Ecological responses of Stipa steppe in Inner Mongolia to experimentally increased temperature and precipitation. 2. Plant species diversity and sward characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Wan ◽  
Yulong Yan ◽  
Yali Chen ◽  
Rui Gu ◽  
Qingzhu Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Steppe Community

The responses of plant community diversity and sward characteristics to temperature and moisture changes on the Stipa steppe in Inner Mongolia were investigated in the growing season from 2013 to 2015. Warming significantly (P < 0.05) increased biomass and density. Highest biomass and density were achieved with warming and precipitation combined, whereas increased precipitation alone had no significant effect. Warming increased the Shannon–Weiner diversity index, which was significantly correlated with both air temperature (R2 = 0.45, P < 0.05) and soil temperature (R2 = 0.255 P < 0.05), and it was further increased by the combination of warming and increased precipitation. The Simpson index, an alternative measure of diversity that is not as sensitive to species richness, was less responsive to either warming or increased precipitation. Overall, warming had a more substantial effect than increased precipitation on the characteristics of the Stipa steppe community. However, its impact was complex, with significant variance among the 3 years of the study. The impacts of future changes in precipitation are also likely to be complex and warrant further research.

Ecological responses of Stipa steppe in Inner Mongolia to experimentally increased temperature and precipitation. 3. Soil respiration

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuexia Wang ◽  
Yali Chen ◽  
Yulong Yan ◽  
Zhiqiang Wan ◽  
Ran Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Warming ◽  
Soil Respiration Rate ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

The response of soil respiration to simulated climatic warming and increased precipitation was evaluated on the arid–semi-arid Stipa steppe of Inner Mongolia. Soil respiration rate had a single peak during the growing season, reaching a maximum in July under all treatments. Soil temperature, soil moisture and their interaction influenced the soil respiration rate. Relative to the control, warming alone reduced the soil respiration rate by 15.6 ± 7.0%, whereas increased precipitation alone increased the soil respiration rate by 52.6 ± 42.1%. The combination of warming and increased precipitation increased the soil respiration rate by 22.4 ± 11.2%. When temperature was increased, soil respiration rate was more sensitive to soil moisture than to soil temperature, although the reverse applied when precipitation was increased. Under the experimental precipitation (20% above natural rainfall) applied in the experiment, soil moisture was the primary factor limiting soil respiration, but soil temperature may become limiting under higher soil moisture levels.

scholarly journals Revealing the Fingerprint of Climate Change in Interannual NDVI Variability among Biomes in Inner Mongolia, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linghui Guo ◽  
Liyuan Zuo ◽  
Jiangbo Gao ◽  
Yuan Jiang ◽  
Yongling Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Lag Effect

An understanding of the response of interannual vegetation variations to climate change is critical for the future projection of ecosystem processes and developing effective coping strategies. In this study, the spatial pattern of interannual variability in the growing season normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for different biomes and its relationships with climate variables were investigated in Inner Mongolia during 1982–2015 by jointly using linear regression, geographical detector, and geographically weighted regression methodologies. The result showed that the greatest variability of the growing season NDVI occurred in typical steppe and desert steppe, with forest and desert most stable. The interannual variability of NDVI differed monthly among biomes, showing a time gradient of the largest variation from northeast to southwest. NDVI interannual variability was significantly related to that of the corresponding temperature and precipitation for each biome, characterized by an obvious spatial heterogeneity and time lag effect marked in the later period of the growing season. Additionally, the large slope of NDVI variation to temperature for desert implied that desert tended to amplify temperature variations, whereas other biomes displayed a capacity to buffer climate fluctuations. These findings highlight the relationships between vegetation variability and climate variability, which could be used to support the adaptive management of vegetation resources in the context of climate change.

