scholarly journals Neuronal Activity Stimulated by Liquid Substrates Injection at Zusanli (ST36) Acupoint: The Possible Mechanism ofAquapuncture

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Yen Chen ◽  
Chao-Nan Lin ◽  
Rey-Shyong Chern ◽  
Yu-Chuan Tsai ◽  
Yung-Hsien Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bee Venom ◽  
Neuronal Signaling ◽  
Fos Protein ◽  
Configuration Changes ◽  
Acupoint Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Aquapunctureis a modified acupuncture technique and it is generally accepted that it has a greater therapeutic effect than acupuncture because of the combination of the acupoint stimulation and the pharmacological effect of the drugs. However, to date, the mechanisms underlying the effects ofaquapunctureremain unclear. We hypothesized that both the change in the local spatial configuration and the substrate stimulation ofaquapuncturewould activate neuronal signaling. Thus, bee venom, normal saline, and vitamins B1 and B12 were injected into a Zusanli (ST36) acupoint as substrate ofaquapuncture, whereas a dry needle was inserted into ST36 as a control. Afteraquapuncture, activated neurons expressing Fos protein were mainly observed in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in lumbar segments L3–5, with the distribution nearly identical among all groups. However, the bee venom injection induced significantly more Fos-expressing neurons than the other substrates. Based on these data, we suggest that changes in the spatial configuration of the acupoint activate neuronal signaling and that bee venom may further strengthen this neuronal activity. In conclusion, the mechanisms for the effects ofaquapunctureappear to be the spatial configuration changes occurring within the acupoint and the ability of injected substrates to stimulate neuronal activity.

Sleep-related c-Fos protein expression in the preoptic hypothalamus: effects of ambient warming

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (6) ◽  
pp. R2079-R2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Gong ◽  
Ronald Szymusiak ◽  
Janice King ◽  
Teresa Steininger ◽  
Dennis McGinty
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Thermal Stimulation ◽  
Preoptic Nucleus ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Median Preoptic Nucleus ◽  
Fos Protein ◽  
Stimulation Of

Preoptic area (POA) neuronal activity promotes sleep, but the localization of critical sleep-active neurons is not completely known. Thermal stimulation of the POA also facilitates sleep. This study used the c-Fos protein immunostaining method to localize POA sleep-active neurons at control (22°C) and mildly elevated (31.5°C) ambient temperatures. At 22°C, after sleep, but not after waking, we found increased numbers of c-Fos immunoreactive neurons (IRNs) in both rostral and caudal parts of the median preoptic nucleus (MnPN) and in the ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO). In animals sleeping at 31.5°C, significantly more Fos IRNs were found in the rostral MnPN compared with animals sleeping at 22°C. In VLPO, Fos IRN counts were no longer increased over waking levels after sleep at the elevated ambient temperature. Sleep-associated Fos IRNs were also found diffusely in the POA, but counts were lower than those made after waking. This study supports a hypothesis that the MnPN, as well as the VLPO, is part of the POA sleep-facilitating system and that the rostral MnPN may facilitate sleep, particularly at elevated ambient temperatures.

Intracellular recording from visually identified motoneurons in rat spinal cord slices

1978 ◽  
Vol 202 (1148) ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Intracellular Recording ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Intracellular Recordings ◽  
Rat Spinal Cord ◽  
Local Sensitivity ◽  
New Born ◽  
Intracellular Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Motoneurons were directly visualized with Nomarski optics in slices prepared from new born rat spinal cord. Intracellular recordings from these neurons showed spontaneous potentials, probably triggered by inter-neuronal activity. Action potentials could also be evoked by direct intracellular stimulation of the motoneurons. Iontophoretically applied L-glutamate caused a fast depolarization of the motoneuronal membrane. Considerable differences in local sensitivity to L-glutamate were found on the surface of the motoneuron.

scholarly journals Long-loop pathways in cardiovascular electroacupuncture responses

