scholarly journals Compact Two-Section Half-Wave Balun Based on Planar Artificial Transmission Lines

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changjun Liu ◽  
Zhenyu Yin ◽  
Yilan Yang ◽  
Wen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Characteristic Impedance ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Power Combining ◽  
Half Wave ◽  
Phase Balance

Artificial transmission lines are realized by a series of meandered-line inductors, parallel-plate capacitors, and interdigital capacitors, which belong to metamaterial transmission lines. An ameliorated artificial transmission line is proposed to realize a low characteristic impedance transmission line. A two-section half-wave balun at 900 MHz is designed, fabricated, and measured in this paper. The compact balun is based on conventional and ameliorated planar artificial transmission lines instead of microstrip transmission lines. The main advantage of the proposed balun is its size reduction, which occupies only about 10% of a conventional one. Measured results match well with theory and simulation. The balun features excellent amplitude and phase balance in microwave power combining and a reasonable bandwidth of the return loss as well.

scholarly journals A Novel Synthetization Approach for Multi Coupled Line Section Impedance Transformers in Wideband Applications

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 875
Author(s):  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Xiaolong Wang ◽  
Chunxi Bao ◽  
Bin Wu ◽  
Chun-Ping Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Circuit Simulation ◽  
Characteristic Impedance ◽  
Fractional Bandwidth ◽  
Coupled Line ◽  
Variable Parameters ◽  
Line Section ◽  
Original Topology ◽  
Impedance Parameters

In this paper, a novel synthetization approach is proposed for filter-integrated wideband impedance transformers (ITs). The original topology consists of N cascaded coupled line sections (CLSs) with 2N characteristic impedance parameters. By analyzing these characteristic impedances, a Chebyshev response can be derived to consume N + 2 design conditions. To optimize the left N − 2 variable parameters, CLSs were newly substituted by transmission lines (TLs) to consume the remaining variable parameters and simplify the circuit topology. Therefore, there are totally 2N − N − 2 substituting possibilities. To verify the proposed approach, 25 cases are listed under the condition of N = 5, and 7 selected cases are compared and discussed in detail. Finally, a 75–50 Ω IT with 100% fractional bandwidth and 20 dB bandpass return loss (RL) is designed and fabricated. The measured results meet the circuit simulation and the EM simulation accurately.

Transmission Line

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-71
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Propagation Constant ◽  
Characteristic Impedance ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electromagnetic Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Lumped Elements

A transmission line (TL) is simply a medium that is capable of guiding or propagating electromagnetic energy. The transmission line stores the electric (E) and magnetic (M) energies and distributes them in space by alternating them between the two forms. This means that at any point along a TL, energy is stored in a mixture of E and M forms and, for an alternating signal at any point on the TL, converted from one form to the other as time progresses. Transmission line is usually modelled using lumped elements (i.e., inductors for magnetic energy, capacitors for electric energy, and resistors for modelling losses). The electrical characteristics of a TL such as the propagation constant, the attenuation constant, the characteristic impedance, and the distributed circuit parameters can only be determined from the knowledge of the fields surrounding the transmission line. This chapter gives a brief overview of various transmission lines, with more detailed discussions on the microstrip and the SIW.

scholarly journals Solving the Complexity Problem in the Electronics Production Process by Reducing the Sensitivity of Transmission Line Characteristics to Their Parameter Variations

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talgat R. Gazizov ◽  
Indira Ye. Sagiyeva ◽  
Sergey P. Kuksenko
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Characteristic Impedance ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complexity Problem ◽  
Parameter Variations ◽  
Parameter Values

In this paper we consider the complexity problem in electronics production process. Particularly, we investigate the ways to reduce sensitivity of transmission line characteristics to their parameter variations. The reduction is shown for the per-unit-length delay and characteristic impedance of several modifications of microstrip transmission lines. It can be obtained by means of making an optimal choice of parameter values, enabling proper electric field redistribution in the air and the substrate. To achieve this aim we used an effective simulation technique and software tools. Taken together, for the first time, they have allowed formulating general approach which is relevant to solve a wide range of similar tasks.