Molluscs Diversity in Coastal Ecosystem of South Biak, Papua

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludi Parwadani Aji ◽  
Andriani Widyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Seagrass Beds ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Transect Line ◽  
Evenness Index

Coastal areas of Biak Island consist of three major ecosystems: the mangrove, seagrass beds, and coral reefs where a variety of molluscs live. Mollusc diversity in South Biak waters was investigated in September 2011. The observation was conducted at 4 locations, i.e. Paray, Ambroben, Yenures, and Sorido with 2 stations at each location. The study aimed to obtain information on the diversity and community structure of the benthic molluscs (gastropods and bivalves) on the coastal areas of South Biak waters. Sampling method applied was quadrate-transect line in intertidal areas from inshore to offshore. The molluscs (epifauna and infauna) found inside the quadrate-transect were counted and identified. The result showed high benthic mollusc diversity with a total of 94 species, consisting of 75 species of gastropods and 19 species of bivalves. The most widespread gastropod found in all stations was Nassarius sp., while for bivalves was Tellina sp. The highest value of diversity index (H) was 2.96 found in Paray 1 and the lowest was 0.58 in Yenures 1. The Evenness index (E) and Simpson index (D) ranged from 0.27 to 0.96 and from 0.06 to 0.72 respectively. Species richness (d) ranged from 2.89 to 6.84 and similarity index from 3.90 to 42.40.  

Studies on Community Diversity of Spore-Forming bacteria at Soil of Swamping Wetland in WuLiangSuHai

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3548-3551
Author(s):  
Yu Qin Shao ◽  
Ji Zhao ◽  
Wei Wei Cao ◽  
Jia Yin Lu ◽  
Jing Yu Li
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Count Method ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
Spore Forming Bacteria ◽  
Index Of Diversity

This study used plate count method to analyze the composition of the Spore-forming bacteria community in the soil in swamping wetland, alkaline land, and desert belt, all of which grow in the upstream, midstream and downstream of swamping wetland of Wuliangsuhai. In this process, the Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index were used to analyze the index of diversity (H), the index of evenness (J), the index of richness (R) and the index of dominance (D) of the Spore-forming bacteria community. The results showed that: the diversity index of in soil of the swamping wetland and desert belt was the highest in the midstream, second in the upstream, and lowest in the downstream; that in soil of the alkaline land was the highest in the midstream, second in the downstream and lowest in the upstream, and showed significant differences between in the midstream and downstream and in upstream; that in soil of the desert belt showed significant differences between in the upstream and downstream and in midstream; in the same area, in the desert belt soil of Spore-forming bacteria more than swamping wetland and alkaline land.

scholarly journals Floristic composition, diversity and structure of Khaya senegalensis stands in Benue Department, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Awé Djongmo Victor ◽  
Noiha Noumi Valery Valery ◽  
Madou Chantal Chantal ◽  
Zapfack Louis
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Acacia Senegal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Khaya Senegalensis

The present work has been done to provide basic data for a better conservation and valorization ofKhaya senegalensis stands in Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon. A 100 m x 50 m transectmethod was undertaken to measure floristic diversity through the use of species richness,Shannon index, Pielou equitability, Simpson index, importance value index and importance valuefamily. The vegetation structure is determined by density, basal area and biovolume. Theinventory included trees with a dbh ?10 cm on an area of 1 ha per plot. A total of 6743individuals distributed in 24 families, 33 genera and 54 species were inventoried in all Khayasenegalensis stands studied. Statistical analysis showed significant differences, Shannon index,Simpson index, Pielou equitability, density, basal area, biovolume, species richness, heights class,diameters class, circumferences class but does not certify a significant difference of importancevalue index among in the villages. The undergrowth of Khaya senegalensis stands is more diverseat Bamé with a Shannon diversity index (ISH=5.87 ± 0.12 bit). The greatest of Pielou equitabilityis observed at Bamé (EQ=0.80 ± 0.01). The largest of Simpson index is recorded at Bamé(D=0.098 ± 0.001). Khaya senegalensis Stands are denser at Bamé (194 ± 3.12 individuals/ha).The basal area and biovolume of Khaya senegalensis stands are very high at Bamé (BA=25.87 ±0.06 m2/ha and Biovolume =15.32 ± 0.012 m3/ha). The species importance value is maximal in allthe studied villages (SIV=300 ± 71.45). The importance value index of species revealed a cleardominance in the undergrowth of Khaya senegalensis stands are Combretum adenogonium;Acacia senegal; Terminalia laxiflora; Guiera senegalensis; Acacia nilotica; Entada Africana.The vertical structure has three aspects, like the L (Dbh), asymmetric (height) and dissymmetrical(circumference) structures attesting to a strong regeneration of the understory ligneous woods ofKhaya senegalensis stands studied.