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 620-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Stephanie C. Tjen-A-Looi ◽  
Zhi-Ling Guo ◽  
Liang-Wu Fu ◽  
John C. Longhurst
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Splanchnic Nerve ◽  
Neural Recording ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ventrolateral Medulla ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Homocysteic Acid ◽  
Splanchnic Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

We have shown that electroacupuncture (EA) at P 5–6 (overlying median nerves) activates arcuate (ARC) neurons, which excite the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) and inhibit cardiovascular sympathoexcitatory neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (rVLM). To investigate whether the ARC inhibits rVLM activity directly or indirectly, we stimulated the splanchnic nerve to activate rVLM neurons. Micropipettes were inserted in the rVLM, vlPAG, and ARC for neural recording or injection. Microinjection of kainic acid (KA; 1 mM, 50 nl) in the ARC blocked EA inhibition of the splanchnic nerve stimulation-induced reflex increases in rVLM neuronal activity. Microinjection of d,l-homocysteic acid (4 nM, 50 nl) in the ARC, like EA, inhibited reflex increases in the rVLM neuronal discharge. The vlPAG neurons receive convergent input from the ARC, splanchnic nerve, P 5–6, and other acupoints. Microinjection of KA bilaterally into the rostral vlPAG partially reversed rVLM neuronal responses and cardiovascular inhibition during d,l-homocysteic acid stimulation of the ARC. On the other hand, injection of KA into the caudal vlPAG completely reversed these responses. We also observed that ARC neurons could be antidromically activated by stimulating the rVLM, and that ARC perikarya was labeled with retrograde tracer that had been microinjected into the rVLM. These neurons frequently contained β-endorphin and c-Fos, activated by EA stimulation. Therefore, the vlPAG, particularly, the caudal vlPAG, is required for ARC inhibition of rVLM neuronal activation and subsequent EA-related cardiovascular activation. Direct projections from the ARC to the rVLM, which serve as an important source of β-endorphin, appear also to exist.

Modulation of spinal cord transmission by changes in extracellular K+ activity and extracellular volume

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1058-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Syková
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Extracellular Volume ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dorsal Horns ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Repetitive Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
K Activity

The neuronal activity in spinal cord in response to electrical or adequate stimulation of afferent fibres increases extracellular K+ activity. The increase during a stimulation can reach 9–10 mM (so-called ceiling level) and persists for some time even when a stimulation is discontinued. The activation of a neuronal Na–K pump is a limiting factor in stimulation-evoked increase in extracellular K+ activity and in the time course of its recovery to the resting level. Drugs that affect either the neuronal activity (picrotoxin, strychnine, GABA, 5-HT) or activity of Na–K ATPase (oubain, naloxone, morphine, enkephalins) substantially change the K+ transience. Repetitive electrical stimulation of low threshold cutaneous afferents at frequency 1–100 Hz induced transient shrinkage of extracellular space in spinal dorsal horns by 5–75%. The increase in extracellular K+ activity depolarizes the membranes of neurones, glial cells, and primary afferent fibres and may eventually lead to either facilitation or inhibition of synaptic transmission. It is also suggested that the transient poststimulation changes in extracellular volume may alter synaptic potency in spinal cord.

scholarly journals Acupoint Stimulation Using Bee Venom Attenuates Formalin-Induced Pain Behavior and Spinal Cord Fos Expression in Rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Woo KIM ◽  
Young-Bae KWON ◽  
Tae-Won HAM ◽  
Dae-Hyun ROH ◽  
Seo-Yeon YOON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Pain Behavior ◽  
Bee Venom ◽  
Fos Expression ◽  
Acupoint Stimulation

K+ changes in the extracellular space of the spinal cord and their physiological role

1981 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-109
Author(s):  
E. Sykova
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Primary Afferent Depolarization ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Dorsal Root Potentials ◽  
Stimulation Of

