scholarly journals Insect Diversity of the Muni-Pomadze Ramsar Site: An Important Site for Biodiversity Conservation in Ghana

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosina Kyerematen ◽  
Daniel Acquah-Lamptey ◽  
Erasmus Henaku Owusu ◽  
Roger Sigismund Anderson ◽  
Yaa Ntiamoa-Baidu
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Ramsar Site ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Good Shape ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Conservation Concern

An inventory of species diversity of insects of the Muni-Pomadze Ramsar site, with special reference to species of conservation concern, was carried out as part of an evaluation of changes in the ecological character of the site, twenty years after designation. Samples were taken from two protected areas within the Ramsar site, in the wet (July), dry (January), and intermediate (June) seasons. Community diversity was characterized in terms of number of species accumulated, species richness, Shannon-Weiner indices of diversity, Pielou’s evenness, and Bray-Curtis similarity. A total of 134 families from 19 insect orders were recorded during the entire study period. Yenku Block A recorded the highest species richness (98) and the highest diversity index (14.97), corroborated by the highest Margalef index of 3.82 with a relatively even distribution of species (0.834) during the intermediate season, and recorded the lowest diversity (6.957) and species richness (41) during the dry season. On the whole, the Muni-Pomadzi Ramsar site showed a high diversity of insect species. The presence of species such as Junonia oenone and Papilio demodocus which are specialized in degraded habitats at Yenku Block A in large numbers is a clear indication of degradation of the forest, but the presence of forest species such as Salamis anacardii and Euphaedra crokeri is an indication that some parts of this reserve are still in good shape. A comparison of the butterfly species recorded with findings in a 1997 survey showed a marked increase in numbers from 75 to 130; this may be attributed to the habitat changes that have taken place at the site offering more diverse habitat types.

scholarly journals Butterfly diversity of Putalibazar Municipality, Syangja District, Gandaki Province, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 18827-18845
Author(s):  
Kismat Neupane ◽  
Mahamad Sayab Miya
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Butterfly Diversity ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

A study was carried out to find the butterfly species diversity and abundance in Putalibazar Municipality, Syangja, Gandaki, Nepal, from June 2019 to July 2020. Pollard walk method was used for data collection in three different habitat types: forest, agricultural land, and settlement area. The study was performed in all seasons: pre-monsoon, monsoon, post monsoon and winter. A total of 180 butterfly species from 108 genera and six families were recorded. The overall Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) was 4.48. The highest diversity was represented by the Nymphalidae with 67 species (H= 3.79). Butterfly diversity and species abundance was highest in the forest area (147 species, 1199 individuals; H= 4.47). The highest species richness (109 species) was observed in the monsoon season.

scholarly journals Assessing Ecological Risks from Atmospheric Deposition of Nitrogen and Sulfur to US Forests Using Epiphytic Macrolichens

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda H. Geiser ◽  
Peter R. Nelson ◽  
Sarah E. Jovan ◽  
Heather T. Root ◽  
Christopher M. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Critical Loads ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Total Species

Critical loads of atmospheric deposition help decision-makers identify levels of air pollution harmful to ecosystem components. But when critical loads are exceeded, how can the accompanying ecological risk be quantified? We use a 90% quantile regression to model relationships between nitrogen and sulfur deposition and epiphytic macrolichens, focusing on responses of concern to managers of US forests: Species richness and abundance and diversity of functional groups with integral ecological roles. Analyses utilized national-scale lichen survey data, sensitivity ratings, and modeled deposition and climate data. We propose 20, 50, and 80% declines in these responses as cut-offs for low, moderate, and high ecological risk from deposition. Critical loads (low risk cut-off) for total species richness, sensitive species richness, forage lichen abundance and cyanolichen abundance, respectively, were 3.5, 3.1, 1.9, and 1.3 kg N and 6.0, 2.5, 2.6, and 2.3 kg S ha−1 yr−1. High environmental risk (80% decline), excluding total species richness, occurred at 14.8, 10.4, and 6.6 kg N and 14.1, 13, and 11 kg S ha−1 yr−1. These risks were further characterized in relation to geography, species of conservation concern, number of species affected, recovery timeframes, climate, and effects on interdependent biota, nutrient cycling, and ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Waders (Aves, Charadriiformes) in a Mediterranean remnant wetland: a year-round pilot study evidences contrasting patterns in diversity metrics

