scholarly journals Application of Nanometal Oxides In Situ in Nonwoven Polyester Fabric for the Removal of Bacterial Indicators of Pollution from Wastewater

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohair I. Abou-Elela ◽  
Hanan S. Ibrahim ◽  
Mohamed M. Kamel ◽  
Mohamed Gouda
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Nonwoven Fabric ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Polyester Fabric ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Average Particle

The objective of this study is to investigate and assess the use of in situ deposit nanosilver (nAg2O) or nanocopper oxides (nCuO) into nonwoven polyester fabric (NWPF) as a safe and effective antibacterial filter of pollution from domestic wastewater. The bactericidal effect of both nAg2O and nCuO was examined against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli,Salmonella typhi) and Gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis,Staphylococcus aureus) using agar diffusion disk method. In addition, the capability of nAg2O and nCuO as disinfectants for secondary treated domestic wastewater was investigated as a case study. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) confirmed the formation of nAg2O and nCuO particles with average particle sizes of 15 and 41 nm, respectively. Disk diffusion results showed that nAg2O had a higher bactericidal effect than nCuO. Moreover, the disinfection of secondary treated wastewater using 1.27 mg/cm3of nAg2O in the nonwoven fabric was capable of hindering 99.6% and 91.7% of total and fecal coliforms within 10 minutes with a residual value of 18 and 15 MPN-index/100 mL, respectively. The residual total and fecal coliform concentrations were far less than that stated in the national and international limits for wastewater reuse in agriculture purpose.

scholarly journals In-Situ Deposition of Metal Oxides Nanoparticles in Cellulose Derivative and Its Utilization for Wastewater Disinfection

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1834
Author(s):  
Mohamed Gouda ◽  
Wedad Al-Bokheet ◽  
Mohamed Al-Omair
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
In Situ Deposition

The target of this work is to investigate and assess the utilization of the synthesized in-situ deposition of metal oxide nanoparticles such as nano-nickel oxide (nNiO), nanocopper oxides (nCuO) and nanoiron oxides (nFe3O4) in aminated cellulose (Acell), as a protected and compelling antibacterial channel of contamination from domestic wastewater. The prepared Acell and nNiO/Acell, nCuO/Acell and nFe3O4/Acell nanocomposites were characterized by field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area diffraction pattern (SAED) and X-ray diffraction techniques (XRD). TEM declared the synthesis of nNiO, nCuO and nFe3O4 with regular size of 10, 23 and 43 nm, correspondingly. The antibacterial impact of both nNiO/Acell, nCuO/Acell and nFe3O4/Acell nanocomposites was inspected against Gram-positive microorganisms (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative microbes (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi) utilizing agar disk diffusion routes. Furthermore, the ability of the synthesized nanocomposites as sterilizers for optional domestic wastewater was studied. The data for the disk diffusion obtained revealed that nFe3O4/Acell had a greater antibacterial impact than nCuO/Acell and nNiO/Acell. In addition, the purification of domestic wastewater utilizing 1.0 mg of nFe3O4, nCuO and nNiO in 1 gm of Acell was accomplished by killing 99.6%, 94.5% and 92.0% of total and fecal coliforms inside 10 mins, respectively.

The reuse of treated wastewater for agricultural purposes in Nicaragua; Central America

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Platzer ◽  
V. Cáceres ◽  
N. Fong
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

The first subsurface flow wetland (SSFW) system for about 1,000 PE, was constructed in Nicaragua in 1996 to apply this technology in the form of an integral project, combining the treatment of domestic wastewater with its reuse for crop production in small and medium size communities. The SSFW-effluent meets all standards established in the national regulations for wastewater reuse in agriculture, except for faecal coliforms, existent at an average concentration of 7 × 104 MPN/100 ml. A conventional surface irrigation method was used to irrigate different crop species selected to establish their risk of contamination. To judge the potential health risk for consumers and farmers, samples of vegetables and fruits harvested in the dry seasons of the years 1997 to 2002, were analyzed for the presence of pathogenic microorganisms like faecal coliforms, salmonella and shigella. In addition, a yield comparison between crops irrigated with well water using chemical fertilizers, and crops irrigated with the effluent of the SSFW-system was made, to analyze the economical benefits of the wastewater reuse.