K+ accumulates in the intercellular space as a result of neuronal activity. The changes in extracellular K+ concentration, delta[K]e (estimated by K+-selective microelectrodes), depends on neuronal activity, on the density of discharging neurones and the removal of the accumulated K+ by diffusion, active transport and current flow through cells. In the mammalian as well as the amphibian spinal cord a single volley in a peripheral nerve increases [K]e by 0.2-0.5 mmol. 1-1, while tetanic stimulation (100 Hz) by 7-8 m-mol. 1-1, with a maximum in the lower dorsal horn. Increased [K]e was also found in lumbar segments when the somatosensory cortex of the cat and medulla of the frog were stimulated. In the frog spinal cord, the tactile stimulation of the hindlimb evoked delta[K]e by about 0.1 mumol. 1-1, nociceptive stimulation by 0.2-1.0 mmol. 1-1. Spontaneous delta[K]e and dorsal root potentials (DRPs) were observed at various intervals after stimulation, associated with the decay phase of delta[K]e. It was shown that primary afferent depolarization (PAD) consists of two components: the ‘early’ component (mediated by GABA and depressed by picrotoxin or bicuculline) and the ‘late’ K+ component (potentiated by picrotoxin and bicuculline). Even when increased [K]e produces PAD, this does not mean that it also results in presynaptic inhibition. It was found that the delta[K]e produced depolarization of motoneurones and neuroglia and there is every reason to believe that this also applies to the interneurones. Evidence is available that an increase of [K]e up to 6 mmol. 1-1 facilitates impulse transmission in the spinal cord while higher levels result in its inhibition.

Interaction Between Developing Spinal Locomotor Networks in the Neonatal Mouse

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian T. Gordon ◽  
Mary J. Dunbar ◽  
Kimberly J. Vanneste ◽  
Patrick J. Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Rhythmic Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Neonatal Mice ◽  
Complete Transection ◽  
Synchronous Oscillations ◽  
Rhythm Stability ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

At birth, thoracosacral spinal cord networks in mouse can produce a coordinated locomotor-like pattern. In contrast, less is known about the cervicothoracic networks that generate forelimb locomotion. Here we show that cervical networks can produce coordinated rhythmic patterns in the brain stem-spinal cord preparation of the mouse. Segmentally the C5 and C8 neurograms were each found to be alternating left-right, and the ipsilateral C5 and C8 neurograms also alternated. Collectively these patterns were suggestive of locomotor-like activity. This pattern was not dependent on the presence of thoracosacral segments because they could be evoked following a complete transection of the spinal cord at T5. We next demonstrated that activation of thoracosacral networks either pharmacologically or by stimulation of sacrocaudal afferents could produce rhythmic activity within the C5 and C8 neurograms. On the other hand, pharmacological activation of cervical networks did not evoke alternating cervical rhythmic activity either in isolated cervicothoracic or -sacral preparations. Under these conditions, we found that activation of cervicothoracic networks could alter the timing of thoracosacral locomotor-like patterns. When thoracosacral networks were not activated pharmacologically but received rhythmic drive from cervicothoracic networks, a pattern of slow bursts with superimposed fast synchronous oscillations became the dominant lumbar neurogram pattern. Our data suggest that in neonatal mice the cervical CPG is capable of producing coordinated rhythmic patterns in the absence of input from lumbar segments, but caudorostral drive contributes to cervical patterns and rhythm stability.

EFFECT OF ACTINOMYCIN D ON TSH-INDUCED STIMULATION OF THYROIDAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN THE RAT

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav Wägar
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Translational Level ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT Whether the short-term regulation of thyroidal protein synthesis by TSH occurs at the transcriptional or the translational level was tested by measuring the effect of actinomycin D (act D) on the TSH-induced stimulation of L-14C-leucine incorporation into the thyroidal proteins of rats. TSH was injected 6 h before the rats were killed. The thyroid glands were then removed and incubated in vitro in the presence of L-14C-leucine for 2 h. The pronounced stimulation of leucine incorporation in the TSH-treated animals was depressed as compared with controls but still significant even when the animals had been pre-treated with 100 μg act D 24 and 7 h before sacrifice. On the other hand, act D strongly decreased incorporation of 3H-uridine into RNA. Short-term regulation of thyroidal protein synthesis by TSH appears to be partly but not wholly dependent on neosynthesis of RNA. Hence regulation may partly occur at the translation level of protein synthesis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document