scholarly journals Differential Effect of Isooctane Doses on HaCaT and HeLa: A Multimodal Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lopamudra Das ◽  
Sanmitra Basu ◽  
Sanghamitra Sengupta ◽  
Soumen Das ◽  
Jyotirmoy Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Multimodal Approach ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Structural Alterations ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Multimodal Analysis ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Immunocytochemical Studies ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Scanning Electron

A multimodal approach is effective in analyzing biological problems critically and thus also useful in assessing cytotoxicity under chemicals assaults. In this study effects of isooctane, an organic solvent and component of gasoline produced in petroleum industries, have been explored on normal (HaCaT) and cancerous (HeLa) epithelial cells. Besides morphological alterations, impacts on viability, prime molecular expressions, and bioelectrical properties on exposure to different doses of isooctane were noted. Scanning electron microscopy and viability assay demonstrated remarkable structural alterations and cell death, respectively, in HaCaT but not in HeLa. Transcriptomic and immunocytochemical studies on E-cadherin expression also elucidated pronounced toxic effects on HaCaT. Remarkable changes on the bioelectrical properties (e.g., impedance and phase angle) of the HaCaT, in contrast to HeLa, at different temporal points on isooctane exposure also indicated cytotoxic effects in the former. Hence this study illustrated cytotoxicity of isooctane on HaCaT multidimensionally which was evaded by HeLa.

Scanning electron microscopy of morphological alterations in Proteus mirabilis induced by cephalosporins and semisynthetic penicillins

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Perkins ◽  
Marcia A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Structural Alterations ◽  
Beam Electron ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Marked Cell ◽  
Scanning Electron

Experiments, using the scanning-beam electron microscope, were conducted to compare the morphologic lesions induced in a strain of Proteus mirabilis by two semisynthetic penicillins, ampicillin and carbenicillin, and two cephalosporins, cephalothin and cephaloridine. The observations demonstrated that the semisynthetic penicillins and cephalosporins did not induce the same sequence of structural alterations. In the presence of cephalothin or cephaloridine, mid-cell spherical defects were induced which rapidly progressed to large bulbous enlargements at low concentrations (2 and 20 μg/ml) but only spheroplast-like forms were observed at high concentrations (200 and 2000 μg/ml). Ampicillin and carbenicillin caused similar alterations in morphology except that marked cell elongation without division occurred with 2 and 20 μg/ml. These variations may reflect subtle differences in sites, rates, sensitivity, or mechanisms of action between these two groups of cell-wall inhibiting antibiotics.

scholarly journals Human Recombinant Fab Fragment Neutralizes Shiga Toxin Type 2 Cytotoxic Effects in vitro and in vivo

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Luz ◽  
Maria Amaral ◽  
Flavia Sacerdoti ◽  
Alan Bernal ◽  
Wagner Quintilio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Fab Fragment ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Viability Assay

Shiga toxin (Stx) producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is responsible for causing hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a life-threatening thrombotic microangiopathy characterized by thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, and acute renal failure after bacterially induced hemorrhagic diarrhea. Until now, there has been neither an effective treatment nor method of prevention for the deleterious effects caused by Stx intoxication. Antibodies are well recognized as affinity components of therapeutic drugs; thus, a previously obtained recombinant human FabC11:Stx2 fragment was used to neutralize Stx2 in vitro in a Vero cell viability assay. Herein, we demonstrated that this fragment neutralized, in a dose-dependent manner, the cytotoxic effects of Stx2 on human glomerular endothelial cells, on human proximal tubular epithelial cells, and prevented the morphological alterations induced by Stx2. FabC11:Stx2 protected mice from a lethal dose of Stx2 by toxin-antibody pre-incubation. Altogether, our results show the ability of a new encouraging molecule to prevent Stx-intoxication symptoms during STEC infection.

scholarly journals Proeryptotic Activity of 4-Hydroxynonenal: A New Potential Physiopathological Role for Lipid Peroxidation Products

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 770
Author(s):  
Mario Allegra ◽  
Ignazio Restivo ◽  
Alberto Fucarino ◽  
Alessandro Pitruzzella ◽  
Sonya Vasto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Signalling Molecule ◽  
Free Haemoglobin ◽  
Scanning Electron

