scholarly journals Effects of Anethole in Nociception Experimental Models

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Mileni Versuti Ritter ◽  
Franciele Queiroz Ames ◽  
Fernando Otani ◽  
Rubia Maria Weffort de Oliveira ◽  
Roberto Kenji Nakamura Cuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formalin Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Sedative Effect ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Star Anise ◽  
Sedative Effects ◽  
Illicium Verum

This study investigated the antinociceptive activity of anethole (anethole 1-methoxy-4-benzene (1-propenyl)), major compound of the essential oil of star anise (Illicium verum), in different experimental models of nociception. The animals were pretreated with anethole (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) one hour before the experiments. To eliminate a possible sedative effect of anethole, the open field test was conducted. Anethole (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) showed an antinociceptive effect in the writhing model induced by acetic acid, in the second phase of the formalin test (125 and 250 mg/kg) in the test of glutamate (62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg), and expresses pain induced by ACF (250 mg/kg). In contrast, anethole was not able to increase the latency time on the hot plate and decrease the number of flinches during the initial phase of the formalin test in any of the doses tested. It was also demonstrated that anethole has no association with sedative effects. Therefore, these data showed that anethole, at all used doses, has no sedative effect and has an antinociceptive effect. This effect may be due to a decrease in the production/release of inflammatory mediators.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of phasic and chemical antinociceptive action of a conventional and a novel anticonvulsants in experimental models of tail flick and formalin test

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Saurabh Kansal ◽  
Rohan Sirohi ◽  
Ruchika Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Tail Flick Test

Background: Some antiepileptic drugs have been shown to be clinically efficacious in treatment of neuropathic pain and are being used by clinician.Methods: This study determined the analgesic effect of gabapentin (a conventional anticonvulsant) and levitiracetam (a novel anticonvulsant) in rats in different types of acute and chronic nociceptive test like tail flick and formalin test and compared its potency with a conventional non opioid analgesic diclofenac.Results: Per oral administration of gabapentin produced no any marked effect on early phase response of formalin test but significantly suppressed the late phase response while levitiracetam produced no any type of significant effect in both phases. In tail flick test gabapentin as well as levitiracetam produced no any significant analgesic effect while diclofenac produced significant reduction of pain in tail flick test as well as in both phases of formalin test.Conclusions: Thus, we have observed that gabapentin produced antinociception in chronic pain as second phase of formalin test reflects chronic inflammatory pain while levitiracetam did not produce any type of antinociceptive effect as it could not suppress the pain significantly in both tail flick and formalin test. 

Antinociceptive Effects of the Aqueous Extract of Brugmansia suaveolens Flowers in Mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Garcia Parker ◽  
Gianni Goulart Peraza ◽  
Janaina Sena ◽  
Eli Sinnott Silva ◽  
Maria Cristina Flores Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Brugmansia Suaveolens

The infusion of Brugmansia suaveolens, popularly known as trombeteira or cartucheira, has been used to treat pain in Brazil. The present study was conducted to test for its antinociceptive effects using the abdominal-writhing, formalin, tail-flick, and hot-plate tests in mice. The aqueous extract from B. suaveolens flowers administered intraperitoneally at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight significantly inhibited acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions. An increase in hot-plate latency was also observed in animals receiving both doses (100 and 300 mg/kg). In the formalin test, both doses from the aqueous extract inhibited the first (0-5 min) and second phase (20-25 min). Tail-flick assays demonstrated that treatment of animals with plant extract induced attenuation of the response. These results suggest that the aqueous extract from B. suaveolens flowers produced antinociceptive effects, as demonstrated in the experimental models of nociception in mice. This supports popular medicinal uses of this plant as an analgesic.

scholarly journals Ethnopharmacological Evaluation ofBreuEssential Oils fromProtiumSpecies Administered by Inhalation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Danilo Ribeiro de Oliveira ◽  
Patrícia Dias Fernandes ◽  
Humberto Ribeiro Bizzo ◽  
Suzana Guimarães Leitão
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Static Headspace ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Test Formulation ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Sedative Effects

Background.Breuis an aromatic oleoresin which has been used by Amazonian traditional communities as a remedy for headaches and migraines by burning and inhaling the smoke produced during its combustion. This study evaluated the antinociceptive and sedative activities of formulations containingbreuessential oils administered by inhalation.Methods. Five different formulations (A–E) containingbreuessential oils were evaluated for their sedative and antinociceptive activities in mice. They were delivered for 20 minutes using an inhalation chamber coupled with a nebulizer and the air inside was collected by static headspace and analyzed by GC-FID.Results. All nebulized formulations had similar chemical compositions and major compounds as the original essential oils. None of them resulted in significant increase in response time during the hot plate test. In the formalin test, Formulation E showed a significant inhibition of licking responses in the early (46.8%) and late (60.2%) phases. Formulation B was effective (36.9%) in the first phase and Formulation D (37.9%) in the second. None of the formulations presented sedative effects.Conclusion.Breuessential oils, when inhaled, may present antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties without sedation. Additionally, nebulization proved to be an efficient method for administration of formulations containing these essential oils.

