scholarly journals Genetic Variability and Selection Criteria in Rice Mutant Lines as Revealed by Quantitative Traits

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuff Oladosu ◽  
M. Y. Rafii ◽  
Norhani Abdullah ◽  
Mohammad Abdul Malek ◽  
H. A. Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Rice Mutant ◽  
Group I ◽  
Vegetative Traits ◽  
Mutant Lines

Genetic based knowledge of different vegetative and yield traits play a major role in varietal improvement of rice. Genetic variation gives room for recombinants which are essential for the development of a new variety in any crop. Based on this background, this work was carried out to evaluate genetic diversity of derived mutant lines and establish relationships between their yield and yield components using multivariate analysis. To achieve this objective, two field trials were carried out on 45 mutant rice genotypes to evaluate their growth and yield traits. Data were taken on vegetative traits and yield and its components, while genotypic and phenotypic coefficients, variance components, expected genetic advance, and heritability were calculated. All the genotypes showed variations for vegetative traits and yield and its components. Also, there was positive relationship between the quantitative traits and the final yield with the exception of number of tillers. Finally, the evaluated genotypes were grouped into five major clusters based on the assessed traits with the aid of UPGMA dendrogram. So hybridization of group I with group V or group VI could be used to attain higher heterosis or vigour among the genotypes. Also, this evaluation could be useful in developing reliable selection indices for important agronomic traits in rice.

Unraveling the impact of plant-density genetic architecture on agronomic traits in canola

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yesica C Menendez ◽  
Diego H Sanchez ◽  
Rod J Snowdon ◽  
Deborah P Rondanini ◽  
Javier F Botto
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Plant density defines vegetative architecture and competition for light between individuals. Brassica napus (canola), as a model system of indeterminate growth, presents a radically different plant architecture compared to traditional crops commonly cultivated at high density. Using a panel of 152 spring-type canola accessions and a double haploid (DH) population of 99 lines from a cross between Lynx and Monty, we performed Genome-Wide-Analysis-Studies (GWAS) and Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) mapping for 12 growth and yield traits at two contrasting plant densities (15 and 60 plants m -2). We revealed mostly novel associations by GWAS (19) and QTLs (11) for growth and yield traits being the most significant for flowering, biomass, rosette height, silique and seed number, and grain yield; often representing density-independent signals although we also uncovered some density-dependent associations typically mapping at low density. Further RNA-seq transcriptomics revealed distinctive latent gene regulatory responses to simulated shade between Lynx and Monty. Given the phylogenetic relatedness, we additionally used Arabidopsis thaliana aiming at testing genes to validate density effects of homologous counterparts mapping into relevant rapeseed QTLs. Our results suggest that TCP1 may promote the growth independently of plant neighbors, while HY5 could increase biomass and seed yield specifically at high plant density. For flowering time, the observations in tested mutants suggested that the corresponding genes may plausibly contribute to promote flowering in plant-density dependent (i.e., PIN) and independent (i.e., FT, HY5 and TCP1) manner. This work underscores the advantages of using agronomic field experiments together with genetic and transcriptomic approaches to decipher quantitative complex traits that potentially mediate superior crop productivity.

scholarly journals Using CRISPR-Cas9 to generate semi-dwarf rice lines in elite landraces

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingming Hu ◽  
Yongtao Cui ◽  
Guojun Dong ◽  
Anhui Feng ◽  
Danying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Editing ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Better Than

AbstractGenetic erosion refers to the loss of genetic variation in a crop. In China, only a few original landraces of rice (Oryza sativa) were used in breeding and these became the primary genetic background of modern varieties. Expanding the genetic diversity among Chinese rice varieties and cultivating high-yielding and high-quality varieties with resistance to different biotic and abiotic stresses is critical. Here, we used the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein9(Cas9) genome editing system to edit Semi-Dwarf1 (SD1) in the elite landraces Kasalath and TeTePu (TTP), which contain many desired agronomic traits such as tolerance to low phosphorous and broad-spectrum resistance to several diseases and insects. Mutations of SD1 confer shorter plant height for better resistance to lodging. Field trials demonstrated that the yield of the new Kasalath and TTP mutant lines was better than that of the wild type under modern cultivation and that the lines maintained the same desirable agronomic characteristics as their wild-type progenitors. Our results showed that breeding using available landraces in combination with genomic data of different landraces and gene-editing techniques is an effective way to relieve genetic erosion in modern rice varieties.

scholarly journals Variation on growth and yield traits among selected Phaseolus vulgaris landraces in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
VALENCIA VUYISILE NDLANGAMANDLA ◽  
NONTUTHUKO ROSEMARY NTULI
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