scholarly journals Novel Low-Cost Power Divider for 5.8 GHz

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 699
Author(s):  
Tso-Jung Chang ◽  
Krishna Pande ◽  
Heng-Tung Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Insertion Loss ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Characteristic Impedance ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Coupled Line

This paper presents a new capacitive lump-free structure for power dividers using a printed-circuit board, while maintaining size reduction and physical isolation. The conventional lumped capacitors approach has self-resonant problem and cause worse S 22 and isolation at high frequencies. To overcome such technical issues, the coupled-line structures were introduced in the isolation network. After optimizing the distance between output ports and position of the isolation network, tuning the characteristic impedance and electrical length of transmission lines can decide the value of the lump resistor. The first example was designed at 1 GHz, and the resistor in the isolation network was 330 ohm, having 0.2-dB insertion loss and 19% total bandwidth, while maintaining 80-degree distance between split ports and 180-degree total length, providing 21% to 67% size reduction. The second example was designed at 5.8 GHz, which was five times greater than in past research, using an RO4003C substrate while maintaining a 0.24-dB insertion loss, 17% total bandwidth, and 0.06 dB amplitude imbalance, which was only 0.01 dB more than in recent research. Such superior performance is mainly attributed to the coupled transmission lines in the isolation network featuring a capacitive lump-free isolation network. Our data indicate that amplitude imbalance, bandwidth, and miniaturization are superior to any published data.

Evaluation of Dry Etching Induced Damage of Gainas Using Transmission Lines and Schottky Diodes

1993 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Thomas ◽  
S. W. Pang
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Etch Rate ◽  
Schottky Diodes ◽  
Dry Etching ◽  
Rf Power ◽  
Ion Energy ◽  
Source Distance ◽  
Ecr Source

AbstractPlasma etching of GaInAs and AlInAs has been carried out in a system which consists of an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) source and an rf-powered stage. Since the ECR source can generate a plasma with low ion energy, dry etching induced damage is expected to be minimal. In this study, Schottky diodes and transmission lines were fabricated on the etched GaInAs surface. The diode and transmission line characteristics were evaluated as a function of etch conditions. For the etching of GaInAs and AllnAs, C12 and Ar were used as the etch gases. In addition to the ratio of the two gases, microwave power, rf power, pressure, and source distance were varied and their effects on etch rate, morphology, and surface damage were analyzed. Etch rate increased monotonically with microwave power, rf power, and C12 percentage. Etch rate decreased with increasing distance and reached a maximum for a pressure of 1 mTorr. The etch conditions for the damage study were chosen to maintain smooth morphology. One of the most important factors influencing damage was the ion energy which can be limited by using low rf power and short source distance. Minimum damage was obtained at 1 mTorr which provides the optimal balance between high etch rate and low ion energy. Besides limiting ion energy, the addition of Cl2 reduced etch-induced damage. The specific contact resistivity and sheet resistivity obtained from transmission line measurements of dryetched n-GaInAs were lower than the wet-etched samples. Schottky diode analysis show reduction in barrier height and breakdown voltage after Ar sputtering. Addition of 10% C12 is sufficient for full recovery of the diode characteristics.

scholarly journals Applying the Retarded Solutions of Electromagnetic Fields to Transmission Line RLGC Modeling

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
P. Ye ◽  
B. Gore ◽  
P. Huray
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Propagation Constant ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Characteristic Impedance ◽  
Simulation Methods ◽  
Arbitrary Length ◽  
Small Segment ◽  
Numerical Simulation Methods

The RLGC model, and its variations, is one of the most common techniques to simulate Transmission Lines. The RLGC model uses circuit network elements consisting of Resistance R, Inductance L, Conductance G and Capacitance C (per unit length) to represent a small segment of the Transmission Line, and then cascades multiple segments to simulate the Transmission Line of arbitrary length. Typically the parameters in RLGC model are extracted from the propagation constant and characteristic impedance of the transmission line, which are found using numerical simulation methods. These resulting RLGC parameters for multi-GHz signaling are usually frequency-dependent. This paper introduces an analytical approach to extract RLGC parameters to simulate transmission line, which results in a different model, the RLGC(p) model.

