scholarly journals Isolation, Screening, and Identification of Cellulolytic Bacteria from Natural Reserves in the Subtropical Region of China and Optimization of Cellulase Production byPaenibacillus terraeME27-1

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Ling Liang ◽  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Yuan Wu ◽  
Jia-Xun Feng
Keyword(s):  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Subtropical Region ◽  
Cmcase Activity ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Screening And Identification ◽  
Natural Reserves

From different natural reserves in the subtropical region of China, a total of 245 aerobic bacterial strains were isolated on agar plates containing sugarcane bagasse pulp as the sole carbon source. Of the 245 strains, 22 showed hydrolyzing zones on agar plates containing carboxymethyl cellulose after Congo-red staining. Molecular identification showed that the 22 strains belonged to 10 different genera, with theBurkholderiagenus exhibiting the highest strain diversity and accounting for 36.36% of all the 22 strains. Three isolates among the 22 strains showed higher carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity, and isolate ME27-1 exhibited the highest CMCase activity in liquid culture. The strain ME27-1 was identified asPaenibacillus terraeon the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as well as physiological and biochemical properties. The optimum pH and temperature for CMCase activity produced by the strain ME27-1 were 5.5 and 50°C, respectively, and the enzyme was stable at a wide pH range of 5.0–9.5. A 12-fold improvement in the CMCase activity (2.08 U/mL) of ME27-1 was obtained under optimal conditions for CMCase production. Thus, this study provided further information about the diversity of cellulose-degrading bacteria in the subtropical region of China and foundP. terraeME27-1 to be highly cellulolytic.

scholarly journals ISOLATION OF CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA FROM SOIL AND VALORIZATION OF DIFFERENT LIGNOCELLULOSIC WASTES FOR CELLULASE PRODUCTION BY SUBMERGED FERMENTATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 821-828
Author(s):  
MISBAH GHAZANFAR ◽  
MUHAMMAD IRFAN ◽  
MUHAMMAD NADEEM ◽  
HAFIZ ABDULLAH SHAKIR ◽  
MUHAMMAD KHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Submerged Fermentation ◽  
Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Eucalyptus Leaves ◽  
Lignocellulosic Wastes ◽  
Bacillus Flexus

Cellulases are known to convert cellulose into monomeric or dimeric structures, hence playing an important role in bioethanol production, along with their applications in textile and paper industries. This study was directed towards the isolation and screening of cellulase producing bacteria from different soil samples on CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) agar plates, followed by Gram’s iodine staining. Six strains showed clear zones of hydrolysis on CMC agar plates. Isolates were identified as Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Bacillus aerius, Bacillus paralichniformis, Bacillus flexus, and Bacillus wiedmanni by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These strains were cultivated by submerged fermentation for cellulase production using various lignocellulosic wastes, such as corn cob, rice husk, wheat straw, seed pods of Bombax ceiba and eucalyptus leaves. Results showed that Pseudomonas stutzeri is the best cellulase producer among these strains. It offered the highest cellulase activity of 170.9±4.1 (IU/mL/min) in media containing eucalyptus leaves after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C, followed by Bacillus paralichniformis, Bacillus wiedmanni, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus aerius and Bacillus megaterium. These bacterial strains and lignocellulosic wastes could be potentially used for industrial exploitation, particularly in biofuels and textiles.

scholarly journals Physiology and Molecular Phylogeny of Bacteria Isolated from Alkaline Distillery Lime

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kalwasińska ◽  
Tamas Felfoldi ◽  
Maciej Walczak ◽  
Przemysław Kosobucki
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Genus Bacillus ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

This paper presents the results of the research on the number, taxonomic composition, and biochemical properties of bacterial strains isolated from the alkaline Solvay distillery lime, deposited at the repository in Janikowo (central Poland). Fifteen strains out of 17 were facultative alkaliphiles and moderate halophiles, and two were alkalitolerants and moderate halophiles. The number of aerobic bacteria cultured in alkaline lime was approximately 105 CFU ml-1, and the total number of bacteria was 107 cells g-1. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, nine strains belonged to the genus Bacillus, six to the genus Halomonas, one to the genus Planococcus, and one to the genus Microcella. Strains that hydrolyse starch and protein were the most numerous. Esterase (C4) and esterase lipase (C8) were detected in the majority of bacterial strains. Twelve strains exhibited α-glucosidase activity and nine, naphtol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase activity. The present study proves that alkaliphilic bacteria of this type may constitute a source of potentially useful extremozymes.

