Chemokines and dendritic cells in inflammatory myopathies: Figure 1

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Tournadre ◽  
P Miossec
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Myopathies ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Leucocyte Recruitment

This review focuses on the contribution of the local production of chemokines and cytokines and of dendritic cells (DC) to the pathogenesis of inflammatory myopathies. DC are the most efficient professional antigen-presenting cells (APC), which are critical for the development of innate and adaptive immune responses. Chemokines are important mediators of the immune response as they regulate leucocyte recruitment to tissue and play a key role in inflammatory diseases by acting on T-cell and DC migration. Recent advances indicate that the muscle cell itself could participate in the inflammatory process. Furthermore, the T-helper (Th) type 1 and Th17 proinflammatory cytokines, present in myositis samples, are associated with the migration, differentiation and maturation of inflammatory cells and allow a network of interactions between all the components of the immune response. An understanding of such interactions is essential because it can lead to therapeutic applications.

60-kDa heat shock protein of Chlamydia pneumoniae promotes a T helper type 1 immune response through IL-12/IL-23 production in monocyte-derived dendritic cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 714-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Maria Ausiello ◽  
Giorgio Fedele ◽  
Raffaella Palazzo ◽  
Fabiana Spensieri ◽  
Alessandra Ciervo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Helper Type

Intranodal injection of semimature monocyte-derived dendritic cells induces T helper type 1 responses to protein neoantigen

Blood ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Gilliet ◽  
Martin Kleinhans ◽  
Erica Lantelme ◽  
Dirk Schadendorf ◽  
Günter Burg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cytokine Profile ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
T Helper

Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) represent the most potent antigen-presenting cells of the immune system capable of initiating primary immune responses to neoantigens. Here we characterize the primary CD4 T-cell immune response to protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) in 5 metastatic melanoma patients undergoing a tumor peptide–based dendritic cell vaccination trial. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells displaying a semimature phenotype, as defined by surface markers, were loaded ex vivo with antigen and injected intranodally at weekly intervals for 4 weeks. All patients developed a strong and long-lasting delayed-type hypersensitivity reactivity to KLH, which correlated with the induction of KLH-dependent proliferation of CD4 T cells in vitro. Secondary in vitro stimulation with KLH showed significant increase in interferon-γ and interleukin-2 (IL-2) but not IL-4, IL-5, nor IL-10 secretion by bulk T cells. On the single-cell level, most TH1 cells among in vitro–generated KLH-specific T-cell lines confirmed the preferential induction of a KLH-specific type 1 T helper immune response. Furthermore, the induction of KLH-specific antibodies of the IgG2 subtype may reflect the induction of a type 1 cytokine profile in vivo after vaccination. Our results indicate that intranodal vaccination with semimature DCs can prime strong, long-lasting CD4 T-cell responses with a TH1-type cytokine profile in cancer patients. (Blood. 2003;102:36-42)

scholarly journals Leptin’s and antigen-presenting cells’ functions in periodontitis – an overview / Leptin e as funções das células que apresentam antigénios na periodontite - uma visão geral

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 8011-8019
Author(s):  
Giovanna Ganem Favero ◽  
Isabela Lopes Martin ◽  
Fernanda Pereira da Silva Albino ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Fontana ◽  
Sérgio Luiz Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Antigen Presenting Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Inflammatory Immune Response ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
The Relationship

Leptin is a hormone synthesized predominantly by white adipose tissue. Its production levels are directly proportional to the total mass of this tissue in an individual’s body. Apart from its classic role in the regulation of hunger and satiety, it also plays an important part in scenarios involving innate and adaptive immune responses. It has been discovered that leptin levels are altered in a variety of inflammatory responses, such as periodontitis, a condition which derives from a persistent inflammatory immune response from a host facing bacterial infection. The initial trigger for this reaction is the recognition of the pathogens by antigen presenting cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, whose actions can be influenced by leptin. This review aims to present the relationship between leptin, dendritic cells and macrophages in the context of periodontal disease. Thus, we have assembled the most important findings related to leptin’s role in the modulation of the immune response carried out by these cells in periodontitis.

scholarly journals The dual role of dendritic cells in the immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 2228-2239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian B. Hogue ◽  
Seema H. Bajaria ◽  
Beth A. Fallert ◽  
Shulin Qin ◽  
Todd A. Reinhart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

Many aspects of the complex interaction between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and the human immune system remain elusive. Our objective was to study these interactions, focusing on the specific roles of dendritic cells (DCs). DCs enhance HIV-1 infection processes as well as promote an antiviral immune response. We explored the implications of these dual roles. A mathematical model describing the dynamics of HIV-1, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, and DCs interacting in a human lymph node was analysed and is presented here. We have validated the behaviour of our model against non-human primate simian immunodeficiency virus experimental data and published human HIV-1 data. Our model qualitatively and quantitatively recapitulates clinical HIV-1 infection dynamics. We have performed sensitivity analyses on the model to determine which mechanisms strongly affect infection dynamics. Sensitivity analysis identifies system interactions that contribute to infection progression, including DC-related mechanisms. We have compared DC-dependent and -independent routes of CD4+ T-cell infection. The model predicted that simultaneous priming and infection of T cells by DCs drives early infection dynamics when activated T-helper cell numbers are low. Further, our model predicted that, while direct failure of DC function and an indirect failure due to loss of CD4+ T-helper cells are both significant contributors to infection dynamics, the former has a more significant impact on HIV-1 immunopathogenesis.