Abstract. Ndlangamandla VV, Ntuli NR. 2019. Variation on growth and yield traits among selected Phaseolus vulgaris landraces in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Biodiversitas 20: 1597-1605. Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean) of American origin is grown worldwide for edible leaves, immature pods and dry seeds. This is the first comprehensive study conducted on variation among P. vulgaris landraces in South Africa. This study aimed to characterize variability in morpho-agronomic traits of P. vulgaris landraces. Twenty landraces were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Variations in germination percentage as well as in stem, leaf, pod and seed traits were determined. Significant variations were recorded in all vegetative and reproductive traits except germination percentage and seed thickness. Vegetative traits correlated positively with each other, whereas reproductive traits correlated positively with both traits. Positive association of almost all traits with first and second components in a principal component analysis and biplot indicated them as potential discriminatory traits for landraces. The biplot and dendrogram associated landraces mainly according to their seed colour as well as growth and yield traits. This study revealed the potential vegetative and reproductive traits that can be used to select vigorously growing and high-yielding P. vulgaris landraces for future large-scale farming and breeding in South Africa. These traits could potentially result in desired plants with big stems, many branches, and numerous and broad leaves with high chlorophyll content, which will yield many, long and wide pods as well as many and heavy seeds. The taller landraces (D-50M50LB-Cl, D-50P50C-Cl, E-100YG-Cl, E-25YG-Cu, E-50M50LB-Cu, E-50B50C-Cl and E-50DB50C-Cl) from KwaZulu-Natal show good potential for future large-scale farming and breeding for vigorous growth as well as high pod and seed yield.

scholarly journals Genetic Control and Heterosis of Quantitative Traits in Several Local Eggplant Genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndueso Michael AKPAN ◽  
Peter Ejimofor OGBONNA ◽  
Vincent Nduka ONYIA ◽  
Emeka Chibuzor OKECHUKWU ◽  
Ima-obong Ignatius DOMINIC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Gene Effect ◽  
Hybrid Combination ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Half Diallel

The present study was performed to assess the nature of gene action governing inheritance of agronomic traits in eggplant genotypes and extent of mid parent heterosis (MPH) and better parent heterosis (BPH) in six eggplant hybrids generated from four superior and optimally divergent genotypes of eggplant namely ‘Yalo’, ‘Uyo’, ‘K3’ and ‘Iyoyo’ selected from the germplasm and were crossed in 4×4 half diallel mating design. The six hybrids were found to show a significant (p< 0.05) positive MPH in yield traits and the highest was obtained in the hybrid ‘Yalo’ × ‘K3’ for number of fruits per plant (158.90%) and ‘K3’ × ‘Iyoyo’ for fruit yield per plant (63.14%) and fruit yield per hectare (62.20 %). The hybrid combinations ‘Yalo’ × ‘K3’ and ‘K3’ × ‘Iyoyo’ had significant positive BPH for the number of fruits per plant, 104.08% and 42.43%, respectively. For fruit yield per plant, the hybrid combination ‘Yalo’ × ‘K3’ (7.93%), ‘Uyo’ × ‘K3’ (8.48%) and ‘K3’ × ‘Iyoyo’ (12.26%) had significant positive BPH. However, the hybrid ‘K3’ × ‘Iyoyo’ (11.51%) showed significant positive BPH in fruit yield per hectare. Dominance and dominance × dominance gene effect were found to be positively higher in magnitude in all crosses for number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant and fruit yield per hectare. The prevalence of dominance and dominance × dominance gene effect in the yield traits indicate heterosis breeding as the best breeding method to improve the productivity of eggplant.

scholarly journals Genetic variability and traits association in maize (Zea mays L.) varieties for growth and yield traits

Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. e07939
Author(s):  
Bigul Thapa Magar ◽  
Subash Acharya ◽  
Bibek Gyawali ◽  
Kiran Timilsena ◽  
Jharana Upadhayaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Traits

scholarly journals Heterosis for Growth and Yield Traits from Crosses of Friesian Strains

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1661-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Żarnecki ◽  
H.D. Norman ◽  
M. Gierdziewicz ◽  
J. Jamrozik
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Traits

Combined application of ammonium nitrate and goat manure: Effects on soil nutrients availability, Okra performance and sustainable food security

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 021-028
Author(s):  
Mukhtar Iderawumi ABDULRAHEEM ◽  
Sulaimon Abidemi LAWAL
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Goat Manure

