scholarly journals Neighborhood Social Capital, Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Change of Neighborhood as Predictors of School Readiness

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Jones ◽  
Jing Shen
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
School Readiness ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Sibship Size ◽  
Neighborhood Collective Efficacy ◽  
Neighborhood Income

Neighborhood income and social capital are considered important for child development, but social capital has rarely been measured directly at an aggregate level. We used Canadian data to derive measures of social capital from aggregated parental judgments of neighborhood collective efficacy and neighborhood safety. Measures of neighborhood income came from Census data. Direct measures of preschoolers’ school readiness were predicted from neighborhood-level variables, with regional indicators and household/parental characteristics taken into account. Our findings show that (1) residing in Quebec, being Black, and having a parent who was born outside Canada are positively associated with children’s living in disadvantaged or low collective efficacy neighborhoods as well as with their living in low-income households. (2) Children’s odds of residential mobility were reduced when the origin neighborhood had higher collective efficacy but increased when the family rented rather than owned. (3) Both neighborhood collective efficacy and children’s ever having lived in a poor neighborhood were correlated with receptive vocabulary scores, but results were mixed for other cognitive dimensions. Children of younger mothers scored worse on receptive vocabulary. There were similar patterns for demographic predictors related to visible minority status, sibship size, and birth order. Neighborhood average income had no effect on cognitive outcomes when the region was controlled.

scholarly journals The Impact of School-Based Volunteering on Social Capital and Self- and Collective Efficacy among Low-Income Mothers

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Maria Vidal de Haymes ◽  
Siobhan O’Donoghue ◽  
Hien Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
School Based ◽  
Low Income Mothers ◽  
The Impact

Can Storytelling and Story-Acting by Low-Income Preschoolers Promote School Readiness?

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ageliki Nicolopoulou ◽  
Aline de Sa ◽  
Hande Ilgaz ◽  
Kai Schnabel-Cortina ◽  
Carolyn Brockmeyer
Keyword(s):  
School Readiness ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Story Acting

scholarly journals Relationship between Apgar scores and long-term cognitive outcomes in individuals with Down syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura del Hoyo Soriano ◽  
Tracie C. Rosser ◽  
Debra R. Hamilton ◽  
Danielle J. Harvey ◽  
Leonard Abbeduto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Verbal Comprehension

AbstractThis study examined the contribution of the Apgar score at 1 and 5 min after birth to later cognitive functioning in 168 individuals with Down syndrome who were between 6 and 25 years of age at time of cognitive testing. Our results showed that a lower Apgar score at 1 min was related to a worse performance in later cognitive measures of receptive vocabulary, verbal comprehension and production, visual memory and working memory. Results also showed that a lower Apgar score at 5 min was only related to worse later outcomes of verbal comprehension and production and auditory working memory. Our findings suggest a need for future studies investigating how specific perinatal events reflected in the Apgar score are linked to later cognitive functioning in individuals with Down syndrome.

scholarly journals Influences on catch-up growth using relative versus absolute metrics: evidence from the MAL-ED cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Richard ◽  
Benjamin J. J. McCormick ◽  
Laura E. Murray-Kolb ◽  
Pascal Bessong ◽  
Sanjaya K. Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Maternal Height ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Micronutrient Status

Abstract Background Poor growth in early childhood has been considered irreversible after 2–3 years of age and has been associated with morbidity and mortality over the short-term and with poor economic and cognitive outcomes over the long-term. The MAL-ED cohort study was performed in eight low-income settings with the goal of evaluating relationships between the child’s environment and experience (dietary, illness, and pathogen exposure, among others) and their growth and development. The goal of this analysis is to determine whether there are differences in the factors associated with growth from 24 to 60 months using two different metrics. Methods Across six MAL-ED sites, 942 children had anthropometry data at 24 and 60 months, as well as information about socioeconomic status, maternal height, gut permeability (lactulose-mannitol z-score (LMZ)), dietary intake from 9 to 24 months, and micronutrient status. Anthropometric changes were in height- or weight-for-age z-score (HAZ, WAZ), their absolute difference from the growth standard median (HAD (cm), WAD (kg)), as well as recovery from stunting/underweight. Outcomes were modeled using multivariate regression. Results At 24 months, almost half of the cohort was stunted (45%) and 21% were underweight. Among those who were stunted at 24 months (n = 426), 185 (43%) were no longer stunted at 60 months. Most children increased their HAZ from 24 to 60 months (81%), whereas fewer (33%) had positive changes in their HAD. Linear regression models indicate that girls improved less than boys from 24 to 60 months (HAZ: -0.21 (95% CI -0.27, -0.15); HAD: -0.75 (-1.07, -0.43)). Greater intestinal permeability (higher LMZ) at 0–24 months was associated with lower relative and absolute changes from 24 to 60 months (HAZ: -0.10 (-0.16, -0.04); HAD: -0.47 (-0.73, -0.21)). Maternal height (per 10 cm) was positively associated with changes (HAZ: 0.09 (0.03, 0.15); HAD: 0.45 (0.15, 0.75)). Similar relationships were identified for changes in WAZ and WAD. Conclusions The study children demonstrated improved growth from 24 to 60 months of age, but only a subset had positive changes in HAD and WAD. The same environmental factors were associated with growth from 24 to 60 months regardless of metric used (change in HAZ or HAD, or WAZ and WAD).