scholarly journals Substrate preferences, phylogenetic and biochemical properties of proteolytic bacteria present in the digestive tract of Nile tilapia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanim Jabid Hossain ◽  
Mukta Das ◽  
Ferdausi Ali ◽  
Sumaiya Islam Chowdhury ◽  
Subrina Akter Zedny
Keyword(s):  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Molecular Taxonomy ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Protease Production ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Substrate Preferences ◽  
Proteolytic Bacteria ◽  
Excellent Source

Abstract Vertebrate intestine appears an excellent source of proteolytic bacteria for industrial and probiotic use. We therefore aimed obtaining the gut-associated proteolytic species of Nile tilapia. We’ve isolated twenty six bacterial strains from its intestinal tract, seven of which showed exoprotease activity with the formation of clear halos on skim milk. Their depolymerization ability was further assessed on three distinct proteins including casein, gelatin and albumin. All the isolates could successfully hydrolyze the three substrates indicating relatively broad specificity of their secreted proteases. Molecular taxonomy and phylogeny of the proteolytic isolates were determined based on their 16S rRNA gene barcoding which suggested that the seven strains belong to three phyla viz. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, distributed across the genera Priestia, Citrobacter, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Burkholderia, Providencia and Micrococcus. The isolates were further characterized by a comprehensive study of their morphological, cultural, cellular and biochemical properties which were consistent with the phylogenetic annotations. To reveal their proteolytic capacity alongside substrate preferences, enzyme-production was determined by the diffusion assay. The Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas and Micrococcus isolates appeared most promising with maximum protease production on casein, gelatin and albumin media respectively. Our findings present valuable insights into the phylogenetic and biochemical properties of gut-associated proteolytic strains of Nile tilapia.

scholarly journals Enrichment, Isolation, and Phylogenetic Identification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria from Elizabeth River Sediments†

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 1176-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Hilyard ◽  
Joanne M. Jones-Meehan ◽  
Barry J. Spargo ◽  
Russell T. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Selective Enrichment ◽  
Elizabeth River ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

ABSTRACT The diversity of indigenous bacteria in sediments from several sites in the Elizabeth River (Virginia) able to degrade multiple polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated by the use of classical selective enrichment and molecular analyses. Enrichment cultures containing naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, or pyrene as a sole carbon and energy source were monitored by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to detect changes in the bacterial-community profile during enrichment and to determine whether the representative strains present were successfully cultured. The DGGE profiles of the final enrichments grown solely on naphthalene and pyrene showed no clear relationship with the site from which the inoculum was obtained. The enrichments grown solely on pyrene for two sample sites had >80% similarity, which suggests that common pyrene-degrading strains may be present in these sediments. The final enrichments grown on fluoranthene and phenanthrene remained diverse by site, suggesting that these strains may be influenced by environmental conditions. One hundred and one isolates were obtained, comprising representatives of the actinomycetes and alpha-, beta-, and gammaproteobacteria, including seven novel isolates with 16S rRNA gene sequences less than 98% similar to known strains. The ability to degrade multiple PAHs was demonstrated by mineralization of 14C-labeled substrate and growth in pure culture. This supports our hypothesis that a high diversity of bacterial strains with the ability to degrade multiple PAHs can be confirmed by the combined use of classical selective enrichment and molecular analyses. This large collection of diverse PAH-degrading strains provides a valuable resource for studies on mechanisms of PAH degradation and bioremediation.

scholarly journals Pedobacter huanghensis sp. nov. and Pedobacter glacialis sp. nov., isolated from Arctic glacier foreland

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_7) ◽  
pp. 2431-2436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Qiu ◽  
Zhihao Qu ◽  
Fan Jiang ◽  
Lvzhi Ren ◽  
Xulu Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Arctic Glacier

Two psychrotolerant, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterial strains, designed M1-27T and 8-24T, were subjected to polyphasic taxonomic studies. Strain M1-27T was isolated from the foreland of the Midtre Lovénbreen glacier, whereas strain 8-24T was isolated from the foreland of the Austre Lovénbreen glacier. Both were Arctic glacier forelands, near Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard Archipelago, Norway. Strains M1-27T and 8-24T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 91.0–96.0 % and 92.3–96.7 %, respectively, to type strains of recognized species of the genus Pedobacter . Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the two strains were grouped with members of the genus Pedobacter, but represented distinct taxa. Both strains contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone. The DNA G+C contents of strains M1-27T and 8-24T were 43.8 % and 39.4 %, respectively. The phenotypic characteristics, biochemical properties and polygenetic analysis, clearly indicated that strains M1-27T ( = CCTCC AB 2012936T = LMG 28205T) and 8-24T ( = CCTCC AB 2012941T = NRRL B-59993T) represent two novel species of the genus Pedobacter , for which the names Pedobacter huanghensis sp. nov. and Pedobacter glacialis sp. nov., respectively, are proposed.