Spinal Antinociceptive Effect of Epidural Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs on Nitric Oxide-induced Hyperalgesia in Rats 

1999 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuhiko Masue ◽  
Shuji Dohi ◽  
Toshio Asano ◽  
Hiroyuki Shimonaka
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Thermal Hyperalgesia ◽  
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Optical Isomers ◽  
Antiinflammatory Drugs

Background Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) suppress various hyperalgesia perhaps via inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity at the spinal cord. The present study aimed to examine whether epidural application of NSAIDs affects hyperalgesia induced by nitric oxide. Methods The authors studied the antinociceptive effects of epidurally administered NSAIDs in rats with a chronically in-dwelling epidural catheter by three hyperalgesic models, including nitric oxide-induced hyperalgesia by nitroglycerin (10 microg) or l-arginine (100 microg), and the biphasic response in the formalin test. Results Epidural, but not systemic, nitroglycerin induced hyperalgesia that was completely blocked by methylene blue but not by N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Epidural l-arginine, but not d-arginine, also induced hyperalgesia that was completely blocked by L-NAME. Epidural S(+)ibuprofen (100-1,000 microg) suppressed the nitroglycerin- and l-arginine-induced thermal hyperalgesia and also the second phase response in the formalin test. Neither systemic S(+)ibuprofen nor epidural R(-)ibuprofen suppressed the hyperalgesia Epidural indomethacin (10-100 microg) or diclofenac (10-1,000 microg) dose-dependently suppressed nitroglycerin-induced thermal hyperalgesia The order of potency for this suppression (ID50 in microg) was indomethacin = didofenac > S(+)ibuprofen > R(-)ibuprofen. Conclusions The antinociceptive action of epidurally administered NSAIDs could be the result of suppression of spinal sensitization, perhaps induced with nitric oxide in the spinal cord. The ID50 values for epidural indomethacin, diclofenac, and S(+)ibuprofen were about 10 times higher than those reported in other studies for intrathecal NSAIDs in hyperalgesia models. (Key words: Cyclooxygenase inhibitors; NO donor; NO precursor; optical isomers; neuroplasticity.)

scholarly journals A Novel Antinociceptive Sulphated Polysaccharide of the Brown Marine Alga Spatoglossum Schroederi

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wladimir R. L. Farias ◽  
Paula Cristina W. C. Lima ◽  
Natália Velloso F. C. Rodrigues ◽  
Rômmulo Celly L. Siqueira ◽  
Renata M. F. Amorim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Alga ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Hot Plate Test

Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) of brown algae (Phaeophyta) are composed mainly of α- L-fucose, being classified as fucans, with recognized role in inflammation but not in nociception, which was already described for SP obtained from red algae. Here the SP of the brown marine alga S. schroederi (named Ss-SP) was isolated and assayed for the antinociceptive effect. Ss-SP was isolated by DEAE-cellulose, analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and evaluated in nociception models (Formalin, Hot plate, Von Frey) using Swiss mice (20-25g). Anion exchange chromatography provided four major fractions being F1 (Ss-SP) that of highest metachromatic activity and sugar content. Ss-SP inhibited both phases of the formalin test. In the first phase the paw licking (55.2±8.07s) was reduced by 45% (30.5±6.51s) and 40% (32.85±8.66s) at 0.1 and 1 μg/kg, respectively. In the second phase, Ss-SP was also inhibitory about 39%, but only at 1 mg/kg (83.0±15.70s) compared to formalin (136.8±10.27s). This inhibitory effect suggests a mixed mechanism similar to morphine, which was not confirmed in the hot plate test, a model of pain associated with central neurotransmission. However, Ss-SP reduced the animal reaction in response to stimulation withVon Frey filament at the 2nd and 3rd h (20.8±6.86% versus carrageenan: 47.9±5.83%; 33.3±7.71% versus carrageenan: 62.5±9.83%). Accordingly, the paw edema induced by carrageenan (0.08±0.01g) was potently reduced in 45.35% by Ss-SP pre-treatment (0.02±0.003g), corroborating the anti-inflammatory activity demonstrated for brown seaweed polysaccharides. In conclusion our data revealed for the first time the antinociceptive effect of Ss-SP which could be used as a new source of analgesic substances.

