scholarly journals Pressure Dynamic Characteristics of Pressure Controlled Ventilation System of a Lung Simulator

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Shi ◽  
Shuai Ren ◽  
Maolin Cai ◽  
Weiqing Xu ◽  
Qiyou Deng
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Lung Simulator ◽  
Pressure Dynamics

Mechanical ventilation is an important life support treatment of critically ill patients, and air pressure dynamics of human lung affect ventilation treatment effects. In this paper, in order to obtain the influences of seven key parameters of mechanical ventilation system on the pressure dynamics of human lung, firstly, mechanical ventilation system was considered as a pure pneumatic system, and then its mathematical model was set up. Furthermore, to verify the mathematical model, a prototype mechanical ventilation system of a lung simulator was proposed for experimental study. Last, simulation and experimental studies on the air flow dynamic of the mechanical ventilation system were done, and then the pressure dynamic characteristics of the mechanical system were obtained. The study can be referred to in the pulmonary diagnostics, treatment, and design of various medical devices or diagnostic systems.

scholarly journals Dynamic Characteristics of Mechanical Ventilation System of Double Lungs with Bi-Level Positive Airway Pressure Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongkai Shen ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Yan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
System A ◽  
Set Up

In recent studies on the dynamic characteristics of ventilation system, it was considered that human had only one lung, and the coupling effect of double lungs on the air flow can not be illustrated, which has been in regard to be vital to life support of patients. In this article, to illustrate coupling effect of double lungs on flow dynamics of mechanical ventilation system, a mathematical model of a mechanical ventilation system, which consists of double lungs and a bi-level positive airway pressure (BIPAP) controlled ventilator, was proposed. To verify the mathematical model, a prototype of BIPAP system with a double-lung simulators and a BIPAP ventilator was set up for experimental study. Lastly, the study on the influences of key parameters of BIPAP system on dynamic characteristics was carried out. The study can be referred to in the development of research on BIPAP ventilation treatment and real respiratory diagnostics.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of a Mechanical Ventilation System Based on Cams

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Calderón ◽  
Carlos Rincón ◽  
Bray Agreda ◽  
Juan José Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
External Solution ◽  
Rotation Frequency ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Compression Mechanism ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
Over Time

A mechanical ventilation system is a big support for breathing complications, in which an external solution is quite necessary to keep oxygen compensation in the patients. Its knowledge is well widespread and different equipment has been developed. However, they are very expensive and their quantity in medical centers is not sufficient, especially in Peru. Hence, it has been required to develop new methods to provide oxygen by a low cost equipment; Protofy, a research group from Spain, designed one of the first low cost mechanical ventilation systems which was medically validated by its government. In this sense, a redesign of the mechanical ventilation system was carried out according to the local requirements and available technology, a different airbag resuscitator with different properties and geometry, but maintaining its working concept based on a cam compression mechanism. Sensors and a display were added to improve the performance with a control algorithm for the rotation frequency and to show the ventilation curves over time to the medical staff. It was necessary to develop a mathematical model to relate the behavior between ventilation curves for a patient and physical variables of the design, especially in the epidemic COVID 19, that many countries are dealing with at the time research is being conducted. The mechanical ventilation system was redesigned, fabricated, and tested measuring its ventilation curves over time. Results indicate that this redesign provides a sturdy equipment able to work during a longer lifetime than the original. The replicability of the ventilation curves behavior is assured, while the mechanism dimensions are adapted for a particular airbag resuscitator. The mathematical model of the whole system can predict satisfactorily the ventilation curves over time and was used to provide the air pressure, volume, and flow as a function of the rotation angle measured by sensors.

scholarly journals Dynamic Characteristics of a Mechanical Ventilation System With Spontaneous Breathing

IEEE Access ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 172847-172859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Hao ◽  
Yan Shi ◽  
Maolin Cai ◽  
Shuai Ren ◽  
Yixuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Spontaneous Breathing ◽  
Ventilation System

A RESPIRATORY MECHANICAL PARAMETERS ESTIMATION TECHNOLOGY BASED ON EXTENDED LEAST SQUARES

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 1650028 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAN SHI ◽  
JINGLONG NIU ◽  
MAOLIN CAI ◽  
WEIQING XU
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Parameters Estimation ◽  
Noise Model ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Mechanical Parameters

Respiratory mechanical parameters of ventilated patients are usually referred in the respiratory diagnosis and treatment. However, the effectiveness of the modern estimation methods is limited. To estimate the overall breathing resistance, overall respiratory compliance, and residual volume simultaneously, a new mathematical model of mechanical ventilation system was proposed. Furthermore, to improve the estimation accuracy, the noise model of mechanical ventilation system was taken into consideration. Based on the mathematical model, a respiratory mechanical parameters estimation method based on extended least squares (ELS) algorithm was derived. Finally, to test the respiratory mechanical parameters estimation method, it was studied experimentally and numerically, and it was approved that the proposed method is effective to estimate the three respiratory mechanical parameters simultaneously and precisely. The estimated values of the parameters can be adopted in the clinical practice. The study provides a new method to estimate respiratory mechanical parameters.

