scholarly journals Thermal Field Analysis and Simulation of an Infrared Belt Furnace Used for Solar Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Bai Lu ◽  
Liang Zongcun ◽  
Shen Hui
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Thermal Field ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Thermal Fields ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Cell Firing ◽  
Transient Thermal

During solar cell firing, volatile organic compounds (VOC) and a small number of metal particles were removed using the gas flow. When the gas flow was disturbed by the thermal field of infrared belt furnace and structure, the metal particles in the discharging gas flow randomly adhered to the surface of solar cell, possibly causing contamination. Meanwhile, the gas flow also affected the thermal uniformity of the solar cell. In this paper, the heating mechanism of the solar cell caused by radiation, convection, and conduction during firing was analyzed. Afterward, four 2-dimensional (2D) models of the furnace were proposed. The transient thermal fields with different gas inlets, outlets, and internal structures were simulated. The thermal fields and the temperature of the solar cell could remain stable and uniform when the gas outlets were installed at the ends and in the middle of the furnace, with the gas inlets being distributed evenly. To verify the results, we produced four types of furnaces according to the four simulated results. The experimental results indicated that the thermal distribution of the furnace and the characteristics of the solar cells were consistent with the simulation. These experiments improved the efficiency of the solar cells while optimizing the solar cell manufacturing equipment.

scholarly journals Transient Thermal Field Analysis in ACCC Power Lines by the Green’s Function Method

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Jerzy Gołębiowski ◽  
Marek Zaręba
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Thermal Field ◽  
Continuity Condition ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Parabolic Differential Equations ◽  
Steady State Current ◽  
Core Line ◽  
Transient Thermal

The paper investigates the dynamics of the thermal field of the ACCC (aluminum conductor composite core) line. The system was heated by solar radiation and current flow. Conductor cooling was modeled using the total heat transfer coefficient as the sum of convective and radiative components. The temperature increase generated by the current is described by a system of parabolic differential equations with an appropriate set of boundary, initial and continuity condition. The mentioned boundary-initial problem was solved by a modified Green’s method, adapted to the layered structure of the system. For this purpose, Green’s functions, as the kernels of integral operators inverse to differential ones, were determined. Aluminum resistivity and heat transfer coefficient change significantly with temperature. For this reason, the solution to the problem is presented in the form of a lower and upper estimation of the heating curve and local time constant. A steady-state current rating was also determined. The results are presented graphically and verified by other methods (power balance and finite element). The physical interpretation of the presented solution is also given.

Protocrystalline Si:H p-type Layers for Maximization of the Open Circuit Voltage in a-Si:H n-i-p Solar Cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 715 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Koval ◽  
Chi Chen ◽  
G. M. Ferreira ◽  
A. S. Ferlauto ◽  
J. M. Pearce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Rf Plasma ◽  
Growth Regime

AbstractWe have revisited the issue of p-layer optimization for amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells, correlating spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) measurements of the p-layer in the device configuration with light current-voltage (J-V) characteristics of the completed solar cell. Working with p-layer gas mixtures of H2/SiH4/BF3 in rf plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), we have found that the maximum open circuit voltage (Voc) for n-i-p solar cells is obtained using p-layers prepared with the maximum possible hydrogen-dilution gas-flow ratio R=[H2]/[SiH4], but without crossing the thickness-dependent transition from the a-Si:H growth regime into the mixed-phase amorphous + microcrystalline [(a+μc)-Si:H] regime for the ∼200 Å p-layers. As a result, optimum single-step p-layers are obtained under conditions similar to those applied for optimum i-layers, i.e., by operating in the so-called “protocrystalline” Si:H film growth regime. The remarkable dependence of the p-layer phase (amorphous vs. microcrystalline) and n-i-p solar cell Voc on the nature of the underlying i-layer surface also supports this conclusion.

scholarly journals Highly Efficient Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells Deposited from a Pure SiH4 Flow

2006 ◽  
Vol 910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menno van den Donker ◽  
B. Rech ◽  
R. Schmitz ◽  
J. Klomfass ◽  
G. Dingemans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Plasma Properties ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Plasma Ignition ◽  
Internal Parameters ◽  
External Process

AbstractThe effect of conventional process parameters on the deposition of μc-Si:H solar cells is reviewed. Then, an approach to solar cell optimization is presented in which hidden, internal parameters are adjusted rather than conventional, external process parameters. The investigation focuses on deposition at low H2 dilution ratio and low total gas flow. A hidden parameter is identified through time resolved optical emission spectroscopy on SiH emission: Transient depletion of the SiH4 source gas leads to uncontrolled deposition conditions during the first 90 s after plasma ignition. There hardly is any effect on plasma properties and deposited film properties for the remainder of deposition after the transient depletion phase. As demonstrator a 9.5 % efficient single junction μc-Si:H solar cell was deposited from a pure SiH4 flow. A reinterpretation of the role of H2 dilution is discussed.

