scholarly journals Resistant Starch Contents of Native and Heat-Moisture Treated Jackfruit Seed Starch

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ornanong S. Kittipongpatana ◽  
Nisit Kittipongpatana
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Ordered Structure ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Pharmaceutical Application ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Moisture Treatment ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Commercial Source ◽  
Significant Change

Native jackfruit seed starch (JFS) contains 30% w/w type II resistant starch (RS2) and can potentially be developed as a new commercial source of RS for food and pharmaceutical application. Heat-moisture treatment (HMT) was explored as a mean to increase RS content of native JFS. The effect of the conditions was tested at varied moisture contents (MC), temperatures, and times. Moisture levels of 20–25%, together with temperatures 80–110°C, generally resulted in increases of RS amount. The highest amount of RS (52.2%) was achieved under treatment conditions of 25% MC and 80°C, for 16 h (JF-25-80-16). FT-IR peak ratio at 1047/1022 cm−1suggested increases in ordered structure in several HMT-JFS samples with increased RS. SEM showed no significant change in the granule appearance, except at high moisture/temperature treatment. XRD revealed no significant change in peaks intensities, suggesting the crystallinity within the granule was mostly retained. DSC showed increases inTgand, in most cases,ΔT, as the MC was increased in the samples. Slight but significant decreases inΔHwere observed in samples with low RS, indicating that a combination of high moisture and temperature might cause partial gelatinization. HMT-JFS with higher RS exhibited less swelling, while the solubility remained mostly unchanged.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Bio-Oilphenol-Formaldehyde Resins under Alkali Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Günay Özbay ◽  
Caglar Cekic ◽  
Muhammad Syarhabil Ahmad ◽  
Erkan Sami Kokten
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Bonding Performance ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Pre Treatment

In the present study, bio-oil produced from vacuum pyrolysis of woody biomass has been investigated as a source of chemical feedstock. Bio-based resins were produced using the bio- oil with phenol substitutions ranging from 10 to 30 wt%. The conventional GC/MS analysis was carried out for the evaluation of the chemical composition of bio-oil. TGA, DSC and FT-IR analyses were used in order to characterize the bio-oil-phenol-formaldehyde (BPF) resins. The bonding quality of wood samples bonded with the BPF resins was investigated under different pre-treatment conditions. The highest shear strength was observed for the control samples bonded with the laboratory PF resin. As the amount of bio-oil was increased up to 30 wt%, the shear strength of the samples decreased from 12.08 to 11.76 N/mm2. The bonding performance was not negatively affected by the combination of bio-oil under dry conditions. According to TS EN 12765 standard, the relevant performance requirements for bonded samples under dry conditions must be at least 10 N/mm2. Relating to the standard, all samples bonded with BPF resins obtained the requirements for durability class C1. Under wet conditions, the bonding performance was negatively affected by the addition of bio-oil. However, the BPF resins fulfilled the durability requirements for C1, C2, and C3 specified in EN 12765 (2002).

Preparation Crystalline Mesoporous Titania at Mild Conditions with Inorganic Titanium Precursors

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 2053-2056
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Rui Qing Liu ◽  
Ai Hua Wen ◽  
Xuan Dong Li
Keyword(s):  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Mesoporous Tio2 ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Mesoporous Titania ◽  
N2 Adsorption ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Additive Reaction

In order to avoid the damage on mesostructure by the high temperature treatment, inorganic titanium species were used as the precursors for the preparation of mesoporous TiO2 of crystalline framework at mild conditions. The influences of the precursor, additive, reaction pH and temperature on phase and textural structures of the products were investigated. The samples were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, FT-IR and SEM. The results show that anatase mesoporous TiO2 with large surface area could be obtained without calcination with Ti(SO4)2 as precursor or TiCl4 when SO42- was added. And the template could be completely removed by Soxhlet extraction.

scholarly journals Effect of Heat Moisture Treatment Using Different Solvents and Incubation Times on Resistant Starch Formation of Rice Flour

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 560-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuchita Moongngarm ◽  
Piyatida Srijinda ◽  
Tatdao Paseephol ◽  
Supachai Samana ◽  
Nipapon Martphutorn
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Heat Moisture Treatment ◽  
Moisture Treatment ◽  
Starch Formation

Significance of heat-moisture treatment conditions on the pasting and gelling behaviour of various starch-rich cereal and pseudocereal flours

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 623-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concha Collar
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Heat Moisture Treatment ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Viscosity Profile ◽  
Moisture Treatment ◽  
Short Heating Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wheat Flours ◽  
Short Heating

