scholarly journals Force Magnitude Reconstruction Using the Force Transmissibility Concept

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. E. Lage ◽  
N. M. M. Maia ◽  
M. M. Neves
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Direct And Inverse Problems ◽  
Force Magnitude ◽  
Mdof Systems ◽  
Applied Forces ◽  
Force Transmissibility ◽  
The Common ◽  
Hybrid Methodology

This paper proposes the reconstruction of forces, based on the direct and inverse problems of transmissibility in multiple degree of freedom (MDOF) systems. The objective and novelty are to use the force transmissibility to calculate reactions given the applied loads (and vice versa). This method, relating two sets of forces, proves to be an alternative to the common inverse problem based on the measurement of FRFs and operational accelerations to determine operational forces, as it can be advantageous in some cases. This implies thea prioriknowledge of the transmissibility of the structure, either experimentally or numerically. In this study a finite element model is built, describing with enough accuracy the dynamic behavior of the structure. The numerical model will play a key role in the construction of the transmissibility matrix; this will be used to evaluate either the reaction or the applied forces, using experimental data. This constitutes a hybrid methodology, which is validated experimentally. The authors present several comparisons between reconstructed and experimentally measured sets of forces. It is shown that the proposed method is able to produce good results in the reconstruction of the forces, underlining its potential for other structures and possible applications.

ARTICULATORY FEATURES OF THE /I/-TYPE VOWELS IN THE ALTAI-KIZHI DIALECT (MRI DATA)

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
ALBINA A. DOBRININA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Articulatory Features ◽  
The Common ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Rural Locality

The paper considers some articulatory features of allophones of the vowel /i/ in the Altai-Kizhi dialect (spoken in the locality Ust-Kan, Altai) of the Altai language visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The Altai-Kizhi is the central basic dialect of the Altai literary language. In Altai, each rural locality represents a unique dialect, whose relevance of studying was emphasized by V. V. Radlov. Speech sounds of the /i/-type in the dialects of the Altai language are realized mainly as front variants with different degrees of openness. In the written Altai speech, the symbol “и” is used to denote narrow front non-labialized vowel; some variants of the Altai vowel /i/ are central-back differing in this from the Russian vowel /i/. Experimental data on the territorial dialects of the Altai-Kizhi dialect, obtained from its 6 native speakers (d1-d6) taking into account variable inherent palate height, shows both the common articulation bases of native speakers (clearly-expressed frontness) and their differences (variable openness).

The Logicism of Frege, Dedekind, and Russell

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Demopoulos ◽  
Peter Clark
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
The Core ◽  
Common Thread ◽  
Synthetic A Priori ◽  
The Common

This article is organized around logicism's answers to the following questions: What is the basis for our knowledge of the infinity of the numbers? How is arithmetic applicable to reality? Why is reasoning by induction justified? Although there are, as is seen in this article, important differences, the common thread that runs through all three of the authors discussed in this article their opposition to the Kantian thesis that reflection on reasoning with mere concepts (i.e., without attention to intuitions formed a priori) can never succeed in providing satisfactory answers to these three questions. This description of the core of the view differs from more usual formulations which represent the opposition to Kant as an opposition to the contention that mathematics in general, and arithmetic in particular, are synthetic a priori rather than analytic.

scholarly journals Fatigue Modeling and Numerical Analysis of Re-Filling Probe Hole of Friction Stir Spot Welded Joints in Aluminum Alloys

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2171
Author(s):  
Armin Yousefi ◽  
Ahmad Serjouei ◽  
Reza Hedayati ◽  
Mahdi Bodaghi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Plastic Strain Amplitude ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Probe Hole ◽  
Good Agreement

In the present study, the fatigue behavior and tensile strength of A6061-T4 aluminum alloy, joined by friction stir spot welding (FSSW), are numerically investigated. The 3D finite element model (FEM) is used to analyze the FSSW joint by means of Abaqus software. The tensile strength is determined for FSSW joints with both a probe hole and a refilled probe hole. In order to calculate the fatigue life of FSSW joints, the hysteresis loop is first determined, and then the plastic strain amplitude is calculated. Finally, by using the Coffin-Manson equation, fatigue life is predicted. The results were verified against available experimental data from other literature, and a good agreement was observed between the FEM results and experimental data. The results showed that the joint’s tensile strength without a probe hole (refilled hole) is higher than the joint with a probe hole. Therefore, re-filling the probe hole is an effective method for structures jointed by FSSW subjected to a static load. The fatigue strength of the joint with a re-filled probe hole was nearly the same as the structure with a probe hole at low applied loads. Additionally, at a high applied load, the fatigue strength of joints with a refilled probe hole was slightly lower than the joint with a probe hole.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Thickness Differential on the Formability of Aluminum Tailor Welded Blanks

