scholarly journals THE ROLE OF NEIGHBORHOOD COLLECTIVE EFFICACY AND FEAR OF CRIME IN SOCIALIZATION OF COPING WITH VIOLENCE IN LOW-INCOME COMMUNITIES

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 920-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Kilewer
Keyword(s):  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Neighborhood Collective Efficacy

“A rising tide floats all boats”: The role of neighborhood collective efficacy in responding to child maltreatment

2022 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 105461
Author(s):  
James C. Spilsbury ◽  
Jarrod E. Dalton ◽  
Bridget M. Haas ◽  
Jill E. Korbin
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Neighborhood Collective Efficacy

Urban safety: A re-reading of the sense of unsafety through individual and ecological dimensions

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Ferretti ◽  
Andrea Pozza ◽  
Anna Coluccia
Keyword(s):  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Perception Of Safety ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Urban Safety ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
The Impact

The issue of urban safety is a research topic that has attracted the attention of scholars for several years, particularly in relation to the effects of individual and environmental variables that influence the fear of crime. Some recent studies have redefined the study of fear of crime, widening it to a more general dimension represented by the perception of safety. However, no specific tool has been proposed to measure this construct. In this paper, a new assessment scale of the perception of unsafety has been used to examine the impact of individual factors (gender, age, etc.) and ecological factors (ethnic composition of the neighbourhood, residential stability, etc.) on the dimensions of the scale (general sense of unsafety, perception of physical and social disorder, collective efficacy perception and preoccupation with crime). Results showed a strong convergence with the existing evidence with regard to the ambiguous role of some individual variables, such as gender and age, and for the influence of the characteristics of the neighbourhood.

Assessing the Role of Local Communication Networks in Neighborhood Disorder and Crime

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 887-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Neighborhood Disorder ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Crime Victimization ◽  
Local Communication ◽  
Organizational Participation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Neighborhood Collective Efficacy

This study conceptualizes local communication networks as a unique source of neighborhood collective efficacy. Data from the Seattle Neighborhoods and Crime Survey were used to create neighborhood-level measures of structural factors, friendship/kinship networks, organizational participation, local communication networks, collective efficacy, disorder, and crime victimization. Results indicate that socioeconomic status and residential stability have positive effects on local communication networks. The measure of local communication networks is positively related to collective efficacy, which in turn has decreased effects on disorder and crime victimization. Implications are discussed in terms of the role of communication in building a safe community.

scholarly journals Neighborhood Social Capital, Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Change of Neighborhood as Predictors of School Readiness

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Jones ◽  
Jing Shen
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
School Readiness ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Sibship Size ◽  
Neighborhood Collective Efficacy ◽  
Neighborhood Income

Neighborhood income and social capital are considered important for child development, but social capital has rarely been measured directly at an aggregate level. We used Canadian data to derive measures of social capital from aggregated parental judgments of neighborhood collective efficacy and neighborhood safety. Measures of neighborhood income came from Census data. Direct measures of preschoolers’ school readiness were predicted from neighborhood-level variables, with regional indicators and household/parental characteristics taken into account. Our findings show that (1) residing in Quebec, being Black, and having a parent who was born outside Canada are positively associated with children’s living in disadvantaged or low collective efficacy neighborhoods as well as with their living in low-income households. (2) Children’s odds of residential mobility were reduced when the origin neighborhood had higher collective efficacy but increased when the family rented rather than owned. (3) Both neighborhood collective efficacy and children’s ever having lived in a poor neighborhood were correlated with receptive vocabulary scores, but results were mixed for other cognitive dimensions. Children of younger mothers scored worse on receptive vocabulary. There were similar patterns for demographic predictors related to visible minority status, sibship size, and birth order. Neighborhood average income had no effect on cognitive outcomes when the region was controlled.

Collective efficacy and fear of crime in urban neighbourhoods in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Kusi Frimpong ◽  
Martin Oteng-Ababio ◽  
George Owusu ◽  
Charlotte Wrigley-Asante
Keyword(s):  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Neighbourhood Characteristics

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between neighbourhood characteristics and fear of crime, and further explore how this relationship is mediated by collective efficacy. The background to this is that while research, mainly based on the experiences of western countries is conclusive on how collective efficacy plays a mediating role between neighbourhood structural characteristics and fear of crime, the situation in developing countries remains poorly researched.Design/methodology/approachThe study drew from a baseline survey conducted in different socio-economic neighbourhoods in four cities in Ghana. With regards to the analysis, results from a series of ordinary least square multiple regression models were used to develop a path diagram to explain the direct and indirect relationships at the various study neighbourhoods.FindingsResults from the study showed variations of the extent of neighbourhood effect on fear of crime and collective efficacy in the different socio-economic neighbourhoods. More importantly, the study revealed that collective efficacy mediated the effect of a number of neighbourhood characteristics on fear of crime in low-income neighbourhoods compared to middle- and high-income neighbourhoods.Practical implicationsThe conclusion of the study brings to the fore the relevance of collective efficacy as a vehicle for building safer communities in Ghana since it relies on local initiatives in addressing criminogenic problems. More importantly, it is suggested that formal crime prevention efforts should be integrated with informal crime control measures, particularly in low-income neighbourhoods.Originality/valueUsing extensive survey data collected in Ghana, the study examines the applicability of collective efficacy, a western-based socio-ecological theory in a developing country context.

scholarly journals Functional and Dysfunctional Fear of Crime in Inner Sydney: Findings from the Quantitative Component of a Mixed-Methods Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray Lee ◽  
Jonathan Jackson ◽  
Justin R Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Perceptions Of Crime ◽  
Community Disorder ◽  
Conceptual Advance

This article presents the quantitative findings from a mixed-method study of perceptions of crime in inner Sydney. A survey was deployed via Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) on a randomly selected sample of the inner-Sydney population (n=409). We find that less than half of the participants worry about crime but that a sizable minority (13%) indicated that they have some worry about a category of crime every week of the year or more. Building on a recent conceptual advance Grey et al 2011), we differentiate between functional and dysfunctional fear of crime. We find that greater direct and indirect experience of victimization, believing one’s neighbourhood to be disorderly, and believing that collective efficacy is low all predict moving up the scale from no worry, to functional fear, to increasingly frequent dysfunctional fear. The findings suggest gender and age are largely unrelated to worry about crime, controlling for perceptions of community disorder, perceptions of collective efficacy, direct victimisation experience and indirect victimisation experience. We conclude with some thoughts on the role of environmental cues in shifting people’s functional response to perceived risk to dysfunctional patterning of emotions in people’s daily lives.

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