scholarly journals Greenspace, Air Pollution, Neighborhood Factors, and Preeclampsia in a Population-Based Case-Control Study in California

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5127
Author(s):  
Kari A. Weber ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Evan Lyons ◽  
David K. Stevenson ◽  
Amy M. Padula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Severe Preeclampsia ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Neighborhood Factors

To investigate preeclampsia etiologies, we examined relationships between greenspace, air pollution, and neighborhood factors. Data were from hospital records and geocoded residences of 77,406 women in San Joaquin Valley, California from 2000 to 2006. Preeclampsia was divided into mild, severe, or superimposed onto pre-existing hypertension. Greenspace within 100 and 500 m residential buffers was estimated from satellite data using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Air quality data were averaged over pregnancy from daily 24-h averages of nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter <10 µm (PM10) and <2.5 µm (PM2.5), and carbon monoxide. Neighborhood socioeconomic (SES) factors included living below the federal poverty level and median annual income using 2000 US Census data. Odds of preeclampsia were estimated using logistic regression. Effect modification was assessed using Wald tests. More greenspace (500 m) was inversely associated with superimposed preeclampsia (OR = 0.57). High PM2.5 and low SES were associated with mild and severe preeclampsia. We observed differences in associations between greenspace (500 m) and superimposed preeclampsia by neighborhood income and between greenspace (500 m) and severe preeclampsia by PM10, overall and among those living in higher SES neighborhoods. Less greenspace, high particulate matter, and high-poverty/low-income neighborhoods were associated with preeclampsia, and effect modification was observed between these exposures. Further research into exposure combinations and preeclampsia is warranted.

scholarly journals Living conditions and receptive vocabulary of children aged two to five years

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 725-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Sílvia Basílio ◽  
Rosana Fiorini Puccini ◽  
Edina Mariko Koga da Silva ◽  
Márcia Regina Marcondes Pedromônico
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
Mother's Education

OBJECTIVE: To assess the receptive vocabulary of children aged between two years and six months and five years and eleven months who were attending childcare centers and kindergarten schools. METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in the municipality of Embu, Southeastern Brazil. The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and analysis of factors associated with children's performance were applied. The sample consisted of 201 children of both genders, aged between two and six years. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate analysis and logistic regression model. The dependent variable analyzed was test performance and the independent variables were child's age, mother's level of education and family socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS: It was observed that 44.3% of the children had performances in the test that were below what would be expected for their age. The factors associated with the best performances in the test were child's age (OR=2.4; 95% CI: 1.6-3.5) and mother's education level (OR= 3.2; 95% CI: 1.3-7.4). CONCLUSIONS: Mother's education level is important for child's language development. Settings such as childcare and kindergarten schools are protective factors for child development in families of low income and education.

“It's Not Just a Bunch of Buildings”: Social Psychological Investment, Sense of Community, and Collective Efficacy in a Multiethnic Low–Income Neighborhood

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Walton
Keyword(s):  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Disorganization ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
The Social

This analysis of social life in a poor, multiethnic public housing neighborhood presents an opportunity for refinement of social disorganization theory. Drawing on data from interviews, focus groups, and participant observations among residents, I find that this neighborhood exhibits substantial collective efficacy, despite social disorganization theory's predictions that the structural conditions of high poverty and racial and ethnic diversity result in low collective efficacy. I explicate two social psychological investment strategies—sense of ownership and symbolic representation—that appear to facilitate a sense of community and ultimately collective efficacy, helping to explain this apparent anomaly. I argue that even in the presence of structural disadvantage, having a strong sense of community provides a basis for beneficial action on behalf of the collective because it constitutes a source of shared expectations about values and norms in the neighborhood. These findings suggest refinements to the social disorganization framework, but also provide foundational ideas for policy interventions that may improve the social lives of residents in disadvantaged neighborhoods.

Linking Federal Surveys with Administrative Data to Improve Research on Families

2016 ◽  
Vol 669 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy O’Hara ◽  
Rachel M. Shattuck ◽  
Robert M. Goerge
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Administrative Records ◽  
State And Local

Linkage of federal, state, and local administrative records to survey data holds great promise for research on families, in particular research on low-income families. Researchers can use administrative records in conjunction with survey data to better measure family relationships and to capture the experiences of individuals and family members across multiple points in time and social and economic domains. Administrative data can be used to evaluate program participation in government social welfare programs, as well as to evaluate the accuracy of reporting on receipt of such benefits. Administrative records can also be used to enhance collection and accuracy of survey and census data and to improve coverage of hard-to-reach populations. This article discusses potential uses of linked administrative and survey data, gives an overview of the linking methodology and infrastructure (including limitations), and reviews social science literature that has used this method to date.

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