scholarly journals Vehicle Collisions Cause Differential Age and Sex-Specific Mortality in Mule Deer

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel D. Olson ◽  
John A. Bissonette ◽  
Patricia C. Cramer ◽  
Kevin D. Bunnell ◽  
Daniel C. Coster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mule Deer ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Relative Vulnerability ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Related Mortality

As roads continue to be built and expanded, it is important that managers understand the effects that vehicle-related mortality can have on the population dynamics of wildlife. Our objective was to examine the frequency of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) vehicle collisions to determine if different demographic groups showed differential susceptibility to mortality when compared with their proportion in the population. We also compared vehicle collision rates of mule deer, elk (Cervus canadensis), and moose (Alces alces) to determine their relative vulnerability to vehicle collisions. We found that 65% of mule deer involved in vehicle collisions were female; of those, 40% were adult does ≥2 yrs. When we compared the proportion of bucks, does, and fawns killed in vehicle collisions to surveys of live deer, we found that bucks were killed at rate of 2.1–3.0 times their proportion in the population. Additionally, when we compared vehicle collision rates for 2010 and 2011, we found that mule deer were 7.4–8.7 times more likely to be involved in collisions than elk and 1.2–2.0 times more likely than moose. However, we were unable to detect a negative correlation (P=0.55) between mule deer abundance and increasing traffic volume.

Relations of Age and Sex to Integumentary Glandular Regions in Rocky Mountain Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus)

1971 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 670 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Quay ◽  
Dietland Müller-Schwarze ◽  
Dietland Muller-Schwarze
Keyword(s):  
Mule Deer ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Age And Sex

Case Exercise: Biomechanics in Rearend Motor Vehicle Collisions

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Charles N. Brooks ◽  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Bodily Injury ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Physical Findings

Abstract Multiple factors determine the likelihood, type, and severity of bodily injury following a motor vehicle collision and, in turn, influence the need for treatment, extent of disability, and likelihood of permanent impairment. Among the most important factors is the change in velocity due to an impact (Δv). Other factors include the individual's strength and elasticity, body position at the time of impact, awareness of the impending impact (ie, opportunity to brace, guard, or contract muscles before an impact), and effects of braking. Because Δv is the area under the acceleration vs time curve, it combines force and duration and is a useful way to quantify impact severity. The article includes a table showing the results of a literature review that concluded, “the consensus of human subject research conducted to date is that a single exposure to a rear-end impact with a Δv of 5 mph or less is unlikely to result in injury” in most healthy, restrained occupants. Because velocity incorporates direction as well as speed, a vehicular occupant is less likely to be injured in a rear impact than when struck from the side. Evaluators must consider multiple factors, including the occupant's pre-existing physical and psychosocial status, the mechanism and magnitude of the collision, and a variety of biomechanical variables. Recommendations based solely on patient history and physical findings (and, perhaps, imaging studies) may be ill-informed.

scholarly journals Analysis of Vehicle Collision on an Assembled Anti-Collision Guardrail

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5152
Author(s):  
Juncheng Yao ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Yujie Hou ◽  
Liang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
New Type ◽  
Main Girder ◽  
Protective Performance