scholarly journals Frequency response analysis of dielectric materials in a parallel-plate transmission line

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 893
Author(s):  
Aaron Don Munsayac Africa ◽  
Gregory James Pe ◽  
Robert Ianny Roy Quijano
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Frequency Response ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Dielectric Material ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Sheet Material ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Parallel Plates

A transmission line allows different frequencies to conduct alternating current (AC). They are a peculiar type of wire that allows signal transmission while making it resistant to external noises. A parallel-plate transmission line is a type of transmission line designed with two parallel plates with a dielectric sheet material in the center, as the name implies. The parallel-plate transmission lines are usually used for a miniature setup in which the line prevents the signal from losing power. However, the line's frequency response is a varying setup in which a change in a parameter can fully change the frequency response of the line, and in turn trigger inefficiency. With this, different factors such as the conductor, the size, and the dielectric material of the parallel-plate transmission line can affect its frequency response. Specifically, the analysis of the transmission would test the various frequency responses when the dielectric sheet content is varied. The researchers will carry out experiments on air, Teflon, plexiglass, and E type glass dielectrics.

scholarly journals A Miniaturized 4 : 1 Unequal Wilkinson Power Divider Using Artificial Transmission Lines and Double-Sided Parallel-Strip Lines

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Huang ◽  
Wei Ruan ◽  
Fei Tan
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Microstrip Line ◽  
Characteristic Impedance ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Power Divider ◽  
Parallel Strip ◽  
Wilkinson Power Divider ◽  
Strip Lines ◽  
Very High

A 4 : 1 unequal Wilkinson power divider using microstrip artificial transmission lines (ATLs) is proposed. For the ATL, a series of meandered-line inductors, parallel-plate capacitors, and interdigital capacitors are employed. The designed power divider is composed of three ATLs, and a method has been proposed using technology of ATLs and double-sided parallel-strip lines (DSPSLs) to design line of high characteristic impedance. Microstrip line with very high characteristic impedance of over 150 Ω has been achieved by this method, which cannot be easily achieved by conventional transmission lines because of comparably thin conductor width. The fabricated 4 : 1 unequal power divider has good operational performance and occupies55.3 mm×37.8 mm, which is only about 40% of area compared to a conventional one at 0.9 GHz.

scholarly journals Using 2.4 GHz load-side voltage standing waves to passively boost RF-DC voltage conversion in RF rectifier

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-125
Author(s):  
Rushi Vyas ◽  
Sichong Li ◽  
Fadhel Ghannouchi
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Input Impedance ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Matching Network ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Half Wave ◽  
Wireless Energy Harvesting ◽  
Voltage Conversion

AbstractA novel, dual-band, voltage-multiplying (RF-DC) rectifier circuit with load-tuned stages resulting in a 50 Ω input-impedance and high RF-DC conversion in 2.4 and 5.8 GHz bands for wireless energy-harvesting is presented. Its novelty is in the use of optimal-length transmission lines on the load side of the 4 half-wave rectifying stages within the two-stage voltage multiplier topology. Doing so boosts the rectifier's output voltage due to an induced standing-wave peak at each diode's input, and gives the rectifier a 50 Ω input-impedance without an external-matching-network in the 2.4 GHz band. Comparisons with other rectifiers show the proposed design achieving a higher DC output and better immunity to changing output loads for similar input power levels and load conditions. The second novelty of this rectifier is a tuned secondary feed that connects the rectifier's input to its second stage to give dual-band performance in the 5.8 GHz band. By tuning this feed such that the second stage and first stage reactances cancel, return-loss resonance in the 5.8 GHz band is achieved in addition to 2.4 GHz. Simulations and measurements of the design show RF-DC sensitivity of −7.2 and −3.7 dBm for 1.8V DC output, and better than 10 dB return-loss, in 2.4 and 5.8 GHz bands without requiring an external-matching-network.

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