scholarly journals Modelling and Simulation of Volume Controlled Mechanical Ventilation System

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Shi ◽  
Shuai Ren ◽  
Maolin Cai ◽  
Weiqing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Delay System ◽  
Time Delay System ◽  
Typical Time ◽  
Controlled Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Volume Controlled

Volume controlled mechanical ventilation system is a typical time-delay system, which is applied to ventilate patients who cannot breathe adequately on their own. To illustrate the influences of key parameters of the ventilator on the dynamics of the ventilated respiratory system, this paper firstly derived a new mathematical model of the ventilation system; secondly, simulation and experimental results are compared to verify the mathematical model; lastly, the influences of key parameters of ventilator on the dynamics of the ventilated respiratory system are carried out. This study can be helpful in the VCV ventilation treatment and respiratory diagnostics.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF CAR PROPERTIES ON A PHYSICAL MODEL

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Oleksii Timkov ◽  
Dmytro Yashchenko ◽  
Volodymyr Bosenko
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Remote Control ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Model Experiment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Motor Current ◽  
Memory Card ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The article deals with the development of a physical model of a car equipped with measuring, recording and remote control equipment for experimental study of car properties. A detailed description of the design of the physical model and of the electronic modules used is given, links to application libraries and the code of the first part of the program for remote control of the model are given. Atmega microcontroller on the Arduino Uno platform was used to manage the model and register the parameters. When moving the car on the memory card saved such parameters as speed, voltage on the motor, current on the motor, the angle of the steered wheel, acceleration along three coordinate axes are recorded. Use of more powerful microcontrollers will allow to expand the list of the registered parameters of movement of the car. It is possible to measure the forces acting on the elements of the car and other parameters. In the future, it is planned to develop a mathematical model of motion of the car and check its adequacy in conducting experimental studies on maneuverability on the physical model. In addition, it is possible to conduct studies of stability and consumption of electrical energy. The physical model allows to quickly change geometric dimensions and mass parameters. In the study of highway trains, this approach will allow to investigate the various layout schemes of highway trains in the short term. It is possible to make two-axle road trains and saddle towed trains, three-way hitched trains of different layout. The results obtained will allow us to improve not only the mathematical model, but also the experimental physical model, and move on to further study the properties of hybrid road trains with an active trailer link. This approach allows to reduce material and time costs when researching the properties of cars and road trains. Keywords: car, physical model, experiment, road trains, sensor, remote control, maneuverability, stability.

scholarly journals Effect of Mechanical Ventilation on Accidental Hydrogen Releases—Large-Scale Experiments

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3008
Author(s):  
Agnieszka W. Lach ◽  
André V. Gaathaug
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Forced Ventilation ◽  
British Standard ◽  
Confined Spaces ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Rate Limit

This paper presents a series of experiments on the effectiveness of existing mechanical ventilation systems during accidental hydrogen releases in confined spaces, such as underground garages. The purpose was to find the mass flow rate limit, hence the TPRD diameter limit, that will not require a change in the ventilation system. The experiments were performed in a 40 ft ISO container in Norway, and hydrogen gas was used in all experiments. The forced ventilation system was installed with a standard 315 mm diameter outlet. The ventilation parameters during the investigation were British Standard with 10 ACH and British Standard with 6 ACH. The hydrogen releases were obtained through 0.5 mm and 1 mm nozzles from different hydrogen reservoir pressures. Both types of mass flow, constant and blowdown, were included in the experimental matrix. The analysis of the hydrogen concentration of the created hydrogen cloud in the container shows the influence of the forced ventilation on hydrogen releases, together with TPRD diameter and reservoir pressure. The generated experimental data will be used to validate a CFD model in the next step.

Rest ventilator management in children on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

2021 ◽  
pp. 039139882199938
Author(s):  
Matthew L Friedman ◽  
Samer Abu-Sultaneh ◽  
James E Slaven ◽  
Christopher W Mastropietro
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Peak Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Conventional Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Ventilator Management

Background: We aimed to use the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry to describe the current practice of rest mechanical ventilation setting in children receiving veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) and to determine if relationships exist between ventilator settings and mortality. Methods: Data for patients 14 days to 18 years old who received V-V ECMO from 2012-2016 were reviewed. Mechanical ventilation data available includes mode and settings at 24 h after ECMO cannulation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine if rest settings were associated with mortality. Results: We reviewed 1161 subjects, of which 1022 (88%) received conventional mechanical ventilation on ECMO. Rest settings, expressed as medians (25th%, 75th%), are as follows: rate 12 breaths/minute (10, 17); peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) 22 cmH2O (20,27); positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) 10 cmH2O (8, 10); and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) 0.4 (0.37, 0.60). Survival to discharge was 68%. Higher ventilator FiO2 (odds ratio:1.13 per 0.1 increase, 95% confidence interval:1.04, 1.23), independent of arterial oxygen saturation, was associated with mortality. Conclusions: Current rest ventilator management for children receiving V-V ECMO primarily relies on conventional mechanical ventilation with moderate amounts of PIP, PEEP, and FiO2. Further study on the relationship between FiO2 and mortality should be pursued.

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