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 875
Author(s):  
Jie Wu ◽  
Yuri Hovanski ◽  
Michael Miles
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Plastic Strain ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Equivalent Plastic Strain ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Dome Height ◽  
Tailor Welded Blanks ◽  
Simulation Results

A finite element model is proposed to investigate the effect of thickness differential on Limiting Dome Height (LDH) testing of aluminum tailor-welded blanks. The numerical model is validated via comparison of the equivalent plastic strain and displacement distribution between the simulation results and the experimental data. The normalized equivalent plastic strain and normalized LDH values are proposed as a means of quantifying the influence of thickness differential for a variety of different ratios. Increasing thickness differential was found to decrease the normalized equivalent plastic strain and normalized LDH values, this providing an evaluation of blank formability.

scholarly journals Linguistic validation of the simplified Chinese version of the US National Cancer Institute’s patient-reported outcomes version of the common terminology criteria for adverse events (PRO-CTCAE™)

BMC Cancer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng KKF ◽  
S. A. Mitchell ◽  
N. Chan ◽  
E. Ang ◽  
W. Tam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Cognitive Interviews ◽  
Simplified Chinese ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Common ◽  
Response Choices

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to translate and linguistically validate the U.S. National Cancer Institute’s Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE™) into Simplified Chinese for use in Singapore. Methods All 124 items of the English source PRO-CTCAE item library were translated into Simplified Chinese using internationally established translation procedures. Two rounds of cognitive interviews were conducted with 96 cancer patients undergoing adjuvant treatment to determine if the translations adequately captured the PRO-CTCAE source concepts, and to evaluate comprehension, clarity and ease of judgement. Interview probes addressed the 78 PRO-CTCAE symptom terms (e.g. fatigue), as well as the attributes (e.g. severity), response choices, and phrasing of ‘at its worst’. Items that met the a priori threshold of ≥20% of participants with comprehension difficulties were considered for rephrasing and retesting. Items where < 20% of the sample experienced comprehension difficulties were also considered for rephrasing if better phrasing options were available. Results A majority of PRO-CTCAE-Simplified Chinese items were well comprehended by participants in Round 1. One item posed difficulties in ≥20% and was revised. Two items presented difficulties in < 20% but were revised as there were preferred alternative phrasings. Twenty-four items presented difficulties in < 10% of respondents. Of these, eleven items were revised to an alternative preferred phrasing, four items were revised to include synonyms. Revised items were tested in Round 2 and demonstrated satisfactory comprehension. Conclusions PRO-CTCAE-Simplified Chinese has been successfully developed and linguistically validated in a sample of cancer patients residing in Singapore.

scholarly journals Avoiding or restricting defectors in public goods games?

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (103) ◽  
pp. 20141203 ◽  
Author(s):  
The Anh Han ◽  
Luís Moniz Pereira ◽  
Tom Lenaerts
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Full Agreement ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Public Goods Games ◽  
The Common ◽  
Strategic Solution

When creating a public good, strategies or mechanisms are required to handle defectors. We first show mathematically and numerically that prior agreements with posterior compensations provide a strategic solution that leads to substantial levels of cooperation in the context of public goods games, results that are corroborated by available experimental data. Notwithstanding this success, one cannot, as with other approaches, fully exclude the presence of defectors, raising the question of how they can be dealt with to avoid the demise of the common good. We show that both avoiding creation of the common good, whenever full agreement is not reached, and limiting the benefit that disagreeing defectors can acquire, using costly restriction mechanisms, are relevant choices. Nonetheless, restriction mechanisms are found the more favourable, especially in larger group interactions. Given decreasing restriction costs, introducing restraining measures to cope with public goods free-riding issues is the ultimate advantageous solution for all participants, rather than avoiding its creation.

Free Vibration Analysis for Tapered Cross-Section Steel-Concrete Composite Material Beam

2017 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
pp. 380-383
Author(s):  
Jun Xia ◽  
Z. Shen ◽  
Kun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Vibration Analysis ◽  
Free Vibration Analysis ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Shear Connection ◽  
The Common ◽  
Interlayer Slip

The tapered cross-section beams made of steel-concrete composite material are widely used in engineering constructions and their dynamic behavior is strongly influenced by the type of shear connection jointing the two different materials. The 1D high order finite element model for tapered cross-section steel-concrete composite material beam with interlayer slip was established in this paper. The Numerical results for vibration nature frequencies of the composite beams with two typical boundary conditions were compared with ANSYS using 2D plane stress element. The 1D element is more efficient and economical for the common tapered cross-section steel-concrete composite material beams in engineering.