Traffic accidents such as vehicle collisions with bridge guardrails occur frequently. These accidents cause damage to the driver and the vehicle as well as the bridge. A new type of assembled anti-collision guardrail is proposed in this study. LS-DYNA is a nonlinear display dynamic analysis software used to evaluate the safety of a new type of assembled anti-collision guardrail. A specific, numerically analyzed model of vehicle–guardrail collision is established using LS-DYNA. The energy distribution–time curve of the vehicle collision process is obtained. After comparison with measured data from the vehicle collision test, the model of vehicle–guardrail collision is verified as being correct. Based on this, we analyze the process of a vehicle collision on the assembled anti-collision guardrail. The result shows that the assembled anti-collision guardrail proposed in this paper can better change the trajectory of a moving vehicle and can prevent the vehicle from falling off the bridge. From the car body collision results, the assembled anti-collision guardrail for bridges proposed in this paper can reduce vehicle damage and can protect the driver effectively. From the analysis of the main girder stress on the bridge, an anti-collision guardrail installed on an existing bridge will not cause damage to the main girder during a collision. In order to study the influence of the four parameters on the anti-collision effect, we carried out a comparative calculation of multiple working conditions. The results show that the new type of assembled anti-collision guardrail has good protective performance under different working conditions.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C virus infection and risk of liver-related and non-liver-related deaths: a population-based cohort study in Naples, southern Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierluca Piselli ◽  
Diego Serraino ◽  
Mario Fusco ◽  
Enrico Girardi ◽  
Angelo Pirozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection represents a global health issue with severe implications on morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of HCV infection on all-cause, liver-related, and non-liver-related mortality in a population living in an area with a high prevalence of HCV infection before the advent of Direct-Acting Antiviral (DAA) therapies, and to identify factors associated with cause-specific mortality among HCV-infected individuals. Methods We conducted a cohort study on 4492 individuals enrolled between 2003 and 2006 in a population-based seroprevalence survey on viral hepatitis infections in the province of Naples, southern Italy. Study participants provided serum for antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) and HCV RNA testing. Information on vital status to December 2017 and cause of death were retrieved through record-linkage with the mortality database. Hazard ratios (HRs) for cause-specific mortality and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Fine-Grey regression models. Results Out of 626 deceased people, 20 (3.2%) died from non-natural causes, 56 (8.9%) from liver-related conditions, 550 (87.9%) from non-liver-related causes. Anti-HCV positive people were at higher risk of death from all causes (HR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.12–1.70) and liver-related causes (HR = 5.90, 95% CI: 3.00–11.59) than anti-HCV negative ones. Individuals with chronic HCV infection reported an elevated risk of death due to liver-related conditions (HR = 6.61, 95% CI: 3.29–13.27) and to any cause (HR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.18–1.94). The death risk of anti-HCV seropositive people with negative HCV RNA was similar to that of anti-HCV seronegative ones. Among anti-HCV positive people, liver-related mortality was associated with a high FIB-4 index score (HR = 39.96, 95% CI: 4.73–337.54). Conclusions These findings show the detrimental impact of HCV infection on all-cause mortality and, particularly, liver-related mortality. This effect emerged among individuals with chronic infection while those with cleared infection had the same risk of uninfected ones. These results underline the need to identify through screening all people with chronic HCV infection notably in areas with a high prevalence of HCV infection, and promptly provide them with DAAs treatment to achieve progressive HCV elimination and reduce HCV-related mortality.

Tolazoline-Induced Apnea in Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus)

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Alan Mortenson ◽  
Jason Andrew Robison
Keyword(s):  
Mule Deer ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus

Decreased Incidence of Rib Fractures in Pregnant Patients After Motor Vehicle Collisions

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-390
Author(s):  
Marissa Di Napoli ◽  
William B. DeVoe ◽  
Stuart Leon ◽  
Bruce Crookes ◽  
Alicia Privette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chest Wall ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Rib Fractures ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Chest Wall Injury ◽  
Wall Injury

Background Rib fractures are common after motor vehicle collisions. The hormonal changes associated with pregnancy decrease the stiffness and increase the laxity of cartilage and tendons. The effect of these changes on injury mechanics is not completely understood. Objectives To compare the incidences of chest wall injury following blunt thoracic trauma between pregnant and nonpregnant women. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective review of female patients seen at a level I trauma center from 2009 to 2017 after a motor vehicle collision. Patient characteristics were compared to determine if pregnancy affected the incidence of chest wall injury. Statistics were calculated with SPSS version 24 and are presented as mean (SD) or median (interquartile range). Results In total, 1618 patients were identified. The incidence of rib/sternal fracture was significantly lower in pregnant patients (7.9% vs 15.2%, P = .047), but the incidence of intrathoracic injury was similar between the groups. Pregnant and nonpregnant patients with rib/sternal fractures had similar Injury Severity Score results (21 [13-27] vs 17 [11-22], P = .36), but pregnant patients without fractures had significantly lower scores (1 [0-5] vs 4 [1-9], P < .001). Conclusions Pregnant patients have a lower rate of rib fracture after a motor vehicle collision than nonpregnant patients. The difference in injury mechanics may be due to hormonal changes that increase elasticity and resistance to bony injury of the ribs. In pregnant trauma patients, intrathoracic injury without rib fracture should raise concerns about injury severity. A multicenter evaluation of these findings is needed.

Growth and seasonal weight changes as they relate to spring and autumn set points in mule deer

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 744-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyle A. Renecker ◽  
W. M. Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Mule Deer ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Compensatory Gain ◽  
Highly Correlated

Growth rate and potential, 25 hand-reared mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) were examined. When possible, body weights of all animals were recorded weekly. Female deer matured faster than males, but males attained a larger body size. Regressions of winter weight loss of both sexes on peak autumn weight were highly correlated. Similarly, spring and summer compensatory gain in females could be predicted from the minimum spring weight. Annual cycles of intake and weight gain may have adaptations that improve reproductive success and winter survival.

EVALUATION OP STRESS AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM OF HAND-REARED MULE DEER FAWNS (Odocoileus hemionus)

1978 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRUCE D. TRINDLE ◽  
LON D. LEWIS ◽  
LLOYD H. LAUERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Mule Deer ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus
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