scholarly journals Insect Diversity of the Muni-Pomadze Ramsar Site: An Important Site for Biodiversity Conservation in Ghana

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosina Kyerematen ◽  
Daniel Acquah-Lamptey ◽  
Erasmus Henaku Owusu ◽  
Roger Sigismund Anderson ◽  
Yaa Ntiamoa-Baidu
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Ramsar Site ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Good Shape ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Conservation Concern

An inventory of species diversity of insects of the Muni-Pomadze Ramsar site, with special reference to species of conservation concern, was carried out as part of an evaluation of changes in the ecological character of the site, twenty years after designation. Samples were taken from two protected areas within the Ramsar site, in the wet (July), dry (January), and intermediate (June) seasons. Community diversity was characterized in terms of number of species accumulated, species richness, Shannon-Weiner indices of diversity, Pielou’s evenness, and Bray-Curtis similarity. A total of 134 families from 19 insect orders were recorded during the entire study period. Yenku Block A recorded the highest species richness (98) and the highest diversity index (14.97), corroborated by the highest Margalef index of 3.82 with a relatively even distribution of species (0.834) during the intermediate season, and recorded the lowest diversity (6.957) and species richness (41) during the dry season. On the whole, the Muni-Pomadzi Ramsar site showed a high diversity of insect species. The presence of species such as Junonia oenone and Papilio demodocus which are specialized in degraded habitats at Yenku Block A in large numbers is a clear indication of degradation of the forest, but the presence of forest species such as Salamis anacardii and Euphaedra crokeri is an indication that some parts of this reserve are still in good shape. A comparison of the butterfly species recorded with findings in a 1997 survey showed a marked increase in numbers from 75 to 130; this may be attributed to the habitat changes that have taken place at the site offering more diverse habitat types.

scholarly journals Avifaunal Diversity of Institute of Forestry Complex, Hetauda Metropolis, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 83-101
Author(s):  
Santish Bajagain ◽  
Santosh Pokhrel ◽  
Shishila Baniya ◽  
Aavas Pradhan ◽  
Surakchya Paudel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Red List ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Bird Habitat

Avifaunal diversity is the measure of species diversity via species richness and evenness. To this aim, avifaunal survey was conducted in the Institute of Forestry Complex, Hetauda from November 2017 to June 2018. Using line transect and point count methods, 132 species of birds were recorded, representing 15 orders and 44 families. Three species of these birds are in IUCN Red List while 90, 27 and 15 species are residential, visitor and migrant respectively. Higher Shannon diversity index (4.47) and Margalef index (18.78) indicate marked diversity and richness of bird species. A high value calculated for the Simpson index (0.98) represents higher evenness within the species individuals. Although, Pielou’s evenness index (0.92) shows uniformity in the species distribution, Shannon index seems to be influenced by diversity index, species richness and evenness values. The avifaunal diversity in the study area shows the importance of the Institute of Forestry Complex as a suitable bird habitat.

scholarly journals Different responses of plant species to deferment of sheep grazing in a desert steppe of Inner Mongolia, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Xiangyang Hou ◽  
Michael P. Schellenberg ◽  
Yan Qin ◽  
Xiangjun Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
C4 Plants ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
Desert Steppe ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Steppe Vegetation

This paper reports the effects of different deferments of sheep grazing on plant variables of desert steppe vegetation in Inner Mongolia during 2010–2012. The study was initiated in May 2010 and comprised five treatments: no grazing (UG), grazing throughout the growing season (G) and grazing deferment for 40, 50 and 60 days (40UG, 50UG and 60UG) from the start of the growing season in a completely randomised block design replicated three times. The plant species were classified into two functional groups (C3 and C4 species) and the relationships among species composition, biomass and annual precipitation were examined in different deferments of sheep grazing. Treatment G significantly decreased the biomass of several species compared with some of the deferred treatments and treatment UG, because of differences in grazing preferences, and, consequently, decreased the aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP). Grazing deferment for 40, 50 and 60 days significantly increased C3-species richness and biomass compared with treatment UG, whereas grazing sheep’s preferences for C4 plants at some growth stages compared with C3 plants, resulted in lower species richness and biomass of C4 plants in treatments G, 40UG and 50UG in a dry year. Similarly, different species responses to treatment 60UG resulted in an increase in ANPP in a year with more precipitation during the growing season. The annual precipitation patterns strongly affected the temporal changes in biomass as well as the responses to grazing, indicating that the plant responses in the desert steppe were co-limited by grazing and precipitation. These findings provide important insights into the management and conservation of desert steppe vegetation in Inner Mongolia.

