scholarly journals Intravascular Hemolysis and Septicemia due toClostridium perfringensEmphysematous Cholecystitis and Hepatic Abscesses

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Cochrane ◽  
Lacie Bland ◽  
Mary Noble
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Intravascular Hemolysis ◽  
Emphysematous Cholecystitis ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Early Source

Context.Clostridium perfringenssepticemia is often associated with translocation from the gastrointestinal or gastrourinary tract and occurs in patients who have malignancy or are immunocompromised.Clostridium perfringenssepticemia is usually fatal without early identification, source control, and antibiotics.Case. We present a case of a 65-year-old female withClostridium perfringenssepticemia secondary to emphysematous cholecystitis, with progression to hepatic abscesses.Conclusion. Septicemia secondary toClostridium perfringensis generally fatal if not detected early. Source control with surgery or percutaneous drainage and early antibiotic therapy is imperative. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy may reduce mortality. Clinicians caring for patients with sepsis and intravascular hemolysis must haveClostridium perfringenssepticemia on their differential diagnosis with a low threshold for starting antibiotics and pursuing source of infection.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as an adjuvant to source control in necrotizing soft tissue infections

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-542
Author(s):  
António Pedro Pinto Ferreira ◽  
◽  
Sérgio Santos Vide ◽  
Tiago David Fonseca Fernandes ◽  
Pedro Miguel Barata de Silva Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections

scholarly journals A “Terrible” Headache in a HIV Patient

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110141
Author(s):  
Marios Stavrakas ◽  
Ioannis Koskinas ◽  
Jannis Constantinidis ◽  
Petros D Karkos
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Fungal Sinusitis ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients ◽  
Distant Spread ◽  
Nose And Throat

Mucormycosis is a type of fungal infection more prevalent among immunosuppressed patients, requires prompt identification and surgical treatment, as it can is associated with local and distant spread. This case is aiming to highlight the importance of early identification of subtle symptoms in immunocompromised patients. The clinician should be aware of fungal sinusitis, consider it in the differential diagnosis, and seek for an ear, nose, and throat opinion.

Anorexia Nervosa

1982 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Hans Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Aggressive Treatment ◽  
Adolescent Women ◽  
Benign Disorder ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Medical Symptoms

Anorexia nervosa is a complex, chronic, remittent disorder of mostly adolescent women. It presents with multiple psychiatric and medical symptoms which are difficult to diagnose and treat, especially in the long run. Its differential diagnosis is complex and treatment requires dedicated effort and several specialists working cooperatively. Its etiology is still unclear, although there are several promising leads. Treatment is largely empirical and nonspecific at this point. Early identification and aggressive treatment are the only hope for preventing chronicity. Its relatively high mortality attests to the fact that it is not a benign disorder.

scholarly journals Subglottic acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e226364
Author(s):  
Shilpa Ojha ◽  
Julian Gaskin ◽  
Michael Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Paediatric Patient ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukaemia ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Acute Airway Obstruction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Threshold

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is one of the the most common malignancies of childhood and can occasionally present as acute airway obstruction. We present the unusual case of a 1-year-old boy who was referred to our Paediatric Otolaryngology (ENT) clinic with a recurrent history of croup. This is the first reported case of localised ALL presenting as a subglottic mass in a paediatric patient. It highlights the need to have a broader differential diagnosis in children presenting with ‘recurrent croup’ including extramedullary presentation of leukaemia and to have a low threshold for performing endoscopy in such cases.

scholarly journals Clinical Applications of Hemolytic Markers in the Differential Diagnosis and Management of Hemolytic Anemia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Barcellini ◽  
B. Fattizzo
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Intravascular Hemolysis ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Autoimmune Reaction ◽  
Poor Prognostic Factor ◽  
Chronic Hemolysis

