, this function is markedly upregulated during overnight culture in a manner analogous to epidermal Langerhans cells. The in vitro "maturation" process is inhibited by coculture with pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) across a semipermeable membrane, and the degree of inhibition achieved can be markedly increased by the presence of tumor necrosis factor alpha. In addition, PAM-mediated suppression of DC function is abrogated via inhibition of the nitric oxide synthetase pathway. Functional maturation of the DC is accompanied by increased expression of surface Ia, which is also inhibited in the presence of PAM. Prior elimination of PAM from DC donors via intratracheal administration of the cytotoxic drug dichloromethylene diphosphonate in liposomes, 24-72 h before lung DC preparation, achieves a comparable upregulation of APC activity, suggesting that (consistent with the in vitro data) the resident PAM population actively suppresses the APC function of lung DC in situ. In support of the feasibility of such a regulatory mechanism, electron microscopic examination of normal lung fixed by intravascular perfusion in the inflated state (which optimally preserves PAM in situ), revealed that the majority are preferentially localized in recesses at the alveolar septal junctions. In this position, the PAM are in intimate association with the alveolar epithelial surface, and are effectively separated by as little as 0.2 microns from underlying interstitial spaces which contain the peripheral lung DC population. A similar juxtaposition of airway intraepithelial DC is demonstrated with underlying submucosal tissue macrophages, where the separation between the two cell populations is effectively the width of the basal lamina.

The effect of polysaccharide-based hydrogels on the response of antigen presenting cell lines to immunomodulators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Teng, Melody Chung ◽  
Chi Ming Laurence Lau ◽  
Ying Chau
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Foreign Material ◽  
Antigen Presenting Cell ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Hydrogel presents as foreign material to the host and participates in immune responses which would skew the biofunctions of immunologic loads (antigen and adjuvants) for in-situ DC priming. This study...

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Dendritic Cells to Microenvironment Signals

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Maria Motta ◽  
Vivian Mary Rumjanek
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Immune Tolerance ◽  
Antigen Presenting Cells ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
The Way

Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells capable of either activating the immune response or inducing and maintaining immune tolerance. They do this by integrating stimuli from the environment and changing their functional status as a result of plasticity. The modifications suffered by these cells have consequences in the way the organism may respond. In the present work two opposing situations known to affect dendritic cells are analyzed: tumor growth, leading to a microenvironment that favors the induction of a tolerogenic profile, and organ transplantation, which leads to a proinflammatory profile. Lessons learned from these situations may help to understand the mechanisms of modulation resulting not only from the above circumstances, but also from other pathologies.

Chemokines and dendritic cells in inflammatory myopathies: Figure 1

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Tournadre ◽  
P Miossec
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Myopathies ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Leucocyte Recruitment

This review focuses on the contribution of the local production of chemokines and cytokines and of dendritic cells (DC) to the pathogenesis of inflammatory myopathies. DC are the most efficient professional antigen-presenting cells (APC), which are critical for the development of innate and adaptive immune responses. Chemokines are important mediators of the immune response as they regulate leucocyte recruitment to tissue and play a key role in inflammatory diseases by acting on T-cell and DC migration. Recent advances indicate that the muscle cell itself could participate in the inflammatory process. Furthermore, the T-helper (Th) type 1 and Th17 proinflammatory cytokines, present in myositis samples, are associated with the migration, differentiation and maturation of inflammatory cells and allow a network of interactions between all the components of the immune response. An understanding of such interactions is essential because it can lead to therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals CD16+ Dendritic Cells Are a Unique Myeloid Antigen Presenting Cell Population

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 4897-4897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Fromm ◽  
Michael Papadimitrious ◽  
Jennifer Hsu ◽  
Stephen Robert Larsen ◽  
John Gibson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Antigen Presenting Cell ◽  
Antigen Uptake ◽  
Equity Ownership ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Classical Monocytes ◽  
Research Institute