Background: Eryptosis is a physiological, apoptosis-like death of injured erythrocytes crucial to prevent premature haemolysis and the pathological sequalae generated by cell-free haemoglobin. When dysregulated, the process is associated to several inflammatory-based pathologies. 4-Hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE) is an endogenous signalling molecule at physiological levels and, at higher concentrations, is involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory-based diseases. This work evaluated whether HNE could induce eryptosis in human erythrocytes. Methods: Measurements of phosphatidylserine, cell volume, intracellular oxidants, Ca++, glutathione, ICAM-1, and ceramide were assessed by flow cytometry. Scanning electron microscopy evaluated morphological alterations of erythrocytes. Western blotting assessed caspases. PGE2 was measured by ELISA. Adhesion of erythrocytes on endothelial cells was evaluated by gravity adherence assay. Results: HNE in the concentration range between 10–100 µM induces eryptosis, morphological alterations correlated to caspase-3 activation, and increased Ca++ levels. The process is not mediated by redox-dependent mechanisms; rather, it strongly depends on PGE2 and ceramide. Interestingly, HNE induces significant increase of erythrocytes adhesion to endothelial cells (ECs) that are in turn dysfunctionated as evident by overexpression of ICAM-1. Conclusions: Our results unveil a new physiopathological role for HNE, provide mechanistic details of the HNE-induced eryptosis, and suggest a novel mechanism through which HNE could exert pro-inflammatory effects.

Efficacy of acidic and basic electrolyzed water in eradicating Staphylococcus aureus biofilm

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Lu Sun ◽  
Shao-Kang Zhang ◽  
Jing-Yu Chen ◽  
Bei-Zhong Han
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Electrolyzed Water ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Biofilm Architecture ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen. It can form biofilm on the surfaces of medical devices and food equipment, which makes it more difficult to eradicate. To develop a novel method to eradicate S. aureus biofilm, the effects of electrolyzed water on removing and killing S. aureus biofilm were investigated in this study. By using a biofilm biomass assay with safranin staining and visualization of biofilm architecture with scanning electron microscopy, it was shown that basic electrolyzed water (BEW) could effectively remove established biofilm. The pH of electrolyzed water affected removal efficacy. Using a biofilm viability assay with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide staining, acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) efficiently killed biofilm-imbedded S. aureus. The available chlorine in AEW may be a main contributing factor for bactericidal activity. Additionally, BEW had a removal efficacy for S. aureus biofilm equivalent to 2% NaOH, and AEW had a bactericidal capability for S. aureus in biofilm equivalent to 2% HCl. These data suggested that AEW and BEW could be applied as a bactericide and removing agent for S. aureus in biofilm, respectively.

scholarly journals Size-Controlled Production of Silver Nanoparticles by Aspergillus fumigatus BTCB10: Likely Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Shahzad ◽  
Hamid Saeed ◽  
Mehwish Iqtedar ◽  
Syed Zajif Hussain ◽  
Afshan Kaleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Dark Light ◽  
Size Controlled ◽  
Scanning Electron

The biogenesis of silver nanoparticles by fungi is an ecologically clean and nontoxic method compared to other physical and chemical methods. Thus, we aimed to discuss the mycosynthesis of extracellular size-controlled AgNPs. After comprehensive screening, Aspergillus fumigatus BTCB10 (KY486782) was selected for the synthesis of AgNPs of controlled size. Characterization was performed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Zetasizer, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) along with functional assays—antibacterial and MTT assays. Data suggested that under optimized conditions, i.e., temperature 25°C, AgNO3 concentration 1 mM, biomass 7 g, fungal culture age 7 days, pH 6, ratio of cell-free filtrate (CFF)/silver nitrate (3 : 2), NaCl 20%, and under dark light, the smallest size AgNPs of 0.681 nm with 100% monodispersity was obtained as evident by a zeta potential of -23.4 mV, UV-Vis band at 400 nm, and the presence of O-H and C=O groups confirmed by ATR-FTIR; XRD revealed the crystalline nature of AgNPs; additionally, cube-shaped AgNPs were revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Moreover, synthesized AgNPs exhibited antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, notably, Klebsiella pneumoniae BTCB04, Acinetobacter BTCB05, Pseudomonas aeruginosa BTCB01, and Escherichia coli BTCB03, while maximum 7-fold was observed with Acinetobacter BTCB05. AgNPs demonstrated no cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells; however, in combination with cisplatin, antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects became more evident and significant in comparison to control and as single agent. Taken together, the data suggested that economical and smallest size AgNPs can be biosynthesized from Aspergillus fumigatus BTCB10 and be used as antibacterial and antiproliferative agents in combination with current drugs against clinically relevant multiple drug-resistant bacterial and tumoral cells. Further studies are required to confirm their effects employing in vivo disease models.