scholarly journals Fractions of Selaginella convoluta (Arn.) Spring (Selaginellaceae) attenuate the nociceptive behavior events in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. R. Oliveira-Macêdo ◽  
A. G. M. Pacheco ◽  
S. R. G. Lima-Saraiva ◽  
J. C. Silva ◽  
R. G. Oliveira-Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Nociceptive Behavior ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Rota Rod Test ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Selaginella convoluta (Arn.) Spring is a species popularly known as “jericó”, and used in folk medicine as analgesic and anti-inflammatory. This study aimed to investigate in mice the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the hexane (Sc-Hex) and chloroform (Sc-CHCl3) fractions (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) obtained by partition of crude ethanol extract from S. convoluta. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the fractions was performed. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated by writhing, formalin and hot-plate tests. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan-induced pleurisy. The rota-rod test was used to evaluate motor coordination. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that the Sc-Hex and the Sc-CHCl3 were positive for the presence of flavonoids, anthracene derivatives, quinones, triterpenes and steroids. Inhibition of writhing was observed for fractions tested. The Sc-Hex at all doses tested was effective in reducing the nociceptive behavior produced by formalin only in the second phase. However, the Sc-CHCl3 decreased the paw licking time in the first and second phases. In the hot plate no significant effect was observed for any fraction. In the rota-rod test, treated mice did not demonstrate any significant motor performance changes. In the carrageenan-induced pleurisy, Sc-CHCl3 (200 mg/kg) reduced cell migration to the pleural cavity. These results reveal the antinociceptive properties of S. convoluta , which support, in part, its traditional use, since the fractions did not presented significant activity in the inflammatory response profile. We further verify that this antinociceptive effect could be by activation of nociceptive peripheral pathway.

Synergistic Antinociceptive Effect of Amitriptyline and Morphine in the Rat Orofacial Formalin Test

2004 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 690-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Luccarini ◽  
Laurent Perrier ◽  
Céline Dégoulange ◽  
Anne-Marie Gaydier ◽  
Radhouane Dallel
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Inflammatory Pain ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Isobolographic Analysis ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Analgesic Agents ◽  
Rubbing Behavior ◽  
Orofacial Formalin Test

Background Combination therapy is often used to increase the clinical utility of analgesic agents. The coadministration of two compounds may achieve analgesia at doses lower than those required for either compound alone, leading to enhanced pain relief and reduction of adverse effects. Herein, the authors describe the effect of coadministration of morphine and amitriptyline on cutaneous orofacial inflammatory pain in rats. Methods Amitriptyline, morphine, or the combination of amitriptyline and morphine was administered systemically to rats, and antinociceptive effects were determined by means of the rat orofacial formalin test. Isobolographic analysis was used to define the nature of the interactions between morphine and amitriptyline. Results Amitriptyline as well as morphine produced a dose-related inhibition in the first phase and the second phase of rubbing activity. ED50 values against rubbing behavior were 14.6 mg/kg (95% confidence interval, 10.2-33.5 mg/kg) and 1.3 mg/kg (95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.7 mg/kg) for amitriptyline and morphine, respectively. Combinations of increasing fractional increments of amitriptyline and morphine ED50 doses produced a synergistic effect against rubbing behavior, as revealed by isobolographic analysis. Conclusions The current study suggests that systemic amitriptyline and morphine synergistically inhibit cutaneous orofacial inflammatory pain in rats.

I3-naringenin-II8-4′-OMe-eriodictyol: a New Potential Analgesie Agent Isolated from Rheedia gardneriana Leaves

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 820-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdir Cechinel Filho ◽  
Karina L. da Silva ◽  
Márcia M. de Souza ◽  
Ana E. Oliveira ◽  
Rosendo A. Yunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Analgesic Action ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Analgesic Drugs

Abstract This paper describes the isolation, identification and analgesic activity of a new biflavonoid from Rheedia gardneriana leaves, which correspond to I3-naringenin-II8-4ʼ-OMe-eriodictyol (GB-2a-II-4ʼ-OMe) (1), with a methoxyl group in position 4 of ring-II. Its structure was determined by spectroscopic data and confirmed by an alkaline hydrolysis. Its analgesic effect was evaluated in a writhing test and a formalin test in mice. It was found that this compound exhibits potent and dose-related analgesic action in both experimental models, with ID50 ’s values of 4.5 μmol/kg against the writhing test and 8.2 and 6.8 μmol/kg against the first and second phase of the formalin test, respectively. It was several times more potent than some well-known analgesic drugs used as reference.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Activities of Bufalin in Rodents

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Wen ◽  
Yang Huang ◽  
Xianbiao Xie ◽  
Wan Huang ◽  
Junqiang Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The aims of this study were to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of bufalin, a major component of “Chan-su.” We used a carrageenan-induced paw edema model to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of this compound, and Western blot analysis detected NF-κB signaling during this effect. The antinociceptive activities were evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, and hot-plate tests; open-field test investigated effects on the central nervous system. Our data showed that bufalin (0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg, i.p.) potently decreased carrageenan-induced paw edema. Bufalin down regulated the expression levels of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) during these treatments. Further studies demonstrated that bufalin significantly inhibited the activation of NF-κB signaling. Bufalin also reduced acetic acid-induced writhing and the licking time in the formalin test and increased hot-plate reaction latencies. Naloxone pretreatment (2 mg/kg, i.p.) in the early phases of the formalin test and hot-plate test significantly attenuated the bufalin-induced antinociception effects, which suggests the involvement of the opioid system. A reduction in locomotion was not observed in the open-field test after bufalin administration. Taken together, bufalin treatment resulted in in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, and bufalin may be a novel, potential drug for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

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