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Corrado Battisti ◽  
Aldo Boano ◽  
Michele Cento ◽  
Amedeo Circosta ◽  
Sergio Muratore
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Species Richness And Diversity ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
Complementary Pattern ◽  
Vanellus Vanellus ◽  
High Dominance ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Diversity Metrics

Around a yearly cycle (August 2011 - July 2012), we studied the assemblages of waders (Aves Charadriiformes) occurring in a Mediterranean remnant wetland, obtaining a set of diversity metrics. Mean total abundance shows a complementary pattern when compared to species richness and diversity: the highest values of mean total abundance were observed in December-January, due to high dominance of only one very abundant and gregarious species (the lapwing Vanellus vanellus). On the contrary, in this period, species richness and diversity showed the lowest values. These last metrics were highest in values during the April-September period when a large number of species of conservation concern utilize muddy areas as trophic and stop-over sites, due to the seasonal water stress. The highest values in species turnover index were observed between December-January and February-March when passage migrants (high richness, low abundance) substitute the wintering species (low richness, high abundance). Our data highlight that, in Mediterranean remnant wetlands, strategies should be addressed to increase the muddy suitable areas in the April-September period in order to maximize species richness and diversity. In fact, in these months these habitats host pre- and post-breeding migrant waders of conservation concern.

Ecological responses of Stipa steppe in Inner Mongolia to experimentally increased temperature and precipitation. 2. Plant species diversity and sward characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Wan ◽  
Yulong Yan ◽  
Yali Chen ◽  
Rui Gu ◽  
Qingzhu Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Steppe Community

The responses of plant community diversity and sward characteristics to temperature and moisture changes on the Stipa steppe in Inner Mongolia were investigated in the growing season from 2013 to 2015. Warming significantly (P < 0.05) increased biomass and density. Highest biomass and density were achieved with warming and precipitation combined, whereas increased precipitation alone had no significant effect. Warming increased the Shannon–Weiner diversity index, which was significantly correlated with both air temperature (R2 = 0.45, P < 0.05) and soil temperature (R2 = 0.255 P < 0.05), and it was further increased by the combination of warming and increased precipitation. The Simpson index, an alternative measure of diversity that is not as sensitive to species richness, was less responsive to either warming or increased precipitation. Overall, warming had a more substantial effect than increased precipitation on the characteristics of the Stipa steppe community. However, its impact was complex, with significant variance among the 3 years of the study. The impacts of future changes in precipitation are also likely to be complex and warrant further research.

Struktur Komunitas Kupu-Kupu Superfamili Papilionoidae (Lepidoptera) di Kawasan DAS Budi Kecamatan Sungai Betung Kabupaten Bengkayang Provinsi Kalimantan Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Farah Diba ◽  
R Ressiawan ◽  
N Nurhaida
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

The Budi watershed, which is located in Sungai Betung Subdistrict, Bengkayang Regency, West Kalimantan Province, is a land and water conservation area which is a source of clean water for the community. The forest in the Budi watershed becomes a habitat for butterflies. The research aims to analyze the community structure and identify the types of butterflies in Budi watershed Sungai Betung Subdistrict, Bengkayang Regency, West Kalimantan Province. The research methods used survey method with scan sampling technique in the morning and evening. Data from the inventory of butterfly species and the number of individuals of each species were analyzwd using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H”), the Margalef species richness index (DMg) and the Simpson dominance index (D). The results showed that the total number of butterfly species found in the Budi watershed was 22 species with 148 individuals belonging to three families, namely Nymphalidae (14 species), Papilionoidae (3 species), and Pieridae (5 species). The most dominance species found were Eurema blanda, Hypolimnas bolina, and Letopsia nina. The index of butterfly species richness in Budi watershed was DMg = 9.67 and is included in categorized high species richness. The butterfly dominance index D = 0.0066 and it categorized to low species dominance. Species diversity index H” = 2.093 and showed the diversity of butterfly species in the Budi watershed, Sungai Betung sub district, Bengkayang Regency is included in the medium diversity category.  