Chaotic Behavior of a Symmetric Laminate With Transient Thermal Field

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling He
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Field ◽  
Chaotic Behavior ◽  
Equation Of Motion ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic Response ◽  
Type Method ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Thermal Fields ◽  
Transient Thermal ◽  
Bifurcation Behavior

A symmetric isotropic laminate in a simply supported boundary condition is analyzed for its nonlinear dynamic response subjected to a nonuniform transient thermal field. The equation of motion of a modified Duffing type in a decoupled modal form is obtained for both orthotropic and isotropic symmetric laminate from the reduction of the governing equation of motion by using a Galerkin-type method. Thermally induced nonlinear response and thermal mechanically induced response are investigated in a multimode analysis. The influence of the transient thermal field is found to cause drastically different modal response from that due to the steady-state thermal field. Chaos is found being induced by the transient in-plane thermal field, or by both transient in-plane and transverse thermal fields. Unique bifurcation behavior is observed with different thermal frequencies. Different loading levels can cause transition between chaos and quasi-periodic oscillations.

Thermal Field Analysis of Single Pulse EDM in Gas

2010 ◽  
Vol 426-427 ◽  
pp. 633-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Wang ◽  
Shu Qiang Xie ◽  
Xiao Cun Xu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermal Field ◽  
Pulse Discharge ◽  
Thermal Strain ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Thermal Fields ◽  
Crater Size ◽  
Machining Properties

To explore machining properties of the EDM in gas basically, thermal fields of single pulse discharge in gas and liquid were analyzed by FEM software ANSYS. Crater size and thermal strain graph affected by instantaneous high temperature owing to single spark were simulated. They can provide references for optimizing parameters of comparative experiments of single pulse EDM in liquid and gas.

Boron-Nitrogen Doped Dihydroindeno[1,2-b]fluorene Derivatives as Acceptors in Organic Solar Cells

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Morgan ◽  
Maryam Nazari ◽  
Thomas Pickl ◽  
J. Mikko Rautiainen ◽  
Heikki M. Tuononen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Organic Solar Cell ◽  
Broad Absorption ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Large Depth ◽  
End Products ◽  
Boron Nitrogen ◽  
The Way

The electrophilic borylation of 2,5-diarylpyrazines results in the formation of boron-nitrogen doped dihydroindeno[1,2-<i>b</i>]fluorene which can be synthesized via mildly air-sensitive techniques and the end products handled readily under atmosphereic conditions. Through transmetallation via diarylzinc reagents a series of derivatives were sythesized which show broad absorption profiles that highlight the versatility of this backbone to be used in organic solar cell devices. These compounds can be synthesized in large yields, in alow number of steps and functionalized at many stages along the way providing a large depth of possibilities. Exploratory device paramaters were studied and show PCE of 2%.

All-Contactless Measurement of Series Resistance Distributions on Solar Cells with Photoluminescence Imaging

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kasemann ◽  
L.M. Reindl ◽  
B. Michl ◽  
W. Warta ◽  
A. Schütt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Series Resistance ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
New Method ◽  
Contactless Measurement ◽  
Sample Handling ◽  
Imaging Methods ◽  
Lateral Current

Abstract Conventional series resistance imaging methods require electrical contacts for current injection or extraction in order to generate lateral current flow in the solar cell. This paper presents a new method to generate lateral current flow in the solar cell without any electrical contacts. This reduces the sample handling complexity for inline application and allows for measurements on unfinished solar cell precursors.

scholarly journals Ultrathin and compact electron transport layer made from novel water-dispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles to accomplish UV-stable perovskite solar cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Fang ◽  
Bo Chen ◽  
Bangkai Gu ◽  
Linxing Meng ◽  
Hao Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cell ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Electron Transport Layer ◽  
Perovskite Material ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Induced Decomposition

UV induced decomposition of perovskite material is one of main factors to severely destroy perovskite solar cells for instability. Here we report a UV stable perovskite solar cell with a...

scholarly journals Numerical Investigation of Graphene as a Back Surface Field Layer on the Performance of Cadmium Telluride Solar Cell

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3275
Author(s):  
Devendra KC ◽  
Deb Kumar Shah ◽  
M. Shaheer Akhtar ◽  
Mira Park ◽  
Chong Yeal Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Doping Concentration ◽  
Carrier Lifetime ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Back Surface ◽  
Back Surface Field ◽  
Cdte Solar Cell ◽  
Cdte Solar Cells ◽  
Surface Field

This paper numerically explores the possibility of ultrathin layering and high efficiency of graphene as a back surface field (BSF) based on a CdTe solar cell by Personal computer one-dimensional (PC1D) simulation. CdTe solar cells have been characterized and studied by varying the carrier lifetime, doping concentration, thickness, and bandgap of the graphene layer. With simulation results, the highest short-circuit current (Isc = 2.09 A), power conversion efficiency (h = 15%), and quantum efficiency (QE ~ 85%) were achieved at a carrier lifetime of 1 × 103 ms and a doping concentration of 1 × 1017 cm−3 of graphene as a BSF layer-based CdTe solar cell. The thickness of the graphene BSF layer (1 mm) was proven the ultrathin, optimal, and obtainable for the fabrication of high-performance CdTe solar cells, confirming the suitability of graphene material as a BSF. This simulation confirmed that a CdTe solar cell with the proposed graphene as the BSF layer might be highly efficient with optimized parameters for fabrication.

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