scholarly journals Damage of the Bacterial Cell Envelope by Antimicrobial Peptides Gramicidin S and PGLa as Revealed by Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 3132-3142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mareike Hartmann ◽  
Marina Berditsch ◽  
Jacques Hawecker ◽  
Mohammad Fotouhi Ardakani ◽  
Dagmar Gerthsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Lipid Membrane ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Bacterial Membranes ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gramicidin S ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACT Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to examine the ultrastructural changes in bacteria induced by antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Both the β-stranded gramicidin S and the α-helical peptidyl-glycylleucine-carboxyamide (PGLa) are cationic amphiphilic AMPs known to interact with bacterial membranes. One representative Gram-negative strain, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and one representative Gram-positive strain, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, were exposed to the AMPs at sub-MICs and supra-MICs in salt-free medium. SEM revealed a shortening and swelling of the E. coli cells, and multiple blisters and bubbles formed on their surface. The S. aureus cells seemed to burst upon AMP exposure, showing open holes and deep craters in their envelope. TEM revealed the formation of intracellular membranous structures in both strains, which is attributed to a lateral expansion of the lipid membrane upon peptide insertion. Also, some morphological alterations in the DNA region were detected for S. aureus. After E. coli was incubated with AMPs in medium with low ionic strength, the cells appeared highly turgid compared to untreated controls. This observation suggests that the AMPs enhance osmosis through the inner membrane, before they eventually cause excessive leakage of the cellular contents. The adverse effect on the osmoregulatory capacity of the bacteria is attributed to the membrane-permeabilizing action of the amphiphilic peptides, even at low (sub-MIC) AMP concentrations. Altogether, the results demonstrate that both TEM and SEM, as well as appropriate sample preparation protocols, are needed to obtain detailed mechanistic insights into peptide function.

Improved Photoluminescence from Ar+ and N+ Ions Co-Implanted Porous Silicon

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 992-995
Author(s):  
Xiao Yi Lv ◽  
Jia Qing Mo ◽  
Fu Ru Zhong ◽  
Zhen Hong Jia ◽  
Mei Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Porous Silicon ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
Single Crystal Silicon ◽  
Photoluminescence Intensity ◽  
Crystal Silicon ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Scanning Electron

We have measured photoluminescence of porous silicon which is electrochemically prepared on single crystal silicon wafer with co-implantation of Ar+ and N+ ions. The results show that the photoluminescence intensity of porous structure of co-implanted silicon was enhanced that we attribute these to the enhanced formation of porous silicon microstructure induced by ion implantation and from the analysis by scanning electron microscopy, it is demonstrated that the different density of the pores with different doses ion implantation

Electron microscopy of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae of yellow poplar. I. Characterization of endophytic structures by scanning electron stereoscopy

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 989-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrell A. Kinden ◽  
Merton F. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Host Cytoplasm ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Scanning Electron

Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae of yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The morphology and spatial distribution of endophytic structures are illustrated. The use of stereoscopic techniques in conjunction with removal of host cytoplasm permits detection of subtle morphological alterations and progressive deterioration of the fungal component.

Resistance to Tracking of EPDM Aged by Gamma Irradiation under AC and DC Voltages

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Rajini ◽  
K. Udayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer ◽  
Gamma Source ◽  
60Co Gamma ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Sem Analyses

The present paper reports the results of a study of dielectric ageing of Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) by gamma radiation. EPDM flat specimens were aged under gamma radiation with three different doses. Samples were irradiated in air up to 300 kRad with a dose rate of 51 kRad/h using a 60Co gamma source. The resistance to tracking on applying DC and AC voltage was examined. We found that the DC resistance to tracking is lower than the AC resistance. The tracking resistance under –ve DC voltages are lower than +ve DC values. With the increase in radiation dose, the DC and AC tracking resistances change in a non-linear way. The erosion depth and contact angle affected by radiation have been studied. In addition, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses were done, to analyze the morphological changes.

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