Risk-Controlled Wellbore Stability Criterion Based on Machine Learning Assisted Finite Element Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain AlBahrani ◽  
Nobuo Morita
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Stability Criterion ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Rock Failure ◽  
Wellbore Stability ◽  
Wellbore Instability ◽  
Conventional Methods

Abstract In many drilling scenarios that include deep wells and highly stressed environments, the mud weight required to completely prevent wellbore instability can be impractically high. In such cases, what is known as risk-controlled wellbore stability criterion is introduced. This criterion allows for a certain level of wellbore instability to take place. This means that the mud weight calculated using this criterion will only constrain wellbore instability to a certain manageable level, hence the name risk-controlled. Conventionally, the allowable level of wellbore instability in this type of models has always been based on the magnitude of the breakout angle. However, wellbore enlargements, as seen in calipers and image logs, can be highly irregular in terms of its distribution around the wellbore. This irregularity means that risk-controlling the wellbore instability through the breakout angle might not be always sufficient. Instead, the total volume of cavings is introduced as the risk control parameter for wellbore instability. Unlike the breakout angle, the total volume of cavings can be coupled with a suitable hydraulics model to determine the threshold of manageable instability. The expected total volume of cavings is determined using a machine learning (ML) assisted 3D elasto-plastic finite element model (FEM). The FEM works to model the interval of interest, which eventually provides a description of the stress distribution around the wellbore. The ML algorithm works to learn the patterns and limits of rock failure in a supervised training manner based on the wellbore enlargement seen in calipers and image logs from nearby offset wells. Combing the FEM output with the ML algorithm leads to an accurate prediction of shear failure zones. The model is able to predict both the radial and circumferential distribution of enlargements at any mud weight and stress regime, which leads to a determination of the expected total volume of cavings. The model implementation is first validated through experimental data. The experimental data is based on true-triaxial tests of bored core samples. Next, a full dataset from offset wells is used to populate and train the model. The trained model is then used to produce estimations of risk-controlled stability mud weights for different drilling scenarios. The model results are compared against those produced by conventional methods. Finally, both the FEM-ML model and the conventional methods results are compared against the drilling experience of the offset wells. This methodology provides a more comprehensive and new solution to risk controlling wellbore instability. It relies on a novel process which learns rock failure from calipers and image logs.

Biodynamics of Human Thorax With Body Armors Subject to Bullet Impact

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. W. Kwon ◽  
J. A. Lobuono
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Body Armor ◽  
Projectile Impact ◽  
Human Thorax ◽  
Trachea And Bronchi ◽  
Armor System ◽  
The Finite Element Model

Abstract The objective of this study is to develop a finite element model of the human thorax with a protective body armor system so that the model can adequately determine the thorax’s biodynamical response from a projectile impact. The finite element model of the human thorax consists of the thoracic skeleton, heart, lungs, major arteries, major veins, trachea, and bronchi. The finite element model of the human thorax is validated by comparing the model’s results to experimental data obtained from cadavers wearing a protective body armor system undergoing a projectile impact.

THE INFLUENCE OF FAIR COMPETITION ON THE MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC UNDERTAKINGS

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
Camille Carbonnaux
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
The Common ◽  
European Competition Law

Since the 1990s, European judicial and normative institutions have paid particular attention to the competitive practices of public undertakings. Consequently, their regime is governed by a significant number of rules pursuing objectives appearing, a priori, contradictory. In fact, public undertakings may experience difficulties in their management. In this context, an approach of public competition law through the prism of fair competition can be very useful. Regarding the uniformity of its judgment, fair competition appears as an objective capable of coordinating rules and overcoming their contradictions. It thereby offers a global and coherent reading plan of all the legal translations of the European competitive order being of some practical importance. In illuminating the common features of the different legal aspects of competition, we can easily switch from one to the other. It therefore makes the European approach to competition more accessible and understandable. Furthermore, and most importantly, it leads to identifying legal opportunities and threats in a cross-disciplinary way. So, from a “Law & Management” perspective, it appears to be a precious tool for the management of public undertakings. Key words: European competition law, public undertakings, fair competition, “Management & law”.

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