Abstract Dendritic cells (DC) are phenotypically identified in human blood as HLA-DR+ cells, which lack major cell surface lineage markers. We demonstrated that myeloid antigen presenting cells, including monocytes and DC display a continuum of CD14 and CD16 expression (10th Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigen Workshop). The robustness of DC and monocyte identification, particularly when identifying cell subsets with little or no surface CD14 is limited by subjective gating strategies for determining rare cell populations. Application of Poisson counting statistics established that rare cell types such as "CD14- CD16+ DC" are often overlooked in analyses powered to detect the much larger populations of "classical" and "non-classical" monocytes. We used fluorescent and mass cytometry, in conjunction with unsupervised high dimensional clustering, to show that the continuum of CD14 expression separates CD14lo CD16+ non-classical monocytes and CD14- CD16+ DC. We have defined the CD14-CD16+ DC using a broad panel of cell surface markers and established a CD14-CD16+ DC phenotypic signature that is distinct from both classical and non-classical monocytes in healthy donor blood. The CD14-CD16+ DC differ in both size to CD14lo CD16+ monocytes and functional antigen uptake, with slower kinetics of soluble antigen uptake into lysozymes. Their proteasome processing and presentation of influenza matrix protein by MHC I was comparable to other primary blood monocytes and DC antigen presenting cell populations. The CD14-CD16+ DC had limited capacity for further in vitro differentiation. The recovery of CD14-CD16+ DC after autologous and allogeneic myeloablative hematopoietic cell transplants (HCT) followed similar kinetics to other monocytic and DC populations. CD14lo CD16+ monocytes expressed CCR5 as did other myeloid DC but CD14-CD16+ DC lacked CCR5, although interferon induced CCR5. The early differentiation and induction of CCR5 on circulating CD16+ DC after allogeneic HCT predicted for the onset of acute graft versus host disease. These data demonstrate that "CD14- CD16+ DC" represents a distinct clinically relevant human white blood cell population, whose ontogeny and function are under further investigation. Disclosures Fromm: DendroCyte BioTech Ltd: Other: Laboratory IP contracted via ANZAC Research Institute to DendroCyte BioTech Ltd. Papadimitrious:DendroCyte BioTech Ltd: Other: Laboratory IP contracted via ANZAC Research Institute to DendroCyte BioTech Ltd. Hsu:DendroCyte BioTech Ltd: Other: Laboratory IP contracted via ANZAC Research Institute to DendroCyte BioTech Ltd. Larsen:DendroCyte BioTech Ltd: Other: Laboratory IP contracted via ANZAC Research Institute to DendroCyte BioTech Ltd. Gibson:DendroCyte BioTech Ltd: Other: Laboratory IP contracted via ANZAC Research Institute to DendroCyte BioTech Ltd. Bradstock:DendroCyte BioTech Ltd: Other: Laboratory IP contracted via ANZAC Research Institute to DendroCyte BioTech Ltd. Kupresanin:DendroCyte BioTech Ltd: Other: Laboratory IP contracted via ANZAC Research Institute to DendroCyte BioTech Ltd. Clark:DendroCyte BioTech Ltd: Equity Ownership, Other: Laboratory IP contracted via ANZAC Research Institute to DendroCyte BioTech Ltd. Hart:DendroCyte BioTech Ltd: Equity Ownership, Other: Laboratory IP contracted via ANZAC Research Institute to DendroCyte BioTech Ltd.

scholarly journals Dendritic Cells in Sepsis: Pathological Alterations and Therapeutic Implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Dong Wu ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Xin-Ying Ji
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Surface Molecules ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Sepsis is the leading cause of death for critically ill patients in recent years. Dendritic cells (DCs) are important antigen-presenting cells and play a key role in immune response by regulating the innate and adaptive immunity. The number of DCs, the differentiation of monocytes into DCs, and the levels of surface molecules associated with the function of DCs are changed in the development of sepsis. There are many mechanisms involved in the alterations of DCs during sepsis, including the induction of apoptosis, reactive oxygen species generation, activation of the Wnt signaling pathway, epigenetic regulation, and variation in Toll-like receptor-dependent signaling. In this review, we present the classifications of DC subsets and mechanisms involved in the alterations of DCs in sepsis, as well as further discuss the therapeutic strategies targeting DCs in sepsis to improve the aberrant immune response and prolong the life during sepsis progression.

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