scholarly journals Species Richness and Diversity of Resident and Migratory Landbirds in Remnant Forest Patches and Residential Areas in the Florida Keys, USA

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Martin B. Main ◽  
Mary C. Christman ◽  
Annisa Karim ◽  
Mark Hostetler
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Resident Species ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
Conservation Concern

Conservation of migratory birds necessitates protecting suitable stopover habitat along migratory routes as well as destination habitats, especially near large geographic barriers such as the Gulf of Mexico. The Florida Keys (Keys) are an important stopover and breeding destination for migratory landbirds. We documented 47 migratory and 21 resident landbird species via point counts during March–May 2004 and 2005. As a group, species richness, species diversity, and the effective number of species of migratory landbirds, including several species of conservation concern, was significantly and positively associated with percent cover of tropical hardwood hammock, a threatened upland forest type. The collective resident landbird community in the Keys was negatively associated with native hammock cover, although species diversity of the resident community was positively associated with the proximity of native hammock and several resident species, including species of conservation concern, were commonly or predominantly associated with native hammock. Consequently, conservation of native hammock habitat in the Keys is an important conservation priority for migratory birds and several resident species of conservation concern.

scholarly journals Bird species richness in High-Andean forest fragments: habitat quality and topography matter

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance Fastré ◽  
Diederik Strubbe ◽  
José A. Balderrama ◽  
Jennifer R.A. Cahill ◽  
Hannes Ledegen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Bird Species Richness ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Exotic Plantations ◽  
Conservation Concern

Montane forests worldwide are known centers of endemism and biodiversity but are highly threatened by fragmentation processes. Using data collected in 15 Polylepis forest remnants covering 2000 hectares, we investigated how bird species richness and bird community composition, particularly for species of conservation concern, are influenced by habitat quality and topography in the Tunari National Park in the High Andes of Bolivia. Bird species richness was highest in topographically complex, low-elevation Polylepis patches located in areas with a high potential to retain rainwater. Bird communities differed strongly between Polylepis lanata and P. subtusalbida remnants, each supporting different threatened and endemic species. Within the P. subtusalbida forest, high-elevation fragments characterized by high amounts of sunlight and low anthropogenic disturbance were more likely to contain threatened species. Surprisingly, we found no effect of fragment size on the diversity or composition of bird communities or the presence of bird species of conservation concern. The presence of exotic plantations (Pinus and/or Eucalyptus spp.) in or outside forest remnants was negatively associated with the number of bird species as well as with occurrence of the endangered Cochabamba-mountain finch (Compsospiza garleppi). To support the different communities found in Polylepis forests, these results suggest that conservation efforts should be directed towards both forest types (P. subtusalbida and P. lanata) present in the area. For an efficient management of avian diversity, exotic plantations should be established away from native remnants while existing patches should be managed to maintain or increase habitat quality. Finally, the importance of local topography in determining avian species richness and community composition in forest fragments, mainly through topographic controls on moisture distribution and the amount of sunlight received by the fragments, should be considered when planning conservation and reforestation schemes.

scholarly journals Do Citizen Science Methods Identify Regions of High Avian Biodiversity?

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 656
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Butler ◽  
Chad King ◽  
Dan L. Reinking
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Science Methods ◽  
Breeding Bird ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
Avian Biodiversity ◽  
Conservation Concern