Wastewater reclamation using discarded reverse osmosis membranes for reuse in irrigation in Djibouti, an arid country

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1362-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Osman Awaleh ◽  
Moussa Mahdi Ahmed ◽  
Youssouf Djibril Soubaneh ◽  
Farhan Bouraleh Hoch ◽  
Samatar Mohamed Bouh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Mineralized Water ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The purpose of this paper is to establish the feasibility of recovering discarded reverse osmosis (RO) membranes in order to reduce the salinity of domestic treated wastewater. This study shows that the reuse of RO membranes is of particular interest for arid countries having naturally high mineralized water such as Djibouti. The pilot desalination unit reduces the electrical conductivity, the turbidity and the total dissolved salt respectively at 75–85, 96.7 and 95.4%. The water produced with this desalination unit contains an average of 254 cfu/100 mL total coliforms and 87 cfu/100 mL fecal coliforms. This effluent meets the World Health Organization standards for treated wastewater reuse for agricultural purposes. The annual cost of the desalination unit was evaluated as US $/m3 0.82, indicating the relatively high cost of this process. Nevertheless, such processes are required to produce an effluent, with a high reuse potential.

scholarly journals MULTI-CRITERIA ASSESSMENT MODEL TO IDENTIFY SUITABLE AREAS FOR TREATED WASTEWATER REUSE IN AGRICULTURE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Laura Gatto D'Andrea ◽  
Martín Alejandro Iribarnegaray ◽  
Walter Alfredo Tejerina ◽  
Ariela Griselda Judith Salas Barboza ◽  
Juan José Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Suitability Analysis ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Local Actors

A model of land suitability analysis for irrigation with treated domestic wastewater is presented. The model integrates tools of Multi-Criteria Evaluation with Geographical Information Systems. Several criteria were selected to adapt the model to the conditions and characteristics of the case study. The adaptation process included field visits, a bibliographical review, and personal interviews with local actors and experts. Six constraints and 10 factors were selected and 3158 hectares suitable for the activity were identified. The areas were classified into three categories of aptitude, representing high fitness sites close to the current wastewater treatment plant. The developed tool allowed us to integrate different criteria to assess site suitability for wastewater reuse, with the advantage that the tool can be adapted to other regions and/or objectives.

scholarly journals Monitoring Opportunistic Pathogens in Domestic Wastewater from a Pilot-Scale Anaerobic Biofilm Reactor to Reuse in Agricultural Irrigation

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingjian Cui ◽  
Shengxian Liang
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Wastewater Irrigation ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Agricultural Irrigation ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Treated Effluent

Wastewater reuse for agricultural irrigation in many developing countries is an increasingly common practice. Regular monitoring of indicators can help to identify potential health risks; therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the presence and abundance of opportunistic pathogens in wastewater, as well as plant phyllosphere and rhizosphere. In this study, an anaerobic biofilm reactor (ABR) was developed to treat rural domestic wastewater; the performance of pollutants removal and pathogenic bacteria elimination were investigated. Additionally, we also assessed the physicochemical and microbiological profiles of soil and lettuces after wastewater irrigation. Aeromonas hydrophila, Arcobacter sp., Bacillus cereus, Bacteroides sp., Escherichia coli, Legionella sp., and Mycobacterium sp. were monitored in the irrigation water, as well as in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of lettuces. Pathogens like B. cereus, Legionella sp. and Mycobacterium sp. were present in treated effluent with relatively high concentrations, and the levels of A. hydrophila, Arcobacter sp., and E. coli were higher in the phyllosphere. The physicochemical properties of soil and lettuce did not vary significantly. These data indicated that treated wastewater irrigation across a short time period may not alter the soil and crop properties, while the pathogens present in the wastewater may transfer to soil and plant, posing risks to human health.

scholarly journals Optimization of Secondary Wastewater Reuse to Minimize Environmental Risks

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Oron ◽  
Raphi Mandelbaum ◽  
Carlos E. Enriquez ◽  
Robert Armon ◽  
Yoseph Manor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Agricultural Irrigation ◽  
Subsurface Drip

The main purpose of the research was to examine approaches and to evaluate methods for minimizing the risks during applying treated domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation. This general purpose consisted of examining under field conditions the possibilities when implementing different application technologies for minimizing health and environmental risks. It was assumed that Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI) will provide adequate conditions for safe effluent reuse. Controlled field experiments where conducted in commercial fields to evaluate the alternatives. Main efforts where conducted in Israel in the grape vineyard in Arad heights, in the field crops in Kibbutz Chafets Chaim and in Arizona in fields adjacent to the University campus. The complementary part was to examine the behavior of the various pathogens in the effluent-soil-plant system. The analysis is based on controlled experiments, primarily in greenhouse along with field experiments. Molecular biology methods were used to identify the behavior of the pathogens in the components of the system. The project included as well examining the effluent quality in various sites, primarily those in which treated wastewater is reused for agricultural irrigation. The monitoring included conventional parameters however, also parasites such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium. The results obtained indicate the prominent advantages of using Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI) method for minimizing health and environmental risks during application of secondary effluent. A theoretical model for assessing the risks while applying treated wastewater was completed as well. The management model shows the risks during various scenarios of wastewater quality, application technology and related human exposure.