scholarly journals Substrate preferences, phylogenetic and biochemical properties of proteolytic bacteria present in the digestive tract of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-545
Author(s):  
Tanim Jabid Hossain ◽  
◽  
Mukta Das ◽  
Ferdausi Ali ◽  
Sumaiya Islam Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Molecular Taxonomy ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Protease Production ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Substrate Preferences ◽  
Proteolytic Bacteria

<abstract> <p>Vertebrate intestine appears to be an excellent source of proteolytic bacteria for industrial and probiotic use. We therefore aimed at obtaining the gut-associated proteolytic species of Nile tilapia (<italic>Oreochromis niloticus</italic>). We have isolated twenty six bacterial strains from its intestinal tract, seven of which showed exoprotease activity with the formation of clear halos on skim milk. Their depolymerization ability was further assessed on three distinct proteins including casein, gelatin, and albumin. All the isolates could successfully hydrolyze the three substrates indicating relatively broad specificity of their secreted proteases. Molecular taxonomy and phylogeny of the proteolytic isolates were determined based on their 16S rRNA gene barcoding, which suggested that the seven strains belong to three phyla viz. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, distributed across the genera <italic>Priestia</italic>, <italic>Citrobacter</italic>, <italic>Pseudomonas</italic>, <italic>Stenotrophomonas</italic>, <italic>Burkholderia</italic>, <italic>Providencia</italic>, and <italic>Micrococcus</italic>. The isolates were further characterized by a comprehensive study of their morphological, cultural, cellular and biochemical properties which were consistent with the phylogenetic annotations. To reveal their proteolytic capacity alongside substrate preferences, enzyme-production was determined by the diffusion assay. The <italic>Pseudomonas</italic>, <italic>Stenotrophomonas</italic> and <italic>Micrococcus</italic> isolates appeared to be most promising with maximum protease production on casein, gelatin, and albumin media respectively. Our findings present valuable insights into the phylogenetic and biochemical properties of gut-associated proteolytic strains of Nile tilapia.</p> </abstract>

scholarly journals Short Communication: Diversity of Chlorpyrifos-degrading bacteria isolated from shallow aquifer of East Java Coastal Settlements, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
BASKORO ROCHADDI ◽  
Muhammad Zainuri ◽  
AGUS SABDONO
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Kinetic Growth ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Coastal Settlement

Abstract. Rochaddi B, Zainuri M, Sabdono A. 2019. Short Communication: Diversity of Chlorpyrifos-degrading bacteria isolated from shallow aquifer of East Java Coastal Settlements, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3662-3666. Wastes from inhabited regions, factories and maricultural practices through movement and penetration enter to groundwaters. A study was undertaken to determine the diversity of Chlorpyrifos-degrading bacteria isolated from a shallow aquifer of East Java coastal settlements. Fifteen of 116 bacterial strains isolated from shallow aquifer samples of 12 household wells were selected due to their capability of degrading Chlorpyrifos herbicide. These isolates were different in the ability of Chlorpyrifos degradation. They utilize Chlorpyrifos as the source of carbon and energy for their growth. Their initial degradation at 50 mg L−1 concentration within the first 4 days ranged between 26.81 and 70.12 %. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses indicated that the majority of the isolates belonged to members of Bacillus genera. These bacterial strains were Bacillus cereus (seven strains) and Bacillus paramycoides (four strains). Besides, three strains were identified as Bacillus subtilis and one strain as Bacillus thuringiensis. Bacillus cereus strain LCA1.1 was selected for further study on kinetic growth and Chlorpyrifos utilization. These bacterial strains have a great potential utility for the bioremediation of shallow aquifer of coastal settlement contaminated with Chlorpyrifos pesticides.