Many see organic agriculture as the most sustainable form of farming and as the paradigm for global food production in the future. One of the solutions to food insecurity and malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa is to promote local crops, encourage the use of locally source materials as amendment, improve their traditional system of production, and so diversify subsistence crop. The major reasons are the lack of knowledge and skill in land preparation and agronomic practices, weather uncertainties, pest outbreak and above all the use of fertilizer. Hence, this research will be carried out to investigate the effects of integrated application of Urea fertilizer and Goat Manure on soil Nutrient Availability and Okra performance. Field trials were conducted with four treatments replicated three times in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The treatments were Control (no Urea, no goat manure), 8t/ha-1 goat manure + 200kg/ha-1 urea fertilizer; 8t/ha-1 goat manure + 175kg/ha-1 urea fertilizer and 8t/ha-1 goat manure + 150kg/ha-1 urea fertilizer. Treatments were applied three weeks after planting by ring method with Urea and goat manure mixed. Soil physical and chemical properties, growth and yield parameters were evaluated. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range. 8t/ha-1 goat manure + 200kg/ha-1 urea fertilizer gave the highest plant height, leaf area as well as number of leaves than other treatment. However, the fruits weight, days of 50% flowering, number of fruit, fruits diameter and fruits length were significantly increased at 8t/ha-1 goat manure + 200kg/ha-1 urea fertilizer.

A, The ESTIMATION OF ECONOMIC THRESHOLDS OF JUNGLE RICE (ECHINOCHLOA COLONA L.) AND FALSE AMARANTH (DIGERA ARVENSIS FORSSK.) IN DIRECT SEEDED RICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-523
Author(s):  
Amir Ehsan ◽  
Muhammad Ehsan Safdar1 ◽  
Amjed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Competitive Index ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Direct Seeded

ABSTRACT There is little understanding about ecological interference of weeds in direct-seeded rice. To get estimates of economic thresholds of two weeds in direct seeded rice, two-year field trials were conducted at research area of College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Punjab-Pakistan. Treatments included 0, 22, 44, 66 and 88 plants m-2 densities of each of Echinochloa colona and Digera arvensis laid out in randomized complete block design. Augmented densities of E. colona (0, 22, 44, 66 and 88 weed plants m-2) enhanced its plant dry biomass up to 348 and 353%; and relative competitive index maximally to 80 and 77% in years 2015 and 2016, respectively. While the corresponding increases in plant dry weight and relative competitive index of D. arvensis were 367 and 360% and 79 and 82%. The enhancement in N (up to 258 & 257 %), P (up to 220 & 232%) and K (up to 293 & 301%) uptake in years 2015 and 2016, respectively were made by E. Colona whereas the corresponding increases in N, P and K assimilation by D. arvensis were as far as 265 & 257%, 238 & 233% and 305 & 298%, respectively. The declines in growth and yield of rice were observed in response to growing number of both the weeds. Rice grain yield losses ranged between 9.8 to 80% and 28 to 80% by E. Colona and D. arvensis. The economic thresholds of false amaranth and jungle rice were estimated to be 1.6-1.4 plants m-2 and 2.2-2.6 plants m-2, respectively.

Yield response of restricted-tillering wheat to transient waterlogging on duplex soils

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Condon ◽  
F. Giunta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
South West ◽  
Relative Extent ◽  
Before And After

Transient waterlogging during winter and spring reduces wheat yield in many parts of southern Australia. Yield reductions from waterlogging are associated with reduced production and survival of tillers, fewer and smaller fertile tillers, and smaller grain size. Under favourable conditions, wheats that have the tiller-inhibition ('tin') gene produce a lower total number of tillers but a higher proportion of large, productive tillers and larger grains than wheats without this gene. These characteristics of restricted-tillering wheat may contribute to improved yield under transient waterlogging. We compared the growth and yield of the commercial variety Bodallin and 2 Bodallin backcross derivatives containing the 'tin' gene in 8 field trials grown on shallow, duplex soils in 1995 and 1996 at 3 locations in the south-west of Western Australia. Trials were sown at standard (1995) and standard and high (1996) seeding rates. Trial-mean yield ranged from 0.5 to 4.7 t/ha, depending on the occurrence and severity of waterlogging before anthesis and of soil water deficit before and after anthesis. Grain yield of the restricted-tillering (RT) lines averaged only c. 80% of Bodallin. At all sites and seeding rates the RT lines had fewer spikes per m2 (45% fewer, on average) but averaged 44% more grains per spike. In 1996 only, grain weight of the RT lines was 6% greater than of Bodallin. There was no evidence that the relative yield of the RT lines was greater at waterlogged sites than at other sites. Waterlogging reduced the number of fertile spikes of RT lines and of Bodallin to the same relative extent and differences in grains per spike and grain size had little effect on relative yields. Even though harvest index of the RT lines was slightly elevated in some environments, biomass production of the RT lines was low in all environments. We conclude that wheats with the 'tin' gene are unlikely to have a yield advantage under transient waterlogging unless their biomass production can match that of more freely tillering wheats.

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