Linking fish and crustacean taxonomic composition with seasonal contrasts in the soft-bottom intertidal zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Gondal ◽  
S. Iqbal ◽  
U. Atique ◽  
N. U. Saher ◽  
N. A. Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Fish Species Composition ◽  
One Year ◽  
Sw Monsoon

Abstract The primary objective of this study was to investigate the seasonal fish and crustacean variations concerning taxonomic composition, species richness, and diversity in sandy beach habitat. For this purpose, we investigated the Sonmiani Hor lagoon area during four distinct seasons, i.e., northeast (NE) monsoon, pre-monsoon, south-west (SW) monsoon, and post-monsoon for one year. During each haul, the net was pulled about 100m along the beach in 0.5m depth. The results showed a strong linear correlation between the diversity index and equitability in fishes (r = 0.978). The diversity index was strong negatively correlated with the abundance and biomass (r = -0.978, -0.972, respectively). The physical attributes like sea surface water temperature and salinity showed a strong negative effect on species assemblages (r = -0.981 and -0.943, respectively). The mean air and water temperature illustrated approximately 3°C difference during NE and pre-monsoon seasons. However, salinity, pH, and electrical conductivity did not show any significant seasonal variabilities. Under the ecological indices, the fish species displayed higher diversity (H’ = 3.19) during SW monsoon, whereas the lowest diversity was observed during pre-monsoon (H’ = 1.58). The equitability and species richness, however, remained more noticeable during SW monsoon (J’ = 0.81). The total number of individuals of fish and crustaceans reached 4799 with 3813 fish individuals and 986 individuals of crustaceans. A total of 27 families of fish while five crustacean families comprising of 30 genera and 38 fish species while ten genera and 17 species of crustaceans were recorded. Liza subviridis displayed the highest abundance among the sampled fish species. In conclusion, fish species constituted a significant part of the coastal fauna in the study area. The seasonal variations displayed distinct variations in fish species composition and diversity.

Assemblage Patterns of Hymenoptera at Different Elevations of Gunung Datuk, Rembau

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Nasuha Abd Aziz ◽  
Siti Khairiyah Mohd Hatta ◽  
Idris Abd Ghani ◽  
Saiyid Jalaluddin Saiyid Shaifuddin
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Index Site ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Richness Index ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Malaise Traps

A study on abundance and diversity of Hymenoptera was conducted in Gunung Datuk, Rembau. Samplings were conducted from November 2014 to February 2015 using six Malaise traps. Three traps were placed at Site 1 at 700m height for high elevation and the remaining traps were placed at Site 2 at 200m height for low elevation. A total number of 221 Hymenopteran were collected which consist of nine families namely Ichneumonidae, Formicidae, Braconidae, Bethylidae, Evaniidae, Tiphiidae, Vespidae, Pompilidae and Apidae. In this study, 93 individuals were obtained from Site 1, comprising nine families and 43 morphospecies while 127 individuals were obtained from Site 2 with nine families and 45 morphospecies. Formicidae was the most dominant family collected from both sites with a total of 104 individuals while the least family recorded was Apidae with only one individual. Shannon’s Weiner Diversity Index (H’) showed Site 1 had the higher diversity value with H’ = 3.17 compared to Site 2 with value H’ = 3.12. For Evenness Index, Site 1 had higher value compared to Site 2 with E’ = 0.84 and E’ = 0.82 respectively. Moreover, for Margalef Richness Index, Site 1 recorded R’ = 9.24 while site two recorded R’ = 9.08 which concluded that Site 1 had higher species richness compared to Site 2. Paired t-test showed that both sites had no significant difference with p>0.05. Overall study showed that the diversity and abundance of Hymenoptera in Gunung Datuk were low since the value of H’ is less than 3.50.

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