The impact of heat-moisture treatment processing conditions (15%, 25%, and 35% moisture content; 1, 3, and 5 h heating time at 120 ℃) on the viscosity pasting and gelling profiles of different grain flours matrices (barley, buckwheat, sorghum, high β-glucan barley, and wheat) was investigated by applying successive cooking and cooling cycles to rapid visco analyser canisters with highly hydrated samples (3.5:25, w:w). At a milder heat-moisture treatment conditions (15% moisture content, 1 h heating time), except for sorghum, heat-moisture treatment flours reached much higher viscosity values during earlier pasting and subsequent gelling than the corresponding native counterparts. Besides heat-moisture treatment wheat flour, the described behaviour found also for non-wheat-treated flours has not been previously reported in the literature. An increased hydrophobicity of prolamins and glutelins in low moisture-short heating time heat-moisture treatment of non-wheat flours with high protein content (12.92%–19.95%) could explain the enhanced viscosity profile observed.

Recovery rates in generalized anxiety disorder following psychological therapy: an analysis of clinically significant change in the STAI-T across outcome studies since 1990

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1425-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER L. FISHER ◽  
ROBERT C. DURHAM
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Psychological Therapy ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
Clinically Significant Change ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Clinically Significant

Background. There have been six randomized controlled trials of psychological therapy with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) using DSM-III-R and DSM-IV. All have used the Trait version of the Spielberger State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T) as one of several outcome measures. Each study, however, employed different methods of calculating the clinical significance of outcomes making it difficult to reach a balanced appraisal of the efficacy of psychological treatment.Methods. Raw data on STAI-T scores at pre-, post- and follow-up were obtained for each of the six studies (total N=404). Jacobson methodology for defining clinically significant change (criterion c, reliable change index = 8, cut-off point = 46) was used to allocate each patient to one of four outcomes: worse, unchanged, improved and recovered. The proportion of patients in each category was calculated for treatment conditions in each study and also for aggregate data across types of treatment.Results. A recovery rate of 40% was found for the sample as a whole with 12 of the 20 treatment conditions obtaining very modest recovery rates of 30% or less. Two treatment approaches – individual cognitive behavioural therapy and applied relaxation – do relatively well with overall recovery rates at 6-month follow-up of 50–60%.Conclusions. Jacobson methodology, in distinguishing between improvement and recovery on a standardized measure of general vulnerability to anxiety, provides a stringent but clinically more meaningful evaluation of the efficacy of psychological therapies with GAD than has been available hitherto. Systematic focus on either excessive worry or physiological arousal gives worthwhile results.

OFFAL GROWTH IN YOUNG AND MATURE DAIRY COWS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. M. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Weekly Basis ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Commercial Source

Nineteen young and eighteen mature lean Holstein cows were purchased from a commercial source and fed a high energy diet ad libitum based on high moisture corn and haylage. Six young and six mature cows were slaughtered at the start of the trial to give an estimate of the initial weight of the offal components. After 68 days on feed, two young cows and two mature cows were slaughtered on a weekly basis until the conclusion of the trial. The offal components were weighed fresh and the alimentary components emptied of digesta. The growth pattern of each offal component relative to empty body weight was estimated from the allometric equation (Y = aXb). Growth coefficients were homogeneous between young and mature cows, indicating that cow age did not influence the relative growth of offal. The internal organs concerned with vital body functions tended to be related to empty body weight to the power of 0.67, which is proportional to the basal metabolic rate. The internal fat depots, however, all had growth coefficients in excess of one. At a constant empty body weight young cows had heavier hides (P < 0.5) and tended to have less hot carcass weight (5.4 kg) than mature cows.

Microstructure and Growth Mechanism of Glucose-Carburized Nickel Substrates

2013 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
E.M. Pechlivani ◽  
G. Stergioudis ◽  
E. Pavlidou ◽  
S. Skolianos ◽  
D. Tsipas
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Nickel Substrates ◽  
Current Densities

In this research, efforts were made to study the modification of microstructure of pure Ni matrices. Modification was attempted using glucose as carburizing medium under a control of heat treatment conditions. Nickel plates were carburized under vacuum conditions at 380°C and 650°C for 3 hours. In order to determine the parameters of the carburizing, thermal properties of glucose along with the thermochemical behavior were examined by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). The characterization of the microstructure of the carburized specimens was investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). For analyzing the effect of temperature treatment on corrosion resistance, electrochemical corrosion tests were conducted. It was observed that the polarization curves for carburized samples at 380°C were shifted to lower corrosion current densities. Consequently, lower corrosion rates were achieved for these samples preventing the formation of extensive corrosion over their surfaces comparing with carburized Nickel substrates at 650°C.

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