Several hemolytic markers are available to guide the differential diagnosis and to monitor treatment of hemolytic conditions. They include increased reticulocytes, an indicator of marrow compensatory response, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, a marker of intravascular hemolysis, reduced haptoglobin, and unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. The direct antiglobulin test is the cornerstone of autoimmune forms, and blood smear examination is fundamental in the diagnosis of congenital membrane defects and thrombotic microangiopathies. Marked increase of lactate dehydrogenase and hemosiderinuria are typical of intravascular hemolysis, as observed in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and hyperferritinemia is associated with chronic hemolysis. Prosthetic valve replacement and stenting are also associated with intravascular and chronic hemolysis. Compensatory reticulocytosis may be inadequate/absent in case of marrow involvement, iron/vitamin deficiency, infections, or autoimmune reaction against bone marrow-precursors. Reticulocytopenia occurs in 20–40% of autoimmune hemolytic anemia cases and is a poor prognostic factor. Increased reticulocytes, lactate dehydrogenase, and bilirubin, as well as reduced haptoglobin, are observed in conditions other than hemolysis that may confound the clinical picture. Hemoglobin defines the clinical severity of hemolysis, and thrombocytopenia suggests a possible thrombotic microangiopathy or Evans’ syndrome. A comprehensive clinical and laboratory evaluation is advisable for a correct diagnostic and therapeutic workup of the different hemolytic conditions.

scholarly journals Clostridium perfringens as Foodborne Pathogen in Broiler Production: Pathophysiology and Potential Strategies for Controlling Necrotic Enteritis

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1718
Author(s):  
Zuamí Villagrán-de la Mora ◽  
María Esther Macías-Rodríguez ◽  
Jenny Arratia-Quijada ◽  
Yesica Sughey Gonzalez-Torres ◽  
Karla Nuño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters

Clostridium perfringens (Cp.) is the cause of human foodborne desease. Meat and poultry products are identified as the main source of infection for humans. Cp. can be found in poultry litter, feces, soil, dust, and healthy birds’ intestinal contents. Cp. strains are known to secrete over 20 identified toxins and enzymes that could potentially be the principal virulence factors, capable of degrading mucin, affecting enterocytes, and the small intestine epithelium, involved in necrotic enteritis (NE) pathophysiology, also leading to immunological responses, microbiota modification and anatomical changes. Different environmental and dietary factors can determine the colonization of this microorganism. It has been observed that the incidence of Cp-associated to NE in broilers has increased in countries that have stopped using antibiotic growth promoters. Since the banning of such antibiotic growth promoters, several strategies for Cp. control have been proposed, including dietary modifications, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, phytogenics, organic acids, and vaccines. However, there are aspects of the pathology that still need to be clarified to establish better actions to control and prevention. This paper reviews the current knowledge about Cp. as foodborne pathogen, the pathophysiology of NE, and recent findings on potential strategies for its control.

scholarly journals Post-ERCP Emphysematous Cholecystitis in a Young Woman: A Rare and Potentially Fatal Complication

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Roisin Stack ◽  
Joseph McLoughlin ◽  
Amy Gillis ◽  
Barbara M. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Young Woman ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Healthy Woman ◽  
Gallbladder Perforation ◽  
Significant Delay ◽  
Fatal Complication ◽  
Emphysematous Cholecystitis ◽  
Diagnostic Uncertainty

A 45-year-old woman with suspected Functional Biliary Sphincter Disorder (FBSD) developed Clostridium perfringens related emphysematous cholecystitis after ERCP. A low index of suspicion for emphysematous cholecystitis in this young, otherwise healthy woman led to a significant delay in making the correct diagnosis, and air in the gallbladder was wrongly attributed to a possible gallbladder perforation. ERCP is associated with significant risks, particularly in patients with FBSD, where diagnostic uncertainty renders the balance of risk versus benefit even more critical. Post-ERCP emphysematous cholecystitis secondary to Clostridium perfringens is a rare but potentially fatal complication.

Is That Air in There? Emphysematous Cholecystitis with Septic Hip Caused by Clostridium perfringens

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. S301-S302
Author(s):  
Kimberly Kolkhorst ◽  
Adnan Muhammad ◽  
Jon Finan ◽  
Patrick Brady
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Emphysematous Cholecystitis
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