Comparison of advanced disinfecting methods for municipal wastewater reuse in agriculture

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Liberti ◽  
A. Lopez ◽  
M. Notarnicola ◽  
N. Barnea ◽  
R. Pedahzur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Virucidal Effect

The experimental investigation carried out jointly by Italian and Israeli teams within a 3-year research project funded by the European Commission on alternative disinfection methods for reusing municipal wastewater in agriculture is described. Disinfection effectiveness of UV rays, ozone (O3) and peracetic acid (PAA) at pilot scale and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plus silver (Ag+) or copper (Cu+2) at laboratory scale was compared for tertiary municipal effluents. Pilot plant results indicated that the well known California limit (2 CFU/100ml of Total Coliforms) was effectively met with reasonable UV doses of 100–160 mWs/cm2 or with exceedingly high PAA dosage (400 PPM); the related WHO microbial guideline (1,000 CFU/100 ml of Fecal Coliforms) was easily met with all three disinfectants (UV, PAA, O3); maximum log-inactivation values were ≥5 for UV and PAA and ≤4 for O3. Laboratory results with tertiary effluents demonstrated that Ag+ was able to inactivate target bacteria (E. coli-B, E. coli-K12), while H2O2 was more effective than Ag+ against MS-2 phages. Copper (250 μg/l) had no bactericidal effect but possessed an appreciable virucidal effect. When hydrogen peroxide and copper were combined, a pronounced increase in both bactericidal and virucidal effects was obtained.

scholarly journals Disinfection of an advanced primary effluent using peracetic acid or ultraviolet radiation for its reuse in public services

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flores R. Julio ◽  
Terres-Peña Hilario ◽  
Vaca M. Mabel ◽  
López C. Raymundo ◽  
Lizardi-Ramos Arturo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Treated Wastewater Reuse

The disinfection of a continuous flow of an effluent from an advanced primary treatment (coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation) with or without posterior filtration, using either peracetic acid (PAA) or ultraviolet (UV) radiation was studied. We aimed to obtain bacteriological quality to comply with the microbiological standard established in the Mexican regulations for treated wastewater reuse (NOM-003-SEMARNAT-1997), i.e., less than 240 MPN (most probable number) FC/100 mL. The concentrations of PAA were 10, 15, and 20 mg/L, with contact times of 10, and 15 min. Fecal coliforms (FC) inactivation ranged from 0.93 up to 6.4 log units, and in all cases it reached the limits set by the mentioned regulation. Water quality influenced the PAA disinfection effectiveness. An efficiency of 91% was achieved for the unfiltered effluent, as compared to 99% when wastewater was filtered. UV radiation was applied to wastewater flows of 21, 30 and 39 L/min, with dosages from 1 to 6 mJ/cm2. This treatment did not achieve the bacteriological quality required for treated wastewater reuse, since the best inactivation of FC was 1.62 log units, for a flow of 21 L/min of filtered wastewater and a UV dosage of 5.6 mJ/cm2.

scholarly journals Impact of treated wastewater on groundwater quality in the region of Tiznit (Morocco)

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mounir El Heloui ◽  
Rachida Mimouni ◽  
Fatima Hamadi
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Shallow Wells ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
The Impact

The Tiznit region has an arid to semi-arid climate. Rainfall is scarce and the reuse of wastewater for crop irrigation is common, and consequently groundwater can be contaminated by chemical and biological pollutants. A wastewater treatment plant is constructed with the aim of producing water suitable for reuse in agriculture and reducing groundwater pollution. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of factors that may influence groundwater quality, namely wastewater reuse and fertilizer use in the region. Groundwater was collected monthly over 1 year from five shallow wells (P1–P5) and analysed for a range of physicochemical and microbiological parameters. Concentrations frequently exceeded the WHO standards for potable water. The average concentration of nitrate was 98 mg/L. Conductivity varied from 1,930 to 2,500 μS/cm over four of the wells but was 11,703 in P3, which was close to the treatment plant. Bacteriological contamination was also found, with total coliforms varying from 0 at P1 to 9,000 cfu/100 mL at P4 and fecal coliforms (FC) 0 in P1, P2, P3 and P5 but up to 250 FC/100 mL at P4. Fecal streptococci (FS) varied from 0 to 3,500 FS/100 mL at P4. These values widely exceeded the limit for bacteria in water (0 units/100 mL).

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