Citizen science may offer a way to improve our knowledge of the spatial distribution of biodiversity and endemism, as the data collected by this method can be integrated into existing data sources to provide a more robust understanding of broad scale patterns of species richness. We explored whether data collected by citizen scientists agree on identifying regions of high avian species richness in a well-studied state. We compiled and examined the number of bird species detected in each of the 77 counties of Oklahoma based on published range maps, museum collections, and by five citizen science methods: the USGS Breeding Bird Survey, the Oklahoma Breeding Bird Atlas, eBird, the Oklahoma Winter Bird Atlas, and National Audubon Society Christmas Bird Counts. We also quantified the number of species of conservation concern recorded by each method in each county. A total of 460 species were reported across the state, with the total number of species detected by each method ranging from 40% of this total (Winter Bird Atlas) to 94% of this total (eBird). In general, species totals were poorly correlated across methods, with only six of 21 combinations (28.6%) showing significant correlations. Total species numbers recorded in each county were correlated with human population density and county area, but not with mean annual temperature or precipitation. The total number of species of conservation concern was correlated with the total number of species detected, county area, and precipitation. Most of the citizen science methods examined in this study were not explicitly designed to identify regions of high biodiversity and so efforts to use these methods for this purpose should be employed only cautiously and with a thorough understanding of potential biases.

scholarly journals Butterfly diversity in the three selected areas in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-428
Author(s):  
Md Aminul Islam ◽  
Md Abul Kashem ◽  
Md Abdul Alim ◽  
Fatema Tuz Zohora
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Species Evenness ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Butterfly Diversity ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The Family

The diversity of butterfly species was studied from January to June 2015 in the three selected areas, viz. Ramna Park, Jagannath University Campus, and Baldha Garden in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. A total 75 species of butterfly belonging to 42 genera under 8 families were recorded from the study areas during the study period. Of them, 52 species (6253 individuals) of 8 families were found in the Ramna Park, 37 species (1430 individuals) of 7 families in the Jagannath University Campus and 20 species (320 individuals) of 6 families in the Boldha Garden. In these three study areas, 17 species, 14 genera and 6 families were in common. At the Ramna Park, the highest species richness included the family Lycaenidae (21.15%, 11 spp.) followed by Papilionidae (17.31%, 9 spp.), Pieridae (17.31%, 9 spp.), Nymphalidae (17.31%, 9 spp.), Hesperiidae (13.46%, 7 spp.), Danaidae (7.69%, 4 spp.), Satyridae (3.85%, 2 spp.), and the lowest was in the family Acriidae (1.92%, 1 spp.). At the Jagannath University Campus the highest number of species were recorded in the family Lycaenidae (21.62%, 8 spp.) and Hesperiidae (21.62%, 8 spp.) followed by Pieridae (18.92%, 7 spp.), Papilionidae (13.51%, 5 spp.), Nymphalidae (10.81%, 4 spp.), Danaidae (10.81%, 4 spp.), and the lowest was in Satyridae (2.70%, 1 spp.). The topmost butterfly species were recorded in the family Pieridae (25%, 5 spp.) followed by Lycaenidae (20%, 4 spp.), Nymphalidae (20%, 4 spp.), Papilionidae (15%, 3 spp.), and the lowest from the family Hesperiidae (10%, 2 spp.) and Danaidae (10%, 2 spp.) at the Baldha Garden. The maximum butterfly species were found in February to June (51 spp.), February (34 spp.), and April (16 spp.), and the lowest were in January (46 spp.), June (21 spp.) and January (8 spp.), respectively for the Ramna Park, Jagannath University Campus and the Baldha Garden. The peak of the population observed in May (n =1285), March (n = 325), and May (n = 71), and the lowest was in January (n = 662), June (n = 145) and January (n = 21), respectively for the Ramna Park, Jagannath University Campus, and Baldha Garden. The Shanon’s Diversity Index (H) and Simpson’s Index (λ) indicated high butterfly diversity at the Ramna Park (H = 3.68, λ = 0.03), Jagannath University Campus (H = 3.20, λ = 0.06) and Baldha Garden (H = 2.50, λ = 0.13), respectively. The high Species Evenness in the Ramna Park (E = 0.93), Jaganath University Campus (E = 0.89) and the Baldha Garden (E = 0.84) indicated that the species were evenly distributed. The calculated Sorenson’s Coefficient (CC) was 0.47, which indicates that these three communities have quite a bit of overlap or similarity. Bangladesh J. Zool. 48(2): 413-428, 2020

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