Relations of Age and Sex to Integumentary Glandular Regions in Rocky Mountain Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus)

1971 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 670 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Quay ◽  
Dietland Müller-Schwarze ◽  
Dietland Muller-Schwarze
Keyword(s):  
Mule Deer ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Age And Sex

scholarly journals Vehicle Collisions Cause Differential Age and Sex-Specific Mortality in Mule Deer

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel D. Olson ◽  
John A. Bissonette ◽  
Patricia C. Cramer ◽  
Kevin D. Bunnell ◽  
Daniel C. Coster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mule Deer ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Relative Vulnerability ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Related Mortality

As roads continue to be built and expanded, it is important that managers understand the effects that vehicle-related mortality can have on the population dynamics of wildlife. Our objective was to examine the frequency of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) vehicle collisions to determine if different demographic groups showed differential susceptibility to mortality when compared with their proportion in the population. We also compared vehicle collision rates of mule deer, elk (Cervus canadensis), and moose (Alces alces) to determine their relative vulnerability to vehicle collisions. We found that 65% of mule deer involved in vehicle collisions were female; of those, 40% were adult does ≥2 yrs. When we compared the proportion of bucks, does, and fawns killed in vehicle collisions to surveys of live deer, we found that bucks were killed at rate of 2.1–3.0 times their proportion in the population. Additionally, when we compared vehicle collision rates for 2010 and 2011, we found that mule deer were 7.4–8.7 times more likely to be involved in collisions than elk and 1.2–2.0 times more likely than moose. However, we were unable to detect a negative correlation (P=0.55) between mule deer abundance and increasing traffic volume.

scholarly journals Transmission of Elk and Deer Prions to Transgenic Mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (18) ◽  
pp. 9104-9114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gültekin Tamgüney ◽  
Kurt Giles ◽  
Essia Bouzamondo-Bernstein ◽  
Patrick J. Bosque ◽  
Michael W. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prion Disease ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Prion Diseases ◽  
Mule Deer ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Wild Type Mouse ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni ◽  
Free Ranging

ABSTRACT Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal prion disease in deer and elk. Unique among the prion diseases, it is transmitted among captive and free-ranging animals. To facilitate studies of the biology of CWD prions, we generated five lines of transgenic (Tg) mice expressing prion protein (PrP) from Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni), denoted Tg(ElkPrP), and two lines of Tg mice expressing PrP common to white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), denoted Tg(DePrP). None of the Tg(ElkPrP) or Tg(DePrP) mice exhibited spontaneous neurologic dysfunction at more than 600 days of age. Brain samples from CWD-positive elk, white-tailed deer, and mule deer produced disease in Tg(ElkPrP) mice between 180 and 200 days after inoculation and in Tg(DePrP) mice between 300 and 400 days. One of eight cervid brain inocula transmitted disease to Tg(MoPrP)4053 mice overexpressing wild-type mouse PrP-A in ∼540 days. Neuropathologic analysis revealed abundant PrP amyloid plaques in the brains of ill mice. Brain homogenates from symptomatic Tg(ElkPrP) mice produced disease in 120 to 190 days in Tg(ElkPrP) mice. In contrast to the Tg(ElkPrP) and Tg(DePrP) mice, Tg mice overexpressing human, bovine, or ovine PrP did not develop prion disease after inoculation with CWD prions from among nine different isolates after >500 days. These findings suggest that CWD prions from elk, mule deer, and white-tailed deer can be readily transmitted among these three cervid species.

scholarly journals Aggressive Interactions of Rocky Mountain Elk, Cervus elaphus nelsoni, During the Calving Season Toward Mule Deer, Odocoileus hemionus, in Central Colorado

2003 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Stephens ◽  
A. William Alldredge ◽  
Gregory E. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Mule Deer ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni ◽  
Rocky Mountain Elk ◽  
Calving Season

We documented four aggressive interactions between Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus elaphus) and Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) during the Elk calving season of June and July 1995. In one case, we believe a fawn Mule Deer was killed by two cow Elk. In the other three cases, Elk chased Mule Deer away from an area where they were grazing. These incidents are of interest because documentation of such interactions between Elk and Mule Deer is sparse in the scientific literature and because of the concern about declining Mule Deer populations throughout the western United States.

Field Validation and Assessment of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detecting Chronic Wasting Disease in Mule Deer (Odocoileus Hemionus), White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus), and Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni)

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles P. Hibler ◽  
Kathi L. Wilson ◽  
Terry R. Spraker ◽  
Michael W. Miller ◽  
Robert R. Zink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Mule Deer ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Validation Phase ◽  
Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni

Tissue samples ( n = 25,050 total) from 23,256 mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus), Rocky Mountain elk ( Cervus elaphus nelsoni), and white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) collected statewide in Colorado were examined for chronic wasting disease (CWD) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed by Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. (brELISA), in a 2-phase study. In the validation phase of this study, a total of 4,175 retropharyngeal lymph nodes (RLN) or obex (OB) tissue samples were examined independently by brELISA and immunohistochemistry (IHC). There were 137 IHC-positive samples and 4,038 IHC-negative samples. Optical density (OD) values from brELISA were classified as “not detected” or “suspect” based on recommended cutoff values during the validation phase. Using IHC-positive cases as known CWD-infected individuals and assuming IHC-negative cases as uninfected, the relative sensitivity of brELISA depending on species ranged from 98.3% to 100% for RLN samples and 92.1% to 93.3% for OB samples; the relative specificity of brELISA depending on species ranged from 99.9% to 100% for RLN samples and was 100% for OB samples. Overall agreement between brELISA and IHC was ≥97.6% in RLN samples and ≥95.7% in OB samples of all species where values could be calculated; moreover, mean brELISA OD values were ≥46× higher in IHC-positive samples than in IHC-negative samples. Discrepancies were observed only in early-stage cases of CWD. Based on the validation phase data, only RLN samples were collected for the field application phase of this study and only samples with brELISA OD values ≤0.1 were examined by IHC. Among 20,875 RLN samples screened with brELISA during this second testing phase, 155 of 8,877 mule deer, 33 of 11,731 elk, and 9 of 267 white-tailed deer samples (197 total) had OD values ≤0.1 and were further evaluated by IHC to confirm evidence of CWD infection. Of cases flagged for IHC follow-up, 143 of 155 mule deer, 29 of 33 elk, and all 9 white-tailed deer were confirmed positive. Mean (±SE) OD values for IHC-positive cases detected during the field application phase were comparable with those measured in RLN tissues during the validation phase. Based on these data, brELISA was determined to be an excellent rapid test for screening large numbers of samples in surveys designed to detect CWD infections in deer and elk populations.

Tolazoline-Induced Apnea in Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus)

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Alan Mortenson ◽  
Jason Andrew Robison
Keyword(s):  
Mule Deer ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus
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