scholarly journals The IL4I1 Enzyme: A New Player in the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Molinier-Frenkel ◽  
Armelle Prévost-Blondel ◽  
Flavia Castellano
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Fine Control ◽  
Antigen Presenting

The high metabolic needs of T lymphocytes in response to activation make them particularly vulnerable to modifications of their biochemical milieu. Immunosuppressive enzymes produced in the tumor microenvironment modify nutrient availability by catabolizing essential or semi-essential amino acids and producing toxic catabolites, thus participating in the local sabotage of the antitumor immune response. L-amino-acid oxidases are FAD-bound enzymes found throughout evolution, from bacteria to mammals, and are often endowed with anti-infectious properties. IL4I1 is a secreted L-phenylalanine oxidase mainly produced by inflammatory antigen-presenting cells—in particular, macrophages present in T helper type 1 granulomas and in various types of tumors. In the last decade, it has been shown that IL4I1 is involved in the fine control of B- and T-cell adaptive immune responses. Preclinical models have revealed its role in cancer immune evasion. Recent clinical data highlight IL4I1 as a new potential prognostic marker in human melanoma. As a secreted enzyme, IL4I1 may represent an easily targetable molecule for cancer immunotherapy.

scholarly journals Maturation, Activation, and Protection of Dendritic Cells Induced by Double-stranded RNA

1999 ◽  
Vol 189 (5) ◽  
pp. 821-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Cella ◽  
Mariolina Salio ◽  
Yoichi Sakakibara ◽  
Hanno Langen ◽  
Ilkka Julkunen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Type I ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Helper Cell Type ◽  
Stimulatory Capacity ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Cell Stimulatory Capacity

The initiation of an immune response is critically dependent on the activation of dendritic cells (DCs). This process is triggered by surface receptors specific for inflammatory cytokines or for conserved patterns characteristic of infectious agents. Here we show that human DCs are activated by influenza virus infection and by double-stranded (ds)RNA. This activation results not only in increased antigen presentation and T cell stimulatory capacity, but also in resistance to the cytopathic effect of the virus, mediated by the production of type I interferon, and upregulation of MxA. Because dsRNA stimulates both maturation and resistance, DCs can serve as altruistic antigen-presenting cells capable of sustaining viral antigen production while acquiring the capacity to trigger naive T cells and drive polarized T helper cell type 1 responses.

Select hyperactivating NLRP3 ligands enhance the TH1- and TH17-inducing potential of human type 2 conventional dendritic cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (680) ◽  
pp. eabe1757
Author(s):  
Lukas Hatscher ◽  
Christian H. K. Lehmann ◽  
Ariawan Purbojo ◽  
Constantin Onderka ◽  
Chunguang Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Conventional Type ◽  
Prime Target

The detection of microorganisms and danger signals by pattern recognition receptors on dendritic cells (DCs) and the consequent formation of inflammasomes are pivotal for initiating protective immune responses. Although the activation of inflammasomes leading to secretion of the cytokine IL-1β is typically accompanied by pyroptosis (an inflammatory form of lytic programmed cell death), some cells can survive and exist in a state of hyperactivation. Here, we found that the conventional type 2 DC (cDC2) subset is the major human DC subset that is transcriptionally and functionally poised for inflammasome formation and response without pyroptosis. When cDC2 were stimulated with ligands that relatively weakly activated the inflammasome, the cells did not enter pyroptosis but instead secreted IL-12 family cytokines and IL-1β. These cytokines induced prominent T helper type 1 (TH1) and TH17 responses that were superior to those seen in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation alone or to stronger, classical inflammasome ligands. These findings not only define the human cDC2 subpopulation as a prime target for the treatment of inflammasome-dependent inflammatory diseases but may also inform new approaches for adjuvant and vaccine development.

scholarly journals C-Rel Regulates Interleukin 12 P70 Expression in Cd8+ Dendritic Cells by Specifically Inducing p35 Gene Transcription

2001 ◽  
Vol 194 (8) ◽  
pp. 1021-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raelene Grumont ◽  
Hubertus Hochrein ◽  
Meredith O'Keeffe ◽  
Raffi Gugasyan ◽  
Christine White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Cd40 Ligand ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
T Helper ◽  
P35 Gene ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is a 70-kD proinflammatory cytokine produced by antigen presenting cells that is essential for the induction of T helper type 1 development. It comprises 35-kD (p35) and 40-kD (p40) polypeptides encoded by separate genes that are induced by a range of stimuli that include lipopolysaccharide (LPS), DNA, and CD40 ligand. To date, the regulation of IL-12 expression at the transcriptional level has mainly been examined in macrophages and restricted almost exclusively to the p40 gene. Here we show that in CD8+ dendritic cells, major producers of IL-12 p70, the Rel/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway is necessary for the induction of IL-12 in response to microbial stimuli. In contrast to macrophages which require c-Rel for p40 transcription, in CD8+ dendritic cells, the induced expression of p35 rather than p40 by inactivated Staphylococcus aureus, DNA, or LPS is c-Rel dependent and regulated directly by c-Rel complexes binding to the p35 promoter. This data establishes the IL-12 p35 gene as a new target of c-Rel and shows that the regulation of IL-12 p70 expression at the transcriptional level by Rel/NF-κB is controlled through both the p35 and p40 genes in a cell type–specific fashion.

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