Screening and Identification of Glufosinate-Degrading Bacteria from Glufosinate-Treated Soils

Weed Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chau-Ling Hsiao ◽  
Chiu-Chung Young ◽  
Ching-Yuh Wang
Keyword(s):  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Screening And Identification ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Competition Pressure ◽  
Rdna Analysis

In order to select efficient and competitive glufosinate-degrading bacteria, two soils which had been treated with glufosinate annually for more than 5 yr were screened. Three strains tolerant to this herbicide were identified by 16S rDNA analysis asBurkholderia sacchari,Serratia marcescens, andPseudomonas psychrotolerans. In addition, a moderately tolerant strain,P. citronellolis, was isolated from a soil which had received glufosinate treatment for only 6 mo. In culture medium containing high concentration of glufosinate, the former three strains showed significant ability to degrade this glutamine synthetase inhibitor, suggesting that glufosinate-degrading bacteria would be readily found in soils after a long-term induction or selection. A subsequent biodegradation experiment showed that 30 and 50% of glufosinate was degraded 7 and 21 d after treatment (DAT), respectively, in sterilized soils inoculated with the above-mentioned three tolerant strains. While more than 30% of the glufosinate in nonsterilized soils was degraded 7 DAT by the indigenous edaphic microbes, inoculation with the three selected strains enhanced glufosinate degradation to nearly 50%. A study on the competition from edaphic microorganisms in soils by polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis revealed that within 21 d after inoculation (DAI), the propagation ofB. sacchariandP. psychrotoleranswas not affected, whereas that of the less tolerantP. citronelloliswas inhibited. This observation suggests that a long-term herbicide exposure is a promotive factor in generating bacterial strains having high degradation efficiency and showing vigorous propagation under the competition pressure arising from indigenous microbes.

scholarly journals Isolation of Adherent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH)-Degrading Bacteria Using PAH-Sorbing Carriers

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1834-1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leen Bastiaens ◽  
Dirk Springael ◽  
Pierre Wattiau ◽  
Hauke Harms ◽  
Rupert deWachter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
High Adhesion ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Adhesion Efficiency

ABSTRACT Two different procedures were compared to isolate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-utilizing bacteria from PAH-contaminated soil and sludge samples, i.e., (i) shaken enrichment cultures in liquid mineral medium in which PAHs were supplied as crystals and (ii) a new method in which PAH degraders were enriched on and recovered from hydrophobic membranes containing sorbed PAHs. Both techniques were successful, but selected from the same source different bacterial strains able to grow on PAHs as the sole source of carbon and energy. The liquid enrichment mainly selected for Sphingomonasspp., whereas the membrane method exclusively led to the selection ofMycobacterium spp. Furthermore, in separate membrane enrichment set-ups with different membrane types, three repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR-related Mycobacterium strains were recovered. The new Mycobacterium isolates were strongly hydrophobic and displayed the capacity to adhere strongly to different surfaces. One strain, Mycobacterium sp. LB501T, displayed an unusual combination of high adhesion efficiency and an extremely high negative charge. This strain may represent a new bacterial species as suggested by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. These results indicate that the provision of hydrophobic sorbents containing sorbed PAHs in the enrichment procedure discriminated in favor of certain bacterial characteristics. The new isolation method is appropriate to select for adherent PAH-degrading bacteria, which might be useful to biodegrade sorbed PAHs in soils and sludge.

scholarly journals Diversity of 4-Chloro-2-nitrophenol-Degrading Bacteria in a Waste Water Sample

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar Arora ◽  
Alok Srivastava ◽  
Vijay Pal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Waste Water Sample ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

Eighteen bacterial strains, isolated from a waste water sample collected from a chemically contaminated site, Patancheru (17°32′N 78°16′E/17.53°N 78.27°E), India, were able to decolorize 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol (4C2NP) in the presence of an additional carbon source. These eighteen 4C2NP-decolorizing strains have been identified as members of four different genera, includingBacillus,Paenibacillus,Pseudomonas, andLeuconostocbased on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Most of the bacteria (10) belonged to the genusBacillusand contributed 56% of the total 4C2NP-degrading bacteria, whereas the members of generaPaenibacillusandPseudomonasrepresented 22% and 17%, respectively, of total 4C2NP-degrading isolates. There was only one species ofLeuconostoccapable of degrading 4C2NP. This is the first report of the diversity of 4C2NP-decolorizing bacteria in a waste water sample. Furthermore, one bacterium,Bacillus aryabhattaistrain PC-7, was able to decolorize 4C2NP up to a concentration of 2.0 mM. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified 5-chloro-2-methylbenzoxazole as the final product of 4C2